Objective: To explore whether abnormal brain activity exists in schizophrenics during resting state by fMRI technique and regional homogeneity(ReHo)approach. Methods: fMRI images were obtained in resting state from 18 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed with the DSM-Ⅳ criteria and 18 control subjects. The newly published ReHo approach was applied for fMRI data analysis. Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed decreased ReHo of BOLD signal in resting brain compared with control subjects(P

Objective To discuss the feasibility and effect of the new look-up table method in the diet health management of type 2 diabetes patients. Methods 200 patients with type 2 diabetes in department of endocrinology in our hospital were divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method and 100 cases in each group. The new look-up table method and food exchange method were used respectively to intervene. Before the intervention and 6 months after the intervention, the clinical related metabolic indexes and diet self-management scores of patients in two groups were monitored, meanwhile, the time for nurses to guide patient to learn self-catering arrangements was calculated. Results Fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 hours blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin of patients in experimental group were respectively (9.64±4.62) mmol/L, (12.37±4.88) mmol/L, (9.26 ± 2.56) % before intervention and were respectively (6.74 ± 3.87) mmol/L, (9.16 ± 4.76) mmol/L, (7.21 ± 3.21) % at 6 months after intervention, the difference was statistically significant (t=4.81, 4.71, 4.99, P < 0.01). However, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 hours blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin of patients in control group were respectively (9.14 ± 5.28) mmol/L, (12.95 ± 4.65) mmol/L, (9.12±3.31)%before intervention and were respectively (7.29±4.98) mmol/L, (10.01±5.56) mmol/L, (7.36± 2.86)%at 6 months after intervention, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.55, 4.06, 4.02, P<0.05 or 0.01). The diet self-management scores of patients were significantly improved in two groups, the scores of experimental group were (9.52±5.45) points before intervention and (13.70±7.11) points after 6 months intervention, the difference was statistically significant (t= 4.44, P < 0.01). The scores of control group were (9.18±6.32) points before intervention and (11.27±6.38) points after 6 months intervention, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.33, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (t=2.54, P<0.05). The time needed for the education of experimental group was less than that of control group, (22.47 ± 5.84) min in experimental group and (32.23 ± 7.66) min in control group respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=10.13, P < 0.01). Conclusions The new look-up table method is more convenient and can improve diet self-management ability for patients. It can also improve the work efficiency of clinical nurses and has the feasibility and applicability in the diet management of diabetes patients.

[Objective] To investigate the clinical characteristics and blood transfusion status of patients of liver cirrhosis and analyze its rationality.[Methods] We designed questionnaires to collect the data of patients admitted with liver cirrhosis including clinical features,blood transfusion,smoking,drinking and other living habits.We follow up the patients and analyze the blood transfusion rationality.[Results] Data on 198 patients was collected.34.8％ (69/198) of all patients were transfused at least one blood component.Total blood transfusion was 371 times,of which 52.2％ of the blood transfusion cases (36/69) were transfused with two or more blood during hospitalization.Among the 69 cases of blood transfusion,11 cases were treated with the first blood transfusion for the purpose of treatment and 58 cases for prevention.18 of those cases were infused with red blood cells of 90.5 units.54.55 ％ (60/110) and 60.91％ (67/110) of patients who had a pre-transfusion INR＞1.3 did not receive plasma.2.27％ (2/88) of patients who had a pre-transfusion INR≤1.3 received plasma.29.41％ (5/17)who had a pre-transfusion fib≤1.0 received cryoprecipitate.3.87％(7/181) who had a pre-transfusion fib＞1.0 received cryoprecipitate.[Conclusions] Blood transfusion is common in patients with liver cirrhosis.Empirical and preventive blood transfusion is common also.We should take a more scientific restrictive blood transfusion strategy.

Objective To observe the safety and effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy(HDT) supported by autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells transplantation(APBHSCT) in the patients of terminal or relapsed malignant tumors.Methods The patients achieved CR or PR after 4 cycles of conventional salvage chemotherapy were divided into two groups randomly.26 patients in the research group were adapted APBHSC+HDC,50 patients in the control group were adapted 2～4 cycles of routine chemotherapy.Results In the research group,hematopoiesis was reconstructed in all patients,8 out of 17 patients who achieved PR after 4 cycles of conventional salvage chemotherapy turned into CR after APBHSC+HDC(CR rate 47.1%).In the control group,33 patients who achieved PR after 4 cycles of conventional salvage chemotherapy were still PR after 2～4 cycles of routine chemotherapy.The median survival period in the research group was 11 months,which was longer than the one in the control group.The survival rates of 2,3 and 4 years in the research group were evidently higher than the ones in the control group(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the potential role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor mRNA (IGF-IR mRNA) in the onset and development of retinopathy in diabetic rats.

METHODSA diabetic model was duplicated in Wistar rats. The early changes in the retina were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. Expression of IGF-IR mRNA was analyzed using in situ hybridization.

RESULTSWeak expression of IGF-IR mRNA (5%) was found in retinas of normal rats, but was significantly increased (15% and 18%) in the retinas of diabetic rats after 3 and 6 months of diabetes (P < 0.01). In situ hybridization and morphological study demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between IGF-IR mRNA expression and retinal changes at various stages.

CONCLUSIONIncreased IGF-IR mRNA might play an important role in the onset and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; etiology ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; physiology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; genetics ; Retina ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective: Based on coronary artery calciifcation (CAC) distribution in the rural population of Yunnan province, we further explored the relationship between coronary artery calciifcation score (CACS) and the pulse pressure difference (PPD).
Methods: A randomly stratiifed cluster sampling method was used to study the rural population of Yunnan province and 16-MDCT scan was performed in 212 subjects for evaluating their CAC and calculating CACS. The subjects were divided into 2 sets of groups according to the age and CACS value. Age (51-60) years group,n=108 and Age (61-71) years group,n=104; CACS<1 group,n=162, 1≤CACS<100 group,n=33 and CACS≥100 group,n=17. The PPD level and the relationship between CACS and PPD were compared among different groups.
Results: The average PPD level in Age (61-71) years group was (44.67±13.87) mmHg and in Age (61-71) years group was (50.00±17.44) mmHg,P=0.015, PPD was positively related to age, rs=0.202,P=0.003. The average PPD level in CACS≥100 group, CACS<1 group and 1≤CACS<100 group were (55.22±18.79) mmHg, (46.87±15.46) mmHg and (45.20±15.89) mmHg respectively,P<0.05. The patients with increased PPD level in CACS≥100 group was 47.1%, in CACS<1 group was 17.3% and in 1≤CACS<100 group was 15.2%,P<0.05. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that PPD level was positively related to CACS, rs=0.282,P=0.047, with adjusted confounding factors such as age and blood cholesterol level, the PPD was still positively related to CACS.
Conclusion: PPD as a risk factor of coronary artery disease is related to CACS in rural population of Yunnan province, the CACS increased accordingly with the elevated PPD level.

OBJECTIVE: To diagnoze active ankylosing spondylitis (AAS) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: MRI of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) was performed on 48 patients who were clinically diagnosed as probable AS without radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis. Among them 21 were diagnozed as active sacroiliitis with MRI, whose examination was terminated; 27 whose MRI of SIJ did not diagnoze as active sacroiliitis were performed MRI in the thoracic spine. The diagnostic criteria of MRI for AAS of SIJ and/or the thoracic spine were fomulated by consulting documents. The definite diagnosis of AAS was finally made after follow-up for half a year. The sensitivity and specificity of the MRI of SIJ and/or MRI of thoracic spine were assessed. RESULTS: In the 48 patients without radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis, 38 were finally diagnosed as AAS, with established consensus criteria as reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of the MRI of SIJ were 52.6% and 90.0%, and for the MRI of SIJ and/or the MRI of the thoracic spine 76.3% and 90.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION Clinically probable AS without MRI evidence of sacroiliitis, MRI of the thoracic spine can increase the sensitivity of AAS diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Sacroiliac Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; diagnosis ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; pathology ; Young Adult

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized byβ-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tauprotein hyperphosphorylation, whereas its pathogenesis has not been fully known so far. The metabolism of Aβand tau protein is critically affected by autophagy. In the early phase of AD, Aβand tau protein can induce themselves to be eliminated via mTOR-dependent and independent autophagy pathways. In addition, transcription factors EB and apolipoprotein E4 also regulate autophagy and thus participate in the metabolism of Aβand tau protein, affecting AD progression. This review summarized the roles of autophagy in the metabolism of Aβand tau protein and the autophagy regulators closely related to AD in the recent studies.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 2 patients with genetically conformed HDLS, admitted to our hospital in August 2020 and October 2021, were collected; and a literature search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases from January 2012 to January 2022 (enrolling a total of 48 patients with HDLS caused by colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor [ CSF1R] gene mutation). The population, clinical, imaging and gene mutation characteristics of these patients were summarized and analyzed. Results:(1) In these 50 patients, 20 were male and 30 were female, with onset age of (40.72±11.27) years; 40 patients (80.0%) had been misdiagnosed. (2) The most common first symptom and sign were progressive cognitive impairment (74.0%) and progressive dementia (80.0%). The patients in the middle and old aged group (≥40 years old, n=31) had significantly higher incidences of progressive cognitive impairment and Parkinson's-like symptom, and statistically lower incidence of muscle weakness as compared with those in the youth group (<40 years old, n=19, P<0.05). (3) The highest incidence of abnormal imaging findings was white matter lesions (100.0%), followed by cerebral atrophy (84.0%), ventricular enlargement (84.0%) and corpus callosum atrophy (60.0%). DWI examination was completed in 28 patients, and all patients showed persistent limitation of diffusion (100.0%). The most affected areas of white matter lesions were around the lateral ventricles, followed by the frontal-parietal occipital lobe, and corpus callosum. The incidence of abnormal signal of central semiovale in youth group was statistically higher than that in middle and old aged group ( P<0.05). (4) A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations or possibly pathogenic mutations were identified in 50 patients, 21 of which were novel mutations reported for the first time. Of the 47 patients whose mutations were described in detail, 8 (17.0%) and 5 (10.6%) probands carried c. 2381T>C/p. I794T and c.2345G>A/p.R782H, respectively. Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of HDLS are diverse and lack of specificity. The most common first symptom and sign are progressive cognitive impairment and progressive dementia; however, the symptom spectrum and MRI imaging changes of white matter damage are related to age. MRI follow-up and targeted gene testing help reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of HDLS.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 2 patients with genetically conformed HDLS, admitted to our hospital in August 2020 and October 2021, were collected; and a literature search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases from January 2012 to January 2022 (enrolling a total of 48 patients with HDLS caused by colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor [ CSF1R] gene mutation). The population, clinical, imaging and gene mutation characteristics of these patients were summarized and analyzed. Results:(1) In these 50 patients, 20 were male and 30 were female, with onset age of (40.72±11.27) years; 40 patients (80.0%) had been misdiagnosed. (2) The most common first symptom and sign were progressive cognitive impairment (74.0%) and progressive dementia (80.0%). The patients in the middle and old aged group (≥40 years old, n=31) had significantly higher incidences of progressive cognitive impairment and Parkinson's-like symptom, and statistically lower incidence of muscle weakness as compared with those in the youth group (<40 years old, n=19, P<0.05). (3) The highest incidence of abnormal imaging findings was white matter lesions (100.0%), followed by cerebral atrophy (84.0%), ventricular enlargement (84.0%) and corpus callosum atrophy (60.0%). DWI examination was completed in 28 patients, and all patients showed persistent limitation of diffusion (100.0%). The most affected areas of white matter lesions were around the lateral ventricles, followed by the frontal-parietal occipital lobe, and corpus callosum. The incidence of abnormal signal of central semiovale in youth group was statistically higher than that in middle and old aged group ( P<0.05). (4) A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations or possibly pathogenic mutations were identified in 50 patients, 21 of which were novel mutations reported for the first time. Of the 47 patients whose mutations were described in detail, 8 (17.0%) and 5 (10.6%) probands carried c. 2381T>C/p. I794T and c.2345G>A/p.R782H, respectively. Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of HDLS are diverse and lack of specificity. The most common first symptom and sign are progressive cognitive impairment and progressive dementia; however, the symptom spectrum and MRI imaging changes of white matter damage are related to age. MRI follow-up and targeted gene testing help reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of HDLS.