BACKGROUND: Chitosan and sodium alginate are the good natural materials for microcapsule, and also used widely in tissue engineering. Our research teams have made thorough work at anticoagulant materials, but these materials are inert or simulate the liquid crYstal form of blood vessel wall. While in this experiment, on the base of our previous study, we microencapsulated heparin with biotic anticoagulation activity and other specific performances in order to enable microcapsule to have a long time releasing effect of medicine.OBJECTIVE: To microencapsulate the low molecular heparin so as to ensure the stability of heparin in vivo and analyze the effect of content of chitosan on the performance of heparin microcapsules basing on the natural chitosan and sodium alginate as the enwrapped materials of microcapsules.DESIGN: Open experiment.SETTING: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Jinan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the laboratory of Department of Material Science and Engineering, Jinan University from October 2004 to June 2005. Heparin, with relative molecular mass＜ 5 000, was provided by Shandong Freda Biochem Co., Ltd.,; Chitosan was provided by Shanghai Bio Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd, DD≥90%, η＜ 100 cps;Sodium alginate was provided by Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Industrial Co., Ltd. Emulsions were Span80, and CaCl2, which were both made in China.METHODS: ①Preparation of heparin/chitosan microcapsules (HCM):Some heparin aqueous solution was emulsified in liquid paraffin. The reaction system was stirred fully and presented emulsion. Then the whole reaction system was warmed to be at 50 ℃ and maintained for 20 minutes. Afterwards, 20 g/L chitosan solution was added slowly, subsequently with raising the temperature to be at 60 ℃ and then glutaraldehyde was dropwised keeping the reaction system at 80 ℃ for 1hour. Centrifugation, filtration and washing followed by washing with kerosene fully, remain organic was extracted by dehydrated alcohol with extractor were performed.Drying and xeransis in vacuum were done at last. ② Preparation of heparin-sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsules (HSCM) :Heparin aqueous solution and sodium alginate were emulsified in paraffin, and the reaction system was stirred into emulsion at room temperature for 20 minutes, then 3% CaCl2 solution containing different concentrations of chitosan was added slowly. 30 minutes later, Microcapsules were separated, washed and dried as the treatments as before. ③ Drug content and envelope efficiency were measured, heparin standard curve was determined and in vitro releasing effect of heparin microcapsules was also measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Effect of chitosan solution concentration on preparation of heparin-chitosan microcapsules; ② Effect of glutaraldehyde dosage on preparation of heparin-chitosan microcapsules; ③Effect of sodium alginate concentration on hepatin-sodium alginate; ④Effect of chitosan concentration on hepatin-sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsules. ⑤ In vitro release of heparin microcapsules enwrapped by different materials. ⑥Measurement of heparin content and envelope efficiency. ⑦ Observation of heparin microcapsule under scanning electron microscope RESULTS: ①With the increasing concentration of chitosan, the color of production changed from yellow to dark, and microcapsules were increscent, but the microcapsules uniformity and property of balling were increased. ②The increasing content of glutaraldehyde led darker production.Increase of glutaraldehyde content made production bond each other severely. The glutaraldehyde, which did not react with chitosan, can solidify itself and presented anomalous microcapsules forming. ③There was not obvious balling property of the production with the change of concentration of sodium alginate. ④The balling property of microsphere was good with increasing concentration of chitosan. However, microcapsules conglutinated with each other. 2% chitosan would be better. ⑤With the increase of chitosan content, the releasing speed ofheparin became slow. ⑥The envelope efficiency was about 58% when microcapsule contained 20%(wt) of chitosan, and used chitosan only the envelope efficiency could approach to 79.9%. ⑦ The surface of microcapsules with chitosan was very compact,and with increasing of content of glutaraldehyde, microcapsules would bond each other.CONCLUSION: Chitosan at certain concentration will affect the uniformity and balling property of microcapsules. Chitosan dosage can alter the envelope efficiency of heparin. Envelope efficiency of heparin is increased and releasing speed of heparin is decreased with the increase of content of chitosan.

Objective To explore the effect of budesonide combined with ipratropium bromide in the treat-ment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and observe the adverse reactions during treat-ment.To analyze the treatment of safety and to provide the basis for clinical treatment.Methods 160 cases of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected,they were randomly divided into the control group A,B,C and the observation group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group A was treated with prednisone and other conventional,control group B was treated with aminophylline and other conventional treatment,the control group C application included prednisone,aminophylline and other conventional treatment,all the control group were treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution inhaled as a placebo spray.And the observation group application of budesonide was combined with ipratropium bromide based on the routine treatment.Mainly the effect of treatment was observed,and the blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaO2 ),partial pressure of oxygen (PaCO2 ),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 )and forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio of FVC (FEV1 /FVC)before and after treatment were detected.And the adverse reactions were observed to evaluate its safety.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.00%(38 /40),which were higher than the control group A,B and C,the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =9.68,9.70,9.91,all P <0.05).The PaO2 level of the observation group after treatment was (76.89 ±0.63)mmHg, which were higher than that of the control group after treatment (73.66 ±0.47)mmHg,and that of two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =10.48,13.72,12.83,all P <0.05).The PaCO2 of the observation group after treatment was (50.06 ±0.60)mmHg,which were lower than that of the control group A,B and C after the treatment,each group after treatment was lower than that before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =11.72,12.69,10.74,all P <0.05 ).FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC of the observation group after treatment were (2.19 ±0.29)L and (69.27 ±0.59)%,which were higher than those of the control group A,B and C after treatment,and each groupafter treatment was higher than that before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =12.68,13.10,12.41,9.89,10.63,11.29,all P <0.05). Comparison of adverse reactions in each group,the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =1.38,P >0.05). Conclusion It has good clinical curative effect on budesonide combined with ipratropium bromide for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients,which can significantly improve the pulmona-ry function of patients,shorten recovery time,and has high security.It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To enhance hospital equipment information management standards for the purpose of measurement instruments.Methods:Using solutions based on Web technology, database technology, database through the establishment of measurement devices, implement life cycle management method.Results: To solve the many hospital only attach importance to the management of medical equipment, ignore the metering device management, lead to measuring instruments record disorder, query the inconvenience problem.Conclusion: Medical device measurement equipment management system improves the ability of the hospital information management, strengthens the efficiency of communication and exchanges of various departments and produces good economic and social benefits.

A novel HPLC-CAD method coupled with on-line solid phase extraction ( SPE ) for the determination of erythrocin which was widely used in livestock farming was developed. After mixed with diatomite, 5. 0 g manure sample was put into the cell and extracted with hot water at 70℃ and 10. 3 MPa. An on-line SPE methodology was applied to pre-treat the sample, and the sample was seperated on an Acclaim 120 C18 column and analyzed by corona CAD detector using acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid as mobile phase. Good linearity for erythrocin was obtained in the range of 21-2000 μg/kg. The detection limit was 6. 3 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 79. 2%-87. 5%.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of MSCT with multi-planar reconstruction(MPR)and maximum intensity projection(MIP)in diagnosis of spinal burst fracture.Methods 45 patients(53 vertebras)with vertebral burst fracture were examined by MSCT and processed with MPR and MIP.The imaging features were analyzed comparatively.Results The axial images clearly demonstrated the vertebral body vertically or transversely burst crack in 49 vertebras(92.5%),bony fragment inserted into the spinal canal and stenosis of spinal canal in 34 vertebras(64.2%).The sagittal images showed kyphosis in 28 vertebras(62.2%).The sagittal and coronal images showed decreased height of the vertebral body in 37 vertebras(69.8%)and depressed fracture of vertebral end plate in 19 vertebras(35.8%).Total 44 fractures were located at spinal appendix,39 were showed by axial images,35 by sagittal images and 33 by coronal images.MIP displayed the space changes of bone structures in all cases and rotary dislocation fracture in 6 cases(11.3%).Conclusion MPR and MIP are of significant values in diagnosis and clinical treatment of spinal burst fracture.

Tumor cell plasticity, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse program, mesenchymal to epithe-lial transition (MET), regulates circulating tumor cells and carcinoma metastasis. Twist is overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and other tumors. Twist, as a transcriptional factor, cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways, forming a com-plex network to participate in the regulation of EMT/MET in circulating tumor cells, which in turn promotes metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, monitoring the level of Twist and epithelial–mesenchymal phenotypic molecules is important as it may be beneficial for in-creasing the detection ratio of circulating tumor cells as tumor biomarkers and for evaluating the effects of anticancer drugs.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Despite decades of research, it remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs). None of the current treatment, including antibiotics, organ protection and liquid resuscitation, is specifically effective for sepsis. Immunosuppression is one of the currently accepted pathogenesis and immunotherapy is one of the hot spot of current sepsis research. Immune related treatments include restricting the release of pathogen toxin and its removal, controlling the excessive inflammatory reaction and apoptosis inhibition, etc. Numerous pre-clinical studies using immunomodulatory agents such as interleukin-7 (IL-7), anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody and others, have demonstrated reversal of T cell dysfunction and improved survival resulting from reviewing recent advances in immunotherapy of sepsis. Therefore, immunotherapy may be a new way of sepsis treatment.

Objective To study a kind of video transformation algorithm based on FPGA in view of the present situation that the video output of X-ray equipment can not be connected to common video adapter.Methods Through the control of non-standard video signal AD sampling data read-write succession in FIFO,800 digital sampling data was output(output resolution:800?600,refresh rate:60Hz)in the period of every line of effective signal.The output module combined these data with line and field synchronized signal and transform them into standard VGA signal.Results Non-standard medical video signal could be transformed into standard medical video signal by using VHDL in normal FPGA.Conclusion The speed of this algorithm is high,and the transformation effect is clear and smooth.

BACKGROUND:At present, the incidence rates of knee joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis, knee joint degenerative are high. The major clinical treatment is total knee replacement in the clinic, so it is necessary to evaluate the changes in stress and bone mineral density of the regions surrounding the prosthesis after replacement. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To explore periprosthetic stress and bone mineral density and to analyze their correlation after total knee arthroplasty. ＜br> METHODS:A total of 20 cases undergoing total knee arthroplasty were chosen.The hospital for special surgery scores were used to evaluate patients’ functional recovery at 12 months after total knee arthroplasty. The periprosthetic femur was divided into four regions of interest (ROI), respectively ROI 1-4;periprosthetic tibia was divided into three regions of interest, respectively ROI 5-7. Stress surrounding the prosthesis was analyzed using three-dimensional finite element analysis at 1, 3, 6 months, 1, 2, 3 years after replacement. Simultaneously, bone mineral density surrounding the prosthesis was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No patients affected infection or loosening of the prosthesis. At 12 months after replacement, the score of hospital for special surgery was (90.23±2.37), which showed significant differences as compared with before replacement (39.68±1.31) (P＜0.05). The level of stress shielding was highest in ROI 5 and lowest in ROI 3. Stress shielding rate of ROI increased with statistical difference at 6 months after operation (P＜0.05). At 1, 2, 3 years after operation, shielding rate in periprosthetic femoral stress in ROI 1 decreased. Compared with 1 month after operation, the difference was statistical y significant (P＜0.05). However, shielding rate of tibial periprosthetic stress in ROI 6 increased. Compared with 1 month after operation, the difference was statistical y significant (P＜0.05). Bone mineral density after 1 month after operation had no significant decrease (P>0.05). At 3 months after operation, bone mineral density began to decline significantly (P＜0.01). The decrease was most obviously in ROI 5 and the change was least in ROI 3. After 1 year of operation, bone mineral density did not change significantly. These data indicated that changes in bone mineral density were correlated with stress shielding after total knee arthroplasty. Monitoring two variations can provide theoretical data for preventing bone loss, which provides references for clinical rehabilitation guidance.

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory feature of neonatal hemolytic disease (HDN)occurred in Qingdao caused by mother-baby ABO blood type disagreement.Methods Serum bilirubin (TBIL)test and micro column gel technology were used on 422 cases neonatal hemolytic disease children blood samples (collected from Jun.2013 to Feb.2015).Results There were 388 cases first-born children among 422 cases including 206 cases of type A and 216 of type B and the difference between them was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.24,P >0.05).The difference between male (218 cases)and female (204 cases)was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.24,P >0.05)too.The indirect bilirubin (IBI)increas-ing was more obviously.The peak level of serum bilirubin was 116~465 μmol/L and 256.5~342.0 μmol/L was 38.9% (χ2=0.24,P >0.05).162 cases reticulocyte count was increased nearly 38.5% (χ2 =75.62,P <0.05).RBC antibody release test and serum free antibody test were often positive and the percentage was 80.1% (χ2 =146.98,P <0.05).Conclusion The neonatal hemolytic disease may turn up in first-born children.The child with three positive test was more sensitive to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.RBC antibody release test and serum free antibody test are often positive.It is important to make the early diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible for reducing the bilirubin encephalopathy.