Extensive use of tributyltin (TBT) has caused serious environmental pollution, which is harmful to human and other organisms. As a cytotoxic chemical, an important mode for TBT effects on the cells is to induce apoptosis. The present paper mainly reviewed the mechanism by which TBT induces apoptosis at low concentration.

Hexavalent chromium[Cr(VI)] is a well-know environmental toxicant which can cause many types of DNA damage. However Cr(VI) does not react directly with DNA itself, it penetrates the cell membrane through the nonspecific phosphate/sulphate anion channel and undergoes a reductive metabolism to a series of lower oxidation state including quinquevalent chromium[Cr(V)], quadrivalent chromium[Cr(IV)] and trivalent chromium[Cr(III)]. Cr(III) can form variety of Cr-DNA adducts; moreover oxidative Cr(V) and free radicals generated during the reduction cause DNA oxidative damage. The process of how Cr(VI) induce DNA damage after entered the cells and types of DNA lesions were briefly reviewed in the present article.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of breeze heat treatment with site blood circulation for abdominal purpura allergic acupoint application therapy. Methods 96 patients were randomly divided into treatment and control group ,with 48 people in each. Both groups received traditional Chinese medicine with conventional therapy. Control group was given oral medicine treatment and acupoint application while the treatment group was given enema treatment. Clinical parameters observed includes degree of symptoms released ,the number of days in hospital and laboratory test results. Results The number of days in treatment group and hospital stay significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). In terms of laboratory tests,the degree of improve?ment of the treatment group than the control group was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Treatment of dispersing heat blood circulation acupoint sticking with the treatment for abdominal type allergic purpura can sig?nificantly improve symptoms and laboratory tests ,with no obvious adverse reactions.

Objective To observe the effect of parecoxib united with local anaesthesia analgesia system on analgesia after radical resection of liver cancer. Methods Ninety patients undergoing elective radical resection of liver cancer were randomly assigned to three groups, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in parecoxib group (P group) received parecoxib 40 mg through vein before the end of operation for 30 min, and were injected parecoxib 40 mg at 12 h, 24 h and 46 h after operation. The patients in local anethsia analgesia system group (L group) received embedding hypodermic pervasion canal in incision subcutaneously, then connected the pump with 0.25% ropivacaine 250 ml, with infusion speed of 4 ml/h.The patients in united group(U group)receiced the same methods with those in P group and L group. When the patients'visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were higher than 5 scores, they were given muscle injection of pethidine 50 mg. The VAS scores and Ramsay sedation scores at the time of tracheal extubation (T0), postoperative 2 h(T1), 6 h(T2), 12 h(T3), 24 h(T4) and 48 h(T5), the adverse reaction rate, dosage of pethidine, and analgesia satisfaction were compared. Results The resting and movement of VAS scores and Ramsay sedation scores at each time in P group and L group had no significant difference (P>0.05). The resting and movement of VAS scores and Ramsay sedation scores at each time in U group were significantly better than those in P group and L group (P<0.05). The rate of nausea and vomiting in three groups had no significant difference among three groups (P > 0.05). The rate of drowsiness in U group was significantly lower than that in P group and L group:6.67%(2/30) vs. 26.67%(8/30) and 23.33%(7/30), P < 0.05. The analgesia satisfaction in U group was significantly higher than that in P group and L group:93.33%(28/30) vs. 56.67%(17/30) and 53.33%(16/30), P<0.05. Conclusions The analgesia effect of the parecoxib united with local anaesthesia analgesia system for radical resection of liver cancer is perfect.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and cardiovascular disease of Danhong injection in the treatment after cardiac interventional therapy.Methods A total of 64 cases with cardiac intervention from September 2013 to July 2015 in our hospital were selected and divided into control group and experiment group with 32 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given aspirin 100mg orally,and patients in the experiment group revieved Danhong injection 20mL intravenous drip qd,one times a day for 14 days.Two groups of patients underwent cardiac intervention.After the operaiton,the control group was given aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100mg orally,clopidogrel 75mg orally,and patients in the experiment group revieved Danhong injection 20mL intravenous drip qd,seven days for a course and the patients treated for three courses.The clinical efficacy,C-reactive protein(CRP),cardiac troponin T(TnT),P-selectin(Ps),PSGL-1,cardiovascular events(cardiovascular events),and adverse events were compared.Results After treatment,the clinical efficacy in experiment group was 93.75％,which significant higher than that in control group 71.88％,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rate of cardiovascular events in experiment group was 21.88％,which significant lower than that in control group 40.63％,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum C-reactive protein,troponin T,Ps and PSGL-1 were significantly decreased in the two groups,and the experimental group was significantly smaller than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 15.63％in the control group and 9.38％in the experimental group,the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Danhong injection treatment of elderly patients with cardiac intervention after the clinical effect is significant,high security,the incidence of cardiovascular events is low.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of early enteral nutritional support for acute se-vere organophosphorus pesticide poisoning.Methods 56 cases with acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poison-ing were selected and divided into group A and group B in accordance with the random number table.Both groups were given conventional emergency treatment.Enteral nutrition support with nutrition pump was applied for 30 cases of group A in 48 -72hours,while group B in 72h -5d.The time of consciousness recovery,CHE increase to normal 60%,the incidence rate of intermediate syndrome,gastrointestinal complications of abdominal pain,abdominal disten-sion,vomiting,reflux,diarrhea,VAP,MODS of the two groups of patients were compared.Results The time of con-sciousness recovery (3.6 ±0.8)d in group A was lower than that of group B(4.1 ±0.6)d (t=2.612,P<0.01), the CHE increase to normal 60%(5.5 ±1.3)d in group A was lower than that of group B(6.3 ±1.1)d(t=2.464, P<0.05),the incidence rate of intermediate syndrome(3.3%)in group A was lower than that of group B(38.5%) (χ2 =4.691,P<0.05),the VAP of 13.3% in group A was lower than that of group B(46.2%)(χ2 =7.352,P<0.01),the MODS of 13.3% in group A was lower than 38.5% of group B(χ2 =4.691,P<0.05),the duration in ICU of (8.0 ±1.2)d in group A was lower than (12.0 ±2.4)d of group B(t=7.705,P<0.01).There was no sig-nificant difference of gastrointestinal complications between the two groups (P >0.05 ).There was no significant difference of gastrointestinal complications between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutritional support is effective and safe for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and worthy of promotion.

Objective To evaluate the features of insulin sensitivity and ?-cell function in a Chinese population with normal fasting glucose.Methods 2,388 subjects aged≥20 years were divided into 5 groups based on the results of oral 75-g glucose tolerance test(OGTT):low-NFG,mid-NFG,high-NFG,IFG,T2DM.We compared insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using several indexes derived from OGTT.Results There was a progressive decline in indexes of ?-cell function and insulin sensitivity when moving from NFG to type 2 diabetes.Compared with subjects with mid-NFG(FPG 4.9～5.6mmol/l),subjects with high-NFG(FPG5.6～6.1mmol/l)were more resistant to insulin,and had reduced insulin secretion,higher plasma triglyceride level and reduced HDL cholesterol concentrations(P

AIM: Tranditional methods of screening drugs for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)requires senile male animals such as dogs or rats.It consumes a long time to get the results. Over-expression of type Ⅱ5α-reductase in prastate induces BPH.A fast and efficient screening model of type Ⅱ5α-reductase inhibitors for BPH was set up in this paper.METHODS:Microsomes were extracted from male Sprague-Dawley rat livers by gradient centrifugation.Type Ⅱ5α-reductase enzyme-catalyzed reaction was assayed by UV-spectrophotometry using testosterone as a substrate and NADPH as hydrogen donor.The change of enzymatic activity was recorded with a NADPH wavelength of 340 nm by subtracted descending velocity of the control(without 5α-reductase).Effects at different conditions(temperatures,pH,enzyme and testosterone concentrations)on 5α-reductase were assayed.RESULTS:The suitable condition of type Ⅱ5α-reductase reaction Was defined as concentration of 109.05 mg protein/L enzyme(pH 6.00)with 2 μmol/L testosterone at 37℃.Michaelis'constant of type Ⅱ5α-reductase was 0.6μmol/L.Finasteride,a new drug for BPH,significantly inhibited activity of type Ⅱ 5α-reductase.IC50 of finasteride Was 64.1 nmol/L.As solvent of drugs,concentration of ethanol below 1.1% did not inhibite enzymatic activity(P＞0.05).Concentration of ethanol above 1.6%could obviouslv suppress enzymatic activity(P＜0.01).Daytime difference within five days had no significant difference(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:A handy and fast screening method for type Ⅱ 5α-reductase inhibitors has been set up using UV-spectrophotometry.It may be used to screening drugs for BPH treatment.

0.05).Concentration of ethanol above 1.6 % could obviously suppress enzymatic activity(P0.05).CONCLUSION: A handy and fast screening method for type Ⅱ5?-reductase inhibitors has been set up using UV-spectrophotometry.It may be used to screening drugs for BPH treatment.

Background Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR),and Notch1 signal pathway is one of the important signal transduction pathways in the organism which may antagonize retinal vascular diseases.However,if Notch1 signaling pathway is involved in pathogenesis of DR has not been confirmed yet.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of Notch1,Dll4,PARP-1,Akt,nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and caspase-3 in the retina of diabetic mouse model and retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) under the high glucose.Methods The expressions of Notch1,Dll4,PARP-1,Akt,NF-κB and caspase-3 in the retina of diabetic mouse models were investigated using immunochemistry and Western blot method after the diabetic mouse models were established.And these proteins were detected in retinal RVECs under the high glucose by Western blot.Results The expressions of Notch1,Dll4 and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in retinas reduced significantly and simultaneously companied with increases of PARP-1 and caspase-3 in diabetic mice compared with normal mice (all at P＜0.05).However,no obvious change was found in the expression of NF-κB (P＞0.05).Expressions of Notch1 and p-Akt in RVECs increased with the increase of glucose concentration,but expressions of cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3 decreased,especially in the 30 mmol/L group,showing significant differences in comparison with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).But no altering of NF-κB expression was seen in the mice with diabetes mellitus.Conclusions The expressions of cleaved-PARP-1 and caspase-3 in the retinas is up-regulated,but the expressions of Notch1 and p-Akt are down-regulated in diabetic mice.