.88%, ptosis 0.35%, disease of cornea 0.27%, cataract 0.14%, congenital glaucoma 0.05%, trauma 0.67% and 3.32% were others.The number of patients had a seasonal variation and 42.98% patient visits occured in winter and summer vacation.

Objective To analyze literature distribution and research of clinical molecular diagnosis in recent years using bib-liometric method.Methods The “clinicalmolecular diagnosis”as the topic,the papers related to clinical molecular diagnosis were searched from the database of “Web of Sciences”(from 1986 to 2015.8.31).The resulting papers were analyzed using bibliometric method concerning the paper numbers,countries/districts,institutes,journal distribution,etc.Summary of the times cited and citing papers were also investigated.Results A total of 6 279 papers were obtained from the database,and the annual number of publications and citations increased all the time.United States and West European countries (France, Italy,Germany,England,Spain,etc.)issued the largest number of papers.The mean number of citation and h-index were 16.6 times and 118,respectively.The papers about the usage of clinical molecular diagnosis on disease diagnosis,treatment and prognosis had the most citations.Conclusion Clinical molecular diagnostics technology is in the development stage.It plays a larger role in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.The application of this technology may improve our services lev-el significantly.

Based on the current situation of legislation on new clinical technologies management in China,the paper analyzes the legal absence or defect on management of new clinical technologies on such aspects as management category,informed consent,time limit,and risk taking,explores the necessity and urgency tO further improve,refine and standardize the management of new technologies,emphasizes that particular attention should be paid to the whole course quality control and link quality management, and appeals for special legislation on the management of new technologies.

TCM gel paste is a new transdermal medicine delivery system, with a lot of advantages, which has been widely used in clinic. By searching domestic research literature about TCM gel paste in recent years, this article reviewed from patent overview, matrix, transdermal absorption enhancer, preparation technology, quality evaluation, clinical efficacy and safety, problems and prospects, with a purpose to provide references for clinical medication of TCM gel paste.

Objective To study the changes of maternal serum lipid,free fatty acid levels and the neonatal arterial blood gas,lactic acid and myocardial enzyme levels in the patients with early-onset pre-eclampsia(EOPE) combine with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods One hundred and fifty cases EOPE patients were divided into EOPE+GDM group(observation group,n=67) and normal glucose tolerance EOPE group(control group,n=83) according to international association of diabetic pregnancy study group standard.The maternal BMI,serum lipid(TC,TG,LDL-C,very low density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C)),free fatty acid(FFA),HbA1c levels and the blood routine and biochemical tests were compared between two groups.The neonatal peripheral arterial blood-gas,lactate(LAC) and myocardial enzymes(creatine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)) levels within 1 h after birth were measured and compared between two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the impact of maternal glucose/lipid metabolic index,the birth condition on the neonatal LAC and CK-MB levels in EOPE patients.Results (1)In observation group,the patients had significantly higher BMI((32.66±4.23) kg/m2 vs.(29.98±5.44) kg/m2,t=4.904),TC((7.28±1.34) mmol/L vs.(6.65±0.76) mmol/L,t=5.760),TG((4.10±1.26) mmol/L vs.(3.51±0.71) mmol/L,t=4.199),LDL-C((4.85±1.24) mmol/L vs.(3.77±0.82) mmol/L,t=5.292),VLDL-C((1.91±0.37) mmol/L vs.(1.26±0.48) mmol/L,t=4.498),HbA1c((5.95±0.41)% vs.(5.20±0.37)%,t=8.821) levels than control group(P<0.05),and the patients had significantly elevating levels of LAC((5.76±3.32) mmol/L vs.(3.89±1.53) mmol/L,t=5.348) and CK((419.03±198.29) U/L vs.(323.22±154.38) U/L,t=6.632),CK-MB((218.97±86.74) U/L vs.(142.18±60.12) U/L,t=5.562),LDH((723.22±180.16) U/L vs.(584.57±139.81) U/L,t=4.987)(P<0.05).(2)Stepwise multiple regression showed that in patients with early-onset preeclampsia,maternal HbA1c(β=70.821,t=5.461),FFA levels(β=88.590,t=4.990),the gestational age (β=-8.776,t=-4.901) and the neonatal LAC levels(β=5.948,t=4.047) were the independent factors of newborn's CK-MB level.Conclusion In patients with early-onset preeclampsia combine with GDM,the disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are more severe.And the metabolic disturbance will further interfere with the perinatal material metabolism,resulting in the elevating levels of lactic acid and the potential myocardial injury in neonates.

Preterm birth is the core issue of neonatology and perinatology researches,and the incidence of preterm birth increasing overall in recent years.With the development of modem health care,preterm birth survival rate has been increasing to some extent,while the prognosis is poor because of serious complications.Epidemiological studies of preterm birth is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of premature infants,and this summary introduces the clinical epidemiology of preterm birth through the definition,incidence,related factors,major complication and so on.

Objective To get more understanding on the symptom,and laboratory characteristics of nonsecretory myeloma(NSM).Methods 11 patients with NSM were examined by immunoglobulins IgG,IgA,IgM,IgD,IgE and their light chains,electrophoresis(PE),immunofixation electrophoresis(IFE)and serum free light chain(FLC).Results All 11 patients had more serious bone pains.all had osteolytic bone lesions.All patients were negative in PE,IFE,urine FLC tests.2 newly diagnosed patients had increased serum FLC,abnormal k/λ ratio.1 patient had normal serum FLC and normal k/λ ratio.All 11 patients had more than 30%bone marrow plasma cells.Their overall survivals were same with the typical multiple myeloma(MM).Conclusion Most NSM have more serious bone pains,and osteolytic bone lesions.PE,IFE,urine FLC tests are negative.Newly diagnosed or refractory patients have increased serum FLC,abnormal k/λ ratio,plateau phase patients have normal or reduced serum FLC.Most NSM have more than 30%bone marrow plasma cells.The therapy and prognosis of NSM are same with typical MM.

Exudative erythoma multiforme is a related to the immune function of children with skin and mucosa,damage to its diversity of characteristics of acute non suppurative inflammation,one of the aller-gic diseases.The disease and its pathogenesis is complex,the body can cause multi system and multi organ damage,the cause has not yet entirely clear.In recent years,due to our understanding of the exudative erytho-ma multiforme gradually thorough,both domestic and abroad on the level of diagnosis and treatment of the disease have greatly improved,the prognosis of patients with exudative erythoma multiforme has improved significantly.The progress of the pathology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of exudative ery-thoma multiforme were summarized.

Mutiple myeloma(MM)has been associated with the hypercoagulable states and the development of venous thromboembolic events(VTE). Described pathogenetic mechanisms that are not exclusive to MM include the abnormality of blood clotting components,the dysfunction of fibrinolysis,the disorder of platelets,the abnormity of blood stream and blood viscosity,etc..It has been proved that high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),von Willebrand factor (vWF),increased production of inflammatory cytokines and higher expression of COX-2 in MM seem to be associated with the hypercoagulability. In addition, the treatment of MM may also result in the treatment-associated hypercoagulable states.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the serum galactomannan (GM) assay as a rapid detection method for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in haematological malignancy patients. Methods Thirty-nine patients with haematological malignancies at high risk of IFI were enrolled into this study. The criteria of high risk included fever (≥ 38℃) lasted for more than 96 hours, fever didn' t response to proper broad spectrum antibiotic or recurrenced after short period of response, and no antifungal drug was used in the last week. The GM assay in serum specimens were performed twice a week for 3 weeks. Thirty health donor were selected as control group to perform the serum GM assay. The sensitivity and specificity, the positive and negative predictive value (PV+, PV-) of GM assay in serum specimens were calculated and compared with traditional diagnosis methods. Results In the 39 patients, 31 patients were diagnosed as IFI by clinical evidence and the other 8 patients were diagnosed as bacteria infection. The cut-off of GM assay was 0.5. GM assay results showed that the positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, total consistent rate, PV+ and PV- were 80.6 %, 87.1%, 62.5%, 82.0%, 90.0 % and 55.6%, respectively. The Kappa rate was 0.474. In the 8 patients without IFI, 3 cases were GM positive and 2 BG positive. The time of the first positive GM assay was (2.8±4.8) d (ranged from 24 d before to 3 d after clinical diagnosis) before IFI was diagnosed. During antifungal treatment, the level of GM maintained highly in the patients with aggravation of IFI, and dropped with the IFI improving. Conclusion The results of GM assay were consistent with that of traditional IFI diagnosis. Compared with classical IFI diagnosis, the GM assay has the advantages of the early, rapid, and high sensitivity and specificity.