Sleep, learning and memory are all belonging to the brain essential functions .There is a long-standing standpoint that sleep supports memory consolidation which is convinced by many experiments .Sleep has a consolidation effect on memory and can help remolding short-term memory.Hence, researchers further discuss about the reciprocal relationships between sleep and learning and memory by establishing sleep-deprivation model .The present review focuses on the changes of neurotransmitters , immediate brain harm and gene related changes in order to discuss potential mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between them .

Objective:To compare the caries removal efficiency of Carisolv with that of drilling in deciduous teeth.Methods:Thirty-two children,aged from 6 to 9 years,with symmetric coronal medium or deep caries in deciduous teeth,were involved in the clinical study.According to a split-mouth design,in each patient,caries tissue was removed by using a round bur on one side,and Carisolv on the other side.After caries removal,the teeth were restored with composite resin.Patients were asked to fill in a postoperative questionnaire,including patient acceptance of technique preference.6 months after operation the restorations were checked.Results:The time(min) for Carisolv caries removal and for drilling method were 4.33?1.25 and 2.58?0.82 respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:Carisolv is a time-consuming technique,but the majority of patients accepte Carisolv because of less pain.Carisolv may have no effect on the incidence of marginal microleakage and secondary caries.

Transsexuals are specific humans who abandon their traditionally functional reproduction.However they may wish to have a child in the new-gender identity.At present in China,assisted reproductive technology(ART) should be limited to those female-to-male transsexuals with a female partner.The assisted reproductive institutions should keep the information for transsexuals confidential in the whole treatment procedure.In some cases,we could appeal to the ART ethics committee for support.Before sex reassignment surgery(SRS),the candidate transsexuals could preserve their fertility by cryo-storing germ cells,tissues and organs for future reproductive usage.

Matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) is an important gene in coloreetal cancer occurrence and development.MMP-9 can induce cell proliferation,angiogenesis and neoplasm infiltration,and then leads to coloreetal cancer invasion and metastasis.MMP-9 can not only play the role individually in coloreetal canccr invasion and migration,but also can cooperate with other genes.MMP-9 is a key protease in terminal metastasis of coloreetal cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of heavy specific gravity levobupivacaine in spinal block.Method:30 selective general surgical patients of ASAⅠ～Ⅱin obstetrics and gynecology were randomly di- vided into levobupivacaine group(L group)and bupivacaine group(B group).After opening the venous channel and transfusing equilibrium liquid 30 mins,the T 4-5 space was selected as the puncture site for the epidural puncture.The 2 medicaments were injected in the rate of 0.1 ml/s respectively.Then the anesthetizing onset time,maintenance time,time of motion blockade and restoration,effect of anesthesia,variations of blood pressure and heart rate and adverse drug reac- tion were observed.Result:The onset time was 82.61?22.10 s in L group and 59.30?21.50s in B group,respectively. The variations of SBP,DBP and HR in L group were less than those in B group.There was no significant difference in the 2 groups in maintenance time,time of motion blockade and restoration and effect of anesthesia.Conclusion:Compared with bupivacaine,heavy specific gravity levobupivacaine can make the same anesthesia effect with a steadier blood circulation. The specific gravity levobupivacaine is a safe and feasible drug for spinal anesthesia.

Objective To study the expression of Bcl-2 and E2F-1 in human adenomyosis and to explore the correlation between the expression and pathogenesis of human adenomyosis. Methods Immunohistochemical S-P method was employed to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and E2F-1 in 58 specimens of ectopic endometrium, eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis and 30 specimens of normal endometrium. Results The expression of Bcl-2 and E2F-1 in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis were significantly higher than those of normal endometrium (P

Multiple myeloma is one of the common hematological malignant disease,but the treatment response was not very promising with conventional and high-dose chemotherapy.There are many new medicines or new therapies having been developed in recent years,such as thalidomide and its derivant,proteasome inhibitors,arsenic trioxide etc,they are more effective than conventional chemotherapy,such as oral melphalan and prednisone(MP);vincristine,doxorubicin,and dexamethasone(VAD).This paper summarize the recent advances in the new options for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Objective To observe the Cordyceps extract on experimental rats with diabetic kidney and to explore its mechanism of action.Methods The rat models of diabetic were established by intraperitoneal injecting streptozotocin.Kidney weight and the index of kidney were measured,and 1,4,7weeks blood sugar,serum creatinine,urine microalbumin and urea were dynamically observed for evaluating Cordyceps extract on experimental rats with diabetic kidney.Results The 1,4,and 7 weeks of kidney weight was (0.662± 0.062) g,(0.670±0.061) g,(0.657±0.063) g,renal index was (0.312±0.041) ％,(0.309±0.402) ％,(0.311 ±0.0317) ％,serum creatinine was (0.51±0.03)mg/d1,(0.57±0.03)mg/d1,(0.52±0.02)mg/d1,albumin was (1.77±0.17)mg/24 h,(1.52±0.19)mg/24 h,(1.56±0.11)mg/24 h.urea was (90.71 ±0.37)mmol/L,(91.57±0.48) mmol/L,(90.56±0.39)mmol/L in the normal control group respectively.While in the model group,the value of kidney weight was (0.879±0.037)g,(0.912±0.038)g,(0.871±0.393)g,renal index was (0.494±0.039)％,(0.487±0.038)％,(0.465±0.235)％,serum creatinine was (3.71 ±0.14) mg/d1,(3.51±0.12) mg/d1,(3.32±0.11)mg/d1,urinary albumin was (7.29±0.22)mg/24 h,(7.11±0.34)mg/24 h,(7.14±0.21)mg/24 h.urea was (109.59± 8.42),(92.52±2.41),(90.71 ±0.67) respectively.Compared with the normal control group these values were decreased significantly in the model group (P＜0.05).In the Cordyceps sinensis group kidney weight was (0.837±0.036)g,(0.747±0.029)g,(0.694±0.357)g,renal index was (0.412±0.024)％,(0.395±0.037)％,(0.361±0.027)％,serum creatinine was (1.44±0.11)mg/d1,(0.81± 0.04) mg/d1,(0.62±0.03) mg/d1,urinaryalbumin was (5.71±0.25)mg,(4.52±0.21)mg,(3.96±0.15)mg,urea was (109.59± 8.42) mmol/L,(92.52±2.41) mmol/L,(90.71 ± 0.67) mmol/L respectively.Compared with the model group these values were decreased significantly(P＜0.05) in the Cordyceps sinensis group.Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis extract has a protective effect on kidney of diabetic rats.

Objective To observe the effects of embedding implantation of collagen and Tetramethylpyrazine in acupoints and electro-acupuncture on the expression of HSP70 in hippocampus of rat with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham operation group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, embedding medicine in acupoints group. Model of local ischemia was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion, preparation of implantation collagen and electro acupuncture and Tetramethylpyrazine was embedded in the acupoints of Dazhui and Neiguan two-sided. The expression of HSP-70 protein in hippocampus of different time point (24, 72, 120 h) was assayed by immunohistochemistry. Results There were only few positive cells of HSP-70 in normal group and sham operation group. The expression of HSP-70 in each therapy group were all heightened, and achieved the peak 24 h later and then declined in brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion, the differences were relatively prominent compared with the same phase model group (P