OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the quality management of hospital preparation in medical institution.METHODS:The relationship between the cause for some typical ADR events such as "Armillarisin A Injury","Xinfu Injury","Methotrexate Injury","Aesculus Wilsonii Rehd Injury" and drug production were discussed and analyzed by combining with status quo of preparation management in hospital.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Above ADR events were connected with quality management in drug production closely.The quality management system of hospital preparation should be established to strengthen management of whole preparation process and guarantee the safety of hospital preparation.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor is recently added to the list of effective lipid-lowering drugs in addition to statins, which can reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol, treat increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients. In the past 30 years, the prevalence of dyslipidemia increased significantly. LDL-C characterized dyslipidemia is an important risk factor of ASCVD and a part of metabolic syndrome, which exists before or after or at the same time of the appearance of obesity, diabetes, and glucose intolerance, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Decreasing LDL-C level can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality risk of ASCVD. In this paper, the research on the regulation of dyslipidemia by PCSK9 inhibitors is discussed.

Diabetic mellitus induced erectile dysfunction (DIED) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which seriously affects the physical and mental health of male T2DM patients. The occurrence of DIED involves a variety of pathophysiological changes such as vascular tissue, nerve, endocrine and so on. But the traditional treatment of erectile dysfunction is not ideal for DIED. Glucagon like peptide (GLP)- 1 receptor agonist has been widely used as a new drug for the treatment of diabetes, and the representative drugs are exenatide and liraglutide. Existing research shows that it can improve endothelial cell function, neuropathy and sex hormone secretion, reduce body weight and insulin resistance. Therefore, these drugs may be a new choice for patients with DIED.

AIM: To study the expression of Survivin and its relationship to prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: The expression of Survivin protein in 83 cases of HCC and their neighboring noncancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Survivin mRNA in 11 cases of HCC and their neighboring noncancerous tissues was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Survivin protein expression was detected in 53 of 83 (63.9%) HCC tissues and 21 of 53 (39.6%) corresponding noncancerous tissues. 22 of 53 Survivin-positive HCCs (41.5%) showed punctate nuclear staining in HCC cells, 24 of 53 Survivin-positive HCCs (45.3%) showed cytoplasmic staining in HCC cells and the remaining 7 showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. The positive rates of nuclear Survivin expression in cases of envelope invasion or tumor metastasis were significantly higher than those in cases without envelope invasion or tumor metastasis (P

Objective Cystatin C (CysC) is a cysteine protease inhibitor,is widely expressed in human eukaryotic cells,CysC involved in diabetic nephropathy,retinopathy,peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes,insulin resistance occurs Development,as a predictor of type 2 diabetes and complications

[Objective] To investigate the expression of NF-κB and IL-lra in gastric cancer, and to explore their correlation with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). [Methods] Expression of NF-κB and IL-1ra was detected by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarry of 359 cases of GC. [Results] The expression rates of NF-κB in the patients with metastasis of lymph node, TNM Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage, and poorly differentiated of histology were 80.2%, 80.0%, and 79.2%, respectively. The expression rates of IL-1ra in the patients with tumor size ≤3 cm, early stage, non-metastasis of lymph node, and TNM Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage were 61.7%, 75.0%, 66.4%, and 61.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the cases with non-expressed NF-κB was statistically higher than that of the cases with expressed NF-κB(P=0.036). The 5-year survival rate of the patients with negative expression of NF-κB and positive expression of IL-1ra was statistically higher than the others (P=0.021). [Conclusions] NF-κB is the adverse predictors of prognosis of gastric cancer. IL-1ra maybe play a protective role in early gastric cancer stage, but it is necessary to study deeply and get more evidences.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of hydrosalpinx and to investigate its clinical value.Methods MRI and ultrasound manifestations in 40 patients with hydrosalpinx in 53 fallopian tubes confirmed by operative and pathological findings were analyzed retrospectively,and these findings were also compared with the results of aparoscopy and pathology.Results Among 53 fallopian tubes with hydrosalpinx,bilateral tubes in 13 patients and 27 unilateral tubes in other patients were found.The tubes were botuliform in 32, retort-shaped in 1 6,pouch-shaped in 5.Incomplete separation of the lumen were found in 1 9.In 9 patients with acute salpingitis,1 5 tubes were found with empyema and expansion.In other 31 patients with chronic salpingitis,38 tubes were with hydrops and expansion,14 of whom were with hematocele.The sensibilities of MRI and ultrasound diagnosis for hydrosalpinx were 94.3%(50/53)and 88.7%(47/53)with no statistical differences(P >0.05),however the specificitis were 90.6%(48/53)and 77.6%(41/53)with obvious statistical differences(P <0.05).Conclusion The locating and qualitative diagnosis of MRI for hydrosalpinx is superior to ultrasound.MRI can discriminate the quality of cyst fluid and thus can definitely diagnose the hydrosalpinx caused by acute or chronic salpingitis.

Objective To compare WHO 2004 and WHO 1973 pathological grading methods of non-muscle invasive urothelial neoplasms. Methods The clinical pathological features of 160 non-muscle invasive urothelial neoplasms patients, treated in our hospital from February, 1998 to Decem-ber, 2008, were re-graded according to WHO 2004 and WHO 1973 classification system. To evaluate recurrence and progression of all the patients during the follow up period, we used statistical method to analyses the differences between two classification system. Results There were 160 patients, ac-cording to WHO 1973 classification methods: 5 cases of papilloma, 52 cases of grade 1 tumors, 83 ca-ses of grade 2 and 20 cases of grade 3;By WHO 2004 classification method: 7 cases of papilloma, 31 cases of low-grade malignant potential of urothelial papilloma, 99 cases of low-grade papillary urotheli-al carcinoma and 23 cases of high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. There was no difference in re-currence among the grades of WHO 2004 and WHO 1973 pathological grading system (both P>0.05). Regarding the progress of non-muscle invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms, no significant difference was found among grades of WHO 1973 classification system(P>0.05)while difference exis-ted among grades of WHO 2004 pathological grading system (P<0.05), especially between papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential (PNLMP) and high grade papillary urothelial carcinomas(HG-PUC) (P<0.01). Moreover, HGPUC grade had more progression rate (30.4%) than G_3 grade (15.0%). Conclusions Compare to G_3 grade, HGPUC grade was more easily to make progress in pa-tients,due to this grade include more high malignant papillary urothelial carcinomas. Therefore, it is necessary for urologists to use a more rigorously follow up and therapy method in connection with HG-PUC grade of new classification system.

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the common long-term complications of diabetes,which occurs in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system,and its most common type is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can not only cause pain,numbness and limitation of activity in limbs,but also lead to diabetic foot ulcers even amputations due to hypoesthesia and anesthesia,ultimately affects the quality of life of patients with diabetes and increases the mortality.Nearly half of patients with DPN do not have any clinical symptoms,thus the early detection and diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy are particularly critical.Current perception threshold (CPT) evaluation is considered as a mean of early detection of DPN,which gains more and more attentions because of its non-invasive feature,simple operation and high sensitivity.So far,there is scarcely any article summarizing CPT evaluations' applications in researching the relationships between DPN and its risk factors.This review will discuss the principles and advantages of CPT evaluations,and its relationship with DPN will also be summarized as follows.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to the heart disease without coronary artery disease and hypertension,diabetic patients with ventricular dysfunction.The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear.Protein and lipid kinase phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3Ks) are thought to regulate cardiac damage in diabetes mellitus.This article reviews the role of PI3K subtypes and downstream signal transduction in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy,including cardiac metabolic regulation,contractility,hypertrophy,cardiomyocyte death and inflammation.