At present,hepatectomy are recognized as the firsttreatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).However,the patients have high frequency of recurrence after operation.In China,Most of the patients with HCC are related to chronic hepatitis B infection.The hepatitis B virus(HBV) factors such as:genotype,status of hepatitis B e antigen,HBV DNA level in serum and HBV DNA level in liver tissue influence the recurrence of tumors.Antiviral therapy,especially interferon therapy may be the effective method to prevent recurrence.HBV status also can influence the recurrence rate after transplant.

Hepatic failure following partial liver resection is a major complication and a cause of perioperative mortality for patients with primary liver cancer. Today, many different tests have been established for liver function evaluation. These tests contain conventional tests and quantitative tests.Furthermore, we should combine them to precisely evaluate hepatic functional reserve.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combined laparoscopic and endoscopic treatment for cholelith of gallbladder and common bile duct(CBD).Methods Diagnosis was established in 44 patients by ERCP , and endoscopic Oddi′s sphincteromy (EST) was performed in all patients, then choledocholith was removed by endoscopic netbasket and balloon. 3～5 days after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) was carried out. Results The success rate of combined treatment in this study was 98%(43/44), and stones were removed in 100%(44/44). There was no conversion to open surgery in our series, and no severe complications. All patients were discharged in 5～15 days postoperatively. Conclusions Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic procedure is a safe and effctive method to treat patients suffering from cholelith of the gallbladder and CBD.

Bilingual teaching was taken into the part of computed tomography(CT)teaching in the medical image equipment for 2003 grade image undergraduates.In order to know the students' demands to the bilingual teaching as well as the students' requests in the bilingual teaching implementation process,the questionnaire was carried on to the students;at the same time the bilingual teaching test result was analyzed so as to evaluate its teaching effect.

BACKGROUND:Autophagy can occur in chondrocytes under the low supply of nutrients. Different from necrosis and apoptosis, autophagy can make chondrocytes survive in insufficient supply of nutrients, which may be an important mechanism for the self-protection of chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism and effect of autophagy gene to protect the articular cartilage and inhibit osteoarthritis. METHODS:A computer-based search was perform in CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed to retrieve articles addressing autophagy gene and osteoarthritis published from January 2000 to January 2015. The keywords were autophagy, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage, chondrocytes in Chinese and autophagy, osteoarthritis, beclin1, LC3 in English. Totaly 269 articles were initialy searched, and finaly, 38 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Apoptosis of damaged chondrocytes is the main mechanism of articular cartilage degeneration, which can further develop into osteoarthritis. The damage and death of cels is one of the important mechanisms of cartilage degeneration, thus, to prevent damaged chondrocyte apoptosis may help cartilage repair, thus aleviating the progression of osteoarthritis. Autophagy can inhibit damaged chondrocyte apoptosis, which changes the limitations of traditional treatments for osteoarthritis. However, the current research on autophagy genes associated with osteoarthritis is stil at the primary stage, and further studies are needed on how to induce authopagy pathway in the cartilage, how to do the signal transduction and how to have an effect on the survival of chondrocytes.

BACKGROUND: Now, the current study has not yet confirmed two treatment methods of the proximal femoral nail antirotation and total hip arthroplasty for treating intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly, which method has more advantages, and there is no clear conclusion at present. OBJECTIVE: To systematical y compare the repair effect of proximal femoral nail antirotation and total hip arthroplasty for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. METHODS: We searched the related literatures from 2011 to 2015 on Wanfang database, PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase database by computer. We retrieved the journals in China by hand and col ected randomized control ed trials on proximal femoral nail antirotation and total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, hospitalization time, ambulation time after operation, and Harris score were selected as evaluation indexes. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Final y, 7 Chinese literatures were included, with 811 patients. The results of meta analysis showed that the hospitalization time and ambulation time after operation were significantly shorter in the total hip arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (P < 0.000 01), which reduced the pain of patients. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were poorer in the total hip arthroplasty group than in the proximal femoral nail antirotation group (P < 0.000 01). No significant difference in Harris hip score was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). These results confirmed that the internal fixation of proximal femoral nail antirotation in minimal y invasive therapy when reducing operation time and blood loss has a certain advantage. The total hip arthroplasty can make the recovery of hip function earlier, al ow early weight-bearing walking, reduce the patients’ bedridden time and reduce the complications in bed. Thus, the clinicians in the practical work should choose the appropriate therapy with considering the patient’s condition, damage degree, fracture type, and financial capability.

BACKGROUND:At present, a large number of studies have confirmed that reconstruction plate compared to Kirschner wire in the treatment of clavicular fracture showed good effects, but there is no precise report on the specific advantages at present. Clinical randomized controled study is less, and lacks of systematic evaluation. OBJECTIVE:To systematicaly evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of the clavicle fractures with the reconstruction plate and the Kirschner wire by using a meta-analysis. METHODS: We retrieved the MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database from 2008 to 2015 by computer to colect al controled study relevant to reconstruction plate and Kirschner wire in the treatment of clavicle fracture, and screened the literatures that met the inclusion criteria. Al literatures were analyzed in strict quality evaluation. Excelent rate, delayed healing of incision, malunion, postoperative infection, loosening of internal fixation, postoperative fracture displacement, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and fracture healing time were selected as the evaluation indexes of a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.2 software from the Cochrane Colaboration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finaly 12 Chinese articles published from 2008 to 2014 were included, with 911 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with Kirschner wire, the reconstruction plate has a certain advantage in improving the excelent and good rate, shortening the delayed wound healing and reducing deformity healing, reducing postoperative infection, preventing the loosening of internal fixation and avoiding postoperative fracture displacement. However, the two surgical methods in the treatment of clavicular fracture were not significant in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time. These results suggest that compared with the Kirschner wire, reconstruction plate fixation for treatment of clavicular fracture had better curative effect. The reconstruction plate can be firstly selected in the permit of patient economic conditions and hospital conditions. Due to the limited sample size in this study, the multicenter, large-sample and long-term clinical randomized controled studies with more strict design are needed to increase the reliability of the evidence.

BACKGROUND:Now a lot of studies have confirmed that in contrast with the dynamic hip screw, the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation has a better therapeutic effect on the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly, but there is no definite conclusion on the specific superiority at present. OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effects of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and dynamic hip screw in repair of intertrochanteric fracture using a meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched VIP database, Wanfang database, PubMed database and Embase database from 2011 to 2015, and colected randomized controled trials on proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and dynamic hip screw in repair of intertrochanteric fracture. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stays, fracture healing time, Harris score, length of incision, bed time walking after the operation were used as evaluation indexes of meta analysis. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the end, we used 9 literatures, which contained 858 patients of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. The time of publication was from 2011 to 2015, and al of them were published in Chinese. The results of Meta-analysis showed that, compared with dynamic hip screw, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly could effectively reduce operation time, blood loss, hospital stays, fracture healing time, length of incision and the time of walking after the operation was earlier, and it could obtain better recovery of hip function. We can point out that compared with dynamic hip screw, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation has certain advantages in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. In some conditions, the patients and the hospitals can give priority to choose the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.

Objective To explore the effect of intracavitary therapy on acute pulmonary embohsm.Methods Fifteen patients were selected as our subjects,who suffered acute pulmonary embolism and received percutaneous catheter thrombus crashing and catheter directed thrombolysis in Beijing Military.Region General Hospital from January 2009 to June 2011.Local injection of Urokinase was performed with a total amount of 500 000 U in catheter directed thrombolysis.After thrombolysis,low molecular Heparin was administered to patients for 7-10 days and oral administration of Warfarin was performed for 3-6 months.Clinical symptoms,improvement of physical signs,complications,changes of mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PO2),and the opening of pulmonary artery were recorded.Results The pulmonary arteries of the 12 patients were completely opened,and partially opened in 3 patients.The effective rate was 100％ (15/15).mPAP was reduced from (40.07 ±5.97) mmHg to (20.00 ±4.66) mmHg (t =-1.128,P ＜ 0.05),PO2 was increased from (50.26 ± 9.30) mmHg to (80.49 ± 9.04) mmHg (t =1.246,P ＜ 0.05).Patients were followed-up for 3-6 months and no recurrence case was seen.Conclusion The interventional therapy is effective,safe and practicable in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers are specific molecules to identify CSCs.Recent findings demonstrate that CSCs markers associated with colorectal cancer mainly include CD133,CD29,CD166,CD44,Nanog,etc.These markers can take park in the initiation and progression of cancers by various molecular mechanisms,which have the potential to be used as therapeutic targets as well as prognostic indicators.