BACKGROUND:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the primary treatment method for ACL rupture. Currently, studies on ACL reconstruction involve histology and embryology, anatomical structure, biomechanics, reconstruction materials, operating technology, and rehabilitation after reconstruction. However, clinical epidemiological studies describing ACL rupture and reconstruction remain scarce. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics of ACL rupture and reconstruction to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of ACL rupture. METHODS:Data of 352 patients forage, gender, cause and mechanism of injury,treatment time, and the impact of ACL rupture on menisci and articular cartilage were gathered. Meanwhile, the events during surgery, operation methods and reconstruction materials were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:ACL rupture mostly occurred in young men,andhappened more often to theleft knee; male patients got hurt in basketbal, footbal and accidental injuries,whilefemale patients got hurt in the accidental injuries, badminton and sking injuries, internal rotation with valgus stress accounted for the predominant injury mechanism. The ACL reconstruction wasmostlyperformedwithin1-3 months after ACL rupture, often accompanied by meniscal and articular cartilage damage. Lateral meniscus injury incidence was relatively stable, medial meniscusinjury incidence increased significantly over the half year after ACL rupture. Most articular cartilage injury occurred to patelar cartilage.Asignificant increase in medial condylar cartilage damage over 1 year after ACL rupturewas often observed. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction was the primary surgical approach, the resident ridge and the lateral bifurcate ridge could be used to position bone tunnel and autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon were the most commonly used reconstructionmaterials. Our results indicate that anatomic ACL reconstruction should be performed as early as possibleinrestore knee joint stability and prevent secondary injury of the medial meniscus and cartilage of medial femoral condyle.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the most common cause in the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Drug transporters play an important role in multidrug resistance in cancer. Activation of drug pumps which belong to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters leads to the efflux of drug via cell membrane.Three subgroups of ABC transporters are involved in the transport of cytotoxic drugs.These transporters include ABCB subgroup,ABCC subgroup and ABCG subgroup. In this review,the author discussed the recent research advances in the ABC transporters associated with MDR.

The genetic phenotypes of apo-E and subfractions of plasma apo-C(CⅡ, CⅢ_0, CⅢ_1, CⅢ_2) were studied in types of hyperlipoproteinemia patients. The results showed that among these patients, the concentration of plasma TG of those with apo-E_2/E_3 phenotype were higher than those with apo-E_3/E_3 or E_3/E_4, phenotypes (P

Objective To investigate the relationship between individual pharmacokinetics characteristics of cyclosporine (CsA) and the occurrence of acute rejection episodes or CsA-induced nephrotoxicities in kidney transplants. Methods The whole blood CsA concentrations were assayed 7 days after oral admi- nistration with a dosage of 6 mg/kg daily in 47 recipients. The blood samples drawn just prior to ingestion of the dose and subsequently at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 h later were monitored with TDX. Recipients were grouped according to the varied situations of kidney transplant functions within one month after pharmacokinetics monitoring. Pharmacokinetics parameters of C_0, C_ max , T_ max , CL/F, T_ 1/2(a) , T_ 1/2(e) and AUC in each group were calculated and compared among the groups. Results Of 47 recipients, 12 cases had experienced AR episodes, 7 cases had suffered CsA-NT, and the remaining 26 cases survived with stable graft functions. Major pharmacokinetics parameters in AR group were T_ 1/2(a) , T_ 1/2(e) , CL/F, T_ max and AUC, which were significantly different from the corresponding parameters in the group with stable graft function. Pharmacokinetics curve of AR group was characterized with a earlier T_ max (usually less than 2 h), a sharp absorb peak and a abbreviated AUC, T_ 1/2(e) , CL/F, T_ max , and AUC in CsA-NT group, which was also significantly varied from that in the stable group. The curve of CsA-NT group, with a delayed T_ max (often more than 2 h), a broad absorb peak or double peaks, however, was predominantly distinguished from the previous AR curve. Levels of C_0 in the three groups were comparable when AR or CsA-NT occurred. Conclusion Pharmacokinetics monitoring accomplished by multiple point CsA level samples over the entire 12 h dosing interval is a more accurate assessment for drug exposure. It is suggested that patients who absorb and eliminate CsA quickly are likely to experience AR episodes. Meanwhile, those poor eliminators are at risk to suffer CsA-NT.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for tonifying the kidney, invigorating the spleen and promoting blood circulation, on tibial stress injuries in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-five mature male rabbits were used in the experiment, and randomly divided into 7 groups: sedentary control (SC) group, 1-week exercise (E-1W) group, 2-week exercise (E-2W) group, 3-week exercise (E-3W) group, 4-week exercise (E-4W) group, 3-week exercise and 1-week Chinese herbal medicine treatment (EMT-1W) group, and 4-week exercise and 2-week Chinese herbal medicine treatment (EMT-2W) group. There were 5 rabbits in each group. A rabbit model of tibial stress injuries was established by stimulating the rabbits to jump and run within a high-voltage and low-current electronic cage. Radiologic features, bone scintigraphy, histology and electron microscopy of rabbit tibia were observed, and the content of blood parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone gla protein (BGP) and testosterone was detected by using radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS: After 2-week exercise, changes in histology and osteocytes had a tendency towards stress injuries. Serum PTH and BGP levels were remarkably increased, while serum testosterone level was lower than that in the SC group. Three- and four-week continuous exercise resulted in tibial stress injuries, and the positive changes were observed in X-ray features and radionuclide images. Compared with E-3W group, the levels of serum BGP and testosterone were decreased remarkably. A series of positive results such as prevailing negativeness of X-ray features and radionuclide images, increasing process of osteogenesis, typical osteogenic phase of osteocytes and favorable transformation of biochemical markers was shown in EMT-1W and EMT-2W groups. It also showed remarkable rising levels of serum BGP and testosterone and remarkable reducing level of serum PTH in EMT-1W and EMT-2W groups as compared with E-1W and E-2W groups. CONCLUSION: Bushen Jianpi Huoxue Recipe can prevent and treat exercise-induced tibial stress injuries by stimulating new bone formation and increasing serum testosterone level.

Nogo receptor is specific inhibiting factor conjuncted with myelin of central nervous system(CNS).After spinal cord injury,oligodendroglial cell and Nogo-A released from myelin inside cells inhibited the axonal regeneration.To analyze the intervention for Nogo receptor through molecule outside cell,information inside cell and gene,make clearing the inhibiting action of myelin-associated inhibiting factor-1,provide new thoughts and methods about axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Objective To study the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between complete and incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Methods 177 cases of acute cervical spinal cord injury were observed from April 2007 to July 2010. According to ASIA classification, 52 cases of grade A involved in observation group, while 125 cases of grades B~D involved in control group. Intervention included low molecular weight heparin and rehabilitation training. Incidence of VTE in two groups was compared. Results There was 11 cases complicated with VTE in the observation group (21.2%) while 6 cases in the control group (4.8%). There was a difference in incidence of VTE between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a higher incidence of VTE in complete than incomplete cervical spinal cord injury

21 8 patients with acute pulpitis were randomly divided into 2 groups.1 09 cases were treated by Depulpin inactivation agent (group DI)for emergency management,another 1 09 cases were treated by pulp drainage with phenol camphor cotton ball(group CP).The effective analgesia rate of DI and CP group was 95.4% and 69.7% respectively(P<0.001 ).

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features for pulmonary cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans,and to improve diagnosis and treatment of the disease.METHODS The clinical features of inpatients with pulmonary cryptococcosis were studied retrospectively.RESULTS There were nine cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis from 1999 to 2006 of all inpatients in our hospital.Mals 5(56%),females 4(44%),and 3 cases(33%) were more than 60 years old.Three cases(33%) were immunocompromised hosts,6 cases(67%) had clinical symptoms.Chest X-ray and computed tomography were various included single or poly patching or nodule shadows,some had cavity(33%) and some had pleural effusions(22%).Six cases had positive results with serum cryptococcal antigen test.All nine patients were treated with fluconazole and improved or cured.CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary cryptococcosis is seldom seen in clinic,it can be observed in humans with normal immune responses or immunocompromised hosts and has no significant clinic manifestations,serum cryptococcal antigen test is helpful,definitive diagnosis needs early lung biopsy.The therapeutic effect is well.