Cancer prevention and treatment have developed from evidence-based model into personalized model.Precise medicine has been developed in recent years.It is very important to incorporate personalized and precise idea into clinical practice and makes it accepted by the public.It is also a long way to go to provide precise service for numerous cancer patients through the research using special resource of our country.

DNA double strand breaks are potentially lethal DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation, which can be repaired by homologous recombination and non- homologous end joining. Inhibition of the expression and function of genes in double strand breaks repair pathways using RNA interference and anti- sense techniques could improve the radiosensitivity of cancer cells.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC,especially for patients who cannot undergo surgery.Compared with other imaging modalities,PET/CT has higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and staging of NSCLC as well as higher prediction value for prognosis.The progress of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluation of the therapeutic response and prognosis after SBRT for early-stage NSCLC is summarized in this review.

Radioactive esophagitis is one of the most common complications in thoracic tumor radiotherapy,biological factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),miRNAs,and HIV infection may play key roles in the occurrence and development of radioactive esophagitis,and they have become an active field in protection areas of radiotherapy.We can identify the patients who may cause radioactive esophageal in high dose radiotherapy as early as possible,and modify the treatment plan to protect the esophagus.Therefore the biological factors of radioactive esophagitis are of important clinical significance.

In China, most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease on first admission. These patients were treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy. However, the 5-year overall survival rate is still low. Immunocheckpoint blockades adjust the immune function, dispatch immune escape, enhance T cell activation, and kill tumor cells. Immunocheckpoint blockade becomes one of the important methods of anti-tumor treatments. This approach may also change the model of NSCLC treatment because of its promising anti-tumor activity. This review summarizes the clinical trials on immu-nocheckpoint blockades in NSCLC and the possibility of combining this technique with other treatments.

Hypoxia is an inherent feature of the majority of solid tumors,which can increase the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy,promote tumor angiogenesis and lead to poor prognosis.Therefore,targeting the hypoxic tumor cells has become a spot in cancer therapy.Bioreduction drugs can be activated by a specific reduction to become cytotoxic metabolites,thus killing hypoxic tumor cells,while small molecular targeting inhibitors can selectively act on the key point of hypoxia pathway.They have paved a new way for hypoxia targeted therapy.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect on the treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head by core decompression with autograft of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Methods Nineteen patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head,including 8 cases of phase I,6 cases of phase II and 5 cases of phase III based on ARCO classification,were treated with core decompression with autograft of MSCs.Results The patients were followed up for one year.The average ratio of necrosis zone diminished from 31.88% to 13.18%.The Harris hip score was increased significantly.Conclusion The treatment of core decompression with autograft of MSCs is safe and effective,and it deserves to application in early necrosis of femoral head.

The microorganism in human body is related to human health and disease,which plays a significant role in the exclusion of pathogen invading,participation of immune regulation and occurrence and development of the tumors.Studies have indicated that dysbacteriosis is often detected in cancer patients;especially,enteric dysbacteriosis can promote the occurrence and development of the tumors by influencing homeostatic balance of intestinal tract,gut metabolite and immunological function.Moreover,proportion detection of intestinal flora can be used as a non-invasive screening method and a diagnostic indicator for early detection of the malignant neoplasms.This review summarizes the recent studies on the associations of intestinal flora with human diseases and the possible mechanisms causing tumorigenesis,which may provide a novel research paradigm for cancer prevention and treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) in the treatment of central lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. 36 patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis were treated by unilateral dual channel spinal endoscopy who underwent Beijing Mentougou District Hospital from November 2019 to September 2021 were collected. There were 19 males and 17 females, including 11 cases of L 5-S 1, 19 cases of L 4-L 5 and 6 cases of L 3-L 4; The age was (70.0±3.9) years old, and ranged from 55 to 82 years old. The observation indicators: the changes of dural sac area in lumbar magnetic resonance cross-section before and after surgery, and the improvement of visual analogue of pain (VAS) score and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) before and after surgery in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, as well as the occurrence of complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and comprison between groups was conducted using the t test; Comprison between groups of count data was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results:Postoperative MRI showed that the area of the transverse dural sac increased from (65.5±6.7) mm 2 before operation to (173.5±5.5) mm 2 after operation after the removal of the ligamentum flavum ( P<0.05). The follow-up of 36 patients for 12 months after operation showed that the VAS score decreased from (8.5±2.0) scores to (1.3±0.8) scores, and the ODI decreased from (59.3±12.3)% to (13.6±1.6)%( P<0.05). No complications such as nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infection related to operation occurred in 36 patients. Conclusions:Unilateral biportal endoscopy is one of the safe and effective treatment methods in the treatment of central lumbar spinal stenosis, with obvious improvement in symptoms, and the increase in the area of the spinal dural sac. It can obtain good early clinical effects.