Objective To create a new animal model which can preferably simulate the human's scoliosis. Methods Forty-five 4-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 underwent subcutaneous left scapula-to-contralateral ilium tethering procedure with a non-absorbable suture,which made the spine convex towards right side, and then removed forelimbs and tails of rats to create the bipedal rats. Tethering sutures were cut at postoperative 8th week, and the spines of rats were then observed during 2 weeks. Group 2 were the same as group 1 but in which scapula-to-ipsilateral ilium tethering procedure was performed. Group 3 were the same as group 1 except that the bipedal rats were not created. All postoperative rats were fed separately in special high cages for group 1 and group 2 or in standard cages for group 3. Operative duration, postoperative first food-taking duration, operative mortality, body weight, relative length of the spinal cord, Cobb angles in the coronal and sagittal planes, modeling mortality, the incidences of re-operation, scoliosis and vertebral rotation among the 3 groups were compared. Results There were no significant differences in the degree of scoliosis or kyphosis among the 3 groups at the time of initial tethering. At 2 weeks after tether release, the incidence of vertebral rotation was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (86.7% vs. 33.3%), and the degree of scoliosis or kyphosis was significantly larger in group 1 than group 3 (coronal plane: 30.2°±10.4° vs. 20.5°±7.7°; sagittal plane: 55.6°±10.0° vs. 43.8°±6.3°). There was no significant difference in postoperative first food-taking duration among the 3 groups, and no death of rats occurred in all groups during intraoperative and postoperative 6 hours, although operative duration was significantly longer in group 1 or group 2 than group 3. There were no significant differences in body weight,relative length of the spinal cord, modeling mortality, the incidences of re-operation and scoliosis among the 3 groups. Conclusion The bevel and axial loads of the vertebrae can significantly enhance the incidence of vertebral rotation and the degree of kyphoscoliosis, respectively. The scoliosis model created by scapula-to-contralateral ilium tethering procedure in bipedal rats can preferably simulate the human's scoliosis.

Doctors in the past dynasties always used ephedra to treat disease of exogenous wind-cold,cough,asthma and edema,but ignored its application in treating arthromyodynia.It could be deduced from the record of the books of Chinese medicine and prescriptions that ephedra had the nature of pungent and warm,could dispel wind and remove wetness,warm channel and expel cold,remove obstruction in collaterals.All of those were correspondent with the pathogenesis of arthromyodynia.Thus,ephedra can be widely used in types of arthromyodynia.Proven case was also included in this article.

Objective: Pervious RT-PCR results revealed the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao San in treating rats of syndrome of liver invading the spleen. This experiment was designed to explore CIS rats’ immunohistochemistry findings in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA after suppressing both amygdaloid AMPA receptors by microinjection of CNQX. To compare Xiaoyao San group with CNQX group, and to analysis of these findings may prove the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao san treating this syndrome. Methods: 75 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: normal group, CIS group, sham-operation group, CNQX group and Xiaoyao San group. The number of GluR2 positive cells in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA in these 5 groups were examined by immunohistochemistry test. Results: Compared with control group, the number of GluR2 positive cells decreased in hippocampal subregion CA1. Statistical analysis showed that no difference existed in control, CNQX and Xiaoyao San groups in CA1 region. Except CNQX group, tendency of changes were contradictory in BLA and CA1 region. In addition, the least in BLA in CNQX group. This finding revealed that Xiaoyao San may act the same as CNQX, thus Xiaoyao San afforded effective protection against this depression syndrome through suppression of both amygdaloid excitability. Conclusion: The balance coordination between hippocampus and amygdala may be the key in transformation from adaption to damage in a state of stress, was one of the central mechanisms of liver governing smoothing qi flow (LGSQF) on regulating the stress. Xiaoyao San may effectively regulate the balance of the excitability of hippocampus and amygdala. This hypothesis may reveal the regulation channel on Xiaoyao San affording effective protection against liver invading the spleen syndrome.

Objective To explore and develop methods for encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) identification.Methods According to the genetic sequence VR-129B of EMCV recorded in the GenBank,five gene fragments were selected to design primer sequence pairs.RNA was extracted to run RT-PCR,and then the products of amplification were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis.The results of DNA sequences were compared with the sequences in GenBank of the same EMCV strains.Antiserum was prepared based on the EMCV cultured in RK cells for establishing indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and neutralization test method,and verification for precision and specificity of the two methods were carried out after it.Antiserum that was prepared with GST-VP1 and GST-VP2 expressed in E.coli was reacted with the purified EMCV in Western blot test.Results By sequencing and comparing,the similarity of DNA fragments between the obtained and the GenBank recorded was reached 98％ to 100％.The antiserum of No.20100901 batch that was chosen as the first antibody at a dilution of 1 ∶ 160 to develop IIFA brought about a better specificity.The neutralization titers of 20100901 batch antiserum was 1 ∶ 30 211 measured by fixing virus and diluting serum method,which showed good specificity and precision.The results of the Western blot test showed two clear bands above and under 33×103 respectively,which matched the theoretical value.Conclusion The RT-PCR,indirect immunofluorescence,neutralization test and Western blot method for EMCV strains identification were established initially.

Tujia ethnic medical science is an important sub-discipline of China's ethnic medicine system, which has rooted in major Tujia ethnic area such as Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and Chongqing. It has its own theory, medication characteristic and experi-ence towards ethnic drugs. Particularly, in medication incompatibility, it has formed the principle of thirteen or fourteen incompatible medicament of traditional Tujia ethnic drugs, which play a certain role in guiding the usage and compatibility of tens of thousands of herbs. Focusing on the incompatibility that is abided by Tujia medical workers, the essay makes a textual study on the origin of herbs and conducts a preliminary study on the theoretical basis of thirteen or fourteen incompatible medicaments in terms of four properties of drugs and toxic and side-effect by reference to the records on nature and flavor and effectiveness, with a view of providing a preference to improve the incompatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicines and new ideas to further studies on the development and application of traditional ethnic drugs.
China ; ethnology ; Drug Incompatibility ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective: To observe the changes of Notch signaling pathway related molecule expression in hippocampus of rats with stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome and to explore the regulatory effect of Xiaoyaosan. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, model group, model+xiayaosan group and model+fluoxetine group, each group had 12 rats. The stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency model was established by chronic immobilization stress for 21 days. Detection of Nissl bodies by Nissl staining, expression of NICD, Hes1, Hes5 and Jad1 were detected by Fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western-blot method. Results: Compared with the normal group, the number of Nissl bodies in the model group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse it (P ＜ 0.01). The expression of Notch signaling pathway-related protein in model group was significantly lower than that in normal group (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse the expression of NICD, Hes5 and Jag1 protein (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the expression of each gene in the model group decreased (P ＜ 0.01), which showed that Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine could reverse the expression of NICD, Hes1 and Hes5 mRNA (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The hippocampal neurons of rats with stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency syndrome were damaged and the Nissl bodies were reduced, the expression of each protein and gene in Notch signaling pathway decreased. Xiaoyaosan may play a therapeutic role by regulating the expression level of hippocampal related molecules to protect neurons.

Objective To assess the health status of rodent laboratory animals by pathological diagnosis, our lab has being take apart in investigating the quality of laboratory animals in Beijing area for years and offer some advices for standardized breeding to ensure accurate results of scientific research.This paper focuses on the analysis of laboratory rodent samples that collected in October 2014.Methods We collected the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine and small intestine, and put these organs into 10%Calcium formaldehyde solution for fixation, and then prepared into two different sections for optical microscopy observation including all paraffin specimens stained with H&E and the frozen sections stained with Oil Red-O and PAS.Results The vast majority of laboratory rodents were up to standard, but there still a problem in individual units.The main problem is liver and lung disease.The rate of Hepatocyte swellingis 6%(mouse), 2.5% (rat), 8.2% (guinea pig), moreover part of them were lipidosis, according to Oil Red-O stain.the mainly problem of lung is congestion ,edema and Interstitial pneumonia ,the detectable rate of pulmonarydiseases is 15.5%(guinea pig).Conclusions The vast majority of laboratory rodents were pathologically diagnosed as healthy animals.The liver disease may be caused by improper feeding.And disease of lung may led by haze, unqualified bedding and low temperature.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA) on the expression of bFGF protein and MMP-9 mRNA or protein of transplantation tumor of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC-823 in nude mice.

METHODThe BGC-823 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right anterior armpit of BALB/C nu/nu nude mice, and the animal model of transplantation tumor was established. The experimental groups were treated with HSYA at concentration of 0.056 and 0.028 g x L(-1) and cyclophosphamide at 2 g x L(-1), or with physiologic saline. The tumor inhibitory effect was observed, and the mRNA expression of MMP-9 of transplantation tumor was detected by real time-fluorescent quantitation PCR and the protein expression of MMP-9 and bFGF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTThe IR in the group with HSYA at the concentration of 0.028 g x L(-1) is higher than in the group with normal sodium. After treatment with HSYA, the mRNA expression of MMP-9 has significant difference at the concentration of 0.028 g x L(-1) as compared with physiologic saline-treated group (P < 0.05), but the protein expression of MMP-9 and bFGF is obviously less than that in the physiologic saline-treated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe possible mechanism of HSYA in given concentration to antagonize tumor angiogenesis may be related with inhibiting the protein expression of MMP-9 and bFGF or the mRNA expression of MMP-9 in tumor tissue to reduce the degradation of blood vessel basilar membrane, and to restrain the migration of blood vessel and decrease the tumor vascularization.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective: To study the effects of Xiaoyaosan on sexual behavior and inflammatory factors of rat with depression. Methods: The establishing depressive rat models of chronic mild unpredictable stress were established. The rats were randomly divided into model group and Xiaoyaosan group, 15 in each group. The Xiaoyaosan group was given 4.612 5 g/(kg•d) Xiaoyaosan, the blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline once daily. After 4 weeks of oral administration, mount frequency and perineal licking numbers to female rats in each experimental group were observed by sexual behavior experiment, and the spleen index and thymus index were calculated. The serum DA, IL-1β, IL-6 levels were tested by Elisa. Results: Compared with the normal group, the mount frequency (4.42 ± 3.91 vs. 11.58 ± 6.54), perineal licking numbers (3.53 ± 3.29 vs. 16.36 ± 10.68) and serum DA levels (14.14 ± 0.71 pg/ml vs. 17.44 ± 4.06 pg/ml) in the model group significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the thymus index (0.012 4 ± 0.001 8 vs. 0.009 3 ± 0.001 7), serum IL-1β (39.45 ± 11.98 pg/ml vs. 28.62 ± 6.61 pg/ml), IL-6 levels (9.74 ± 1.49 pg/ml vs. 6.40 ± 0.66 pg/ml) significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum DA in Xiaoyaosan group (15.90 ± 1.24 pg/ml vs. 14.14 ± 0.71 pg/ml) increased significantly (P<0.01), and the thymus index (0.009 9 ± 0.001 3 vs. 0.012 4 ± 0.001 8) and IL-6 levels (8.32 ± 0.39 pg/ml vs. 9.74 ± 1.49 pg/ml) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions The Xiaoyaosan had a therapeutic effect on immune dysfunction and increases the expression of serum dopamine in depressive rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-depression.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of acute respiratory infections in children under 12 years old in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023. MethodsAcute respiratory infection samples of children under 12 years old from three sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 were collected， and 42 respiratory infection pathogens， including influenza virus， adenovirus， parainfluenza virus， respiratory syncytial virus， human enterovirus/rhinovirus， human pulmonary virus， human bokavirus， coronavirus （229E， HKU1， NL63 and OC43）， and novel coronavirus， were detected with microfluidic chips. The situation of acute respiratory infections among outpatient and inpatient children in this area was analyzed for the before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures （2019.12‒2020.1）， during the period of non pharmacological intervention measures （2020.2‒2022.12）， and after non pharmacological intervention measures （2023.1‒2023.6）. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023， a total of 1 770 samples were collected， and 445 pathogens were detected， with a detection rate of 25.14% （445/1 770）. The main pathogens detected during the study period were influenza virus： 8.70% （154/1 770）， respiratory syncytial virus： 4.41% （78/1 770）， human enterovirus/rhinovirus： 2.66% （47/1 770）， human adenovirus： 2.49% （44/1 770）， and parainfluenza virus： 2.20% （39/1 770）. Before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures， outpatients were primarily infected with influenza， parainfluenza virus， and respiratory syncytial virus， with detection rates of 8.09%， 4.49%， and 4.04%， respectively； inpatients were mainly infected with influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and parainfluenza virus， with detection rates of 4.49%， 3.82%， and 3.15%， respectively. During the period of non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses detected in the samples of outpatient children， with detection rates of 4.04%， 3.60%， and 2.47%， respectively； inpatient samples mainly detected respiratory syncytial virus， rhinovirus， and influenza virus， with detection rates of 3.60%， 2.02%， and 1.80%， respectively. After non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main pathogens detected in the outpatients， with detection rates of 9.89%， 2.92% and 2.02%， respectively； influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and rhinovirus were the main pathogens detected in inpatient children， with detection rates of 6.29%， 1.57%， and 1.35%， respectively. ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogens related to acute respiratory infections in children is influenced by non pharmacological preventive measures.