Objective To assess the effects of 670nm LED (light-emitting diode) to protect the photoreceptor from the light-induced damage in a rat model. Methods 32 SD rats were randomly assigned to one of eight groups: untreated control group, the LED-treated control group, three groups of light-induced damage,and three groups of light-induced damage treated with LED. Light-induced damage result from exposing to constant light for 3 hours of different illuminations of 900,1800 and 2700 lx, respectively. The LED treatment (50 mW) was delivered for 30 minutes at 3 hours before the light damage and 0,24 and 48 hours after the light damage. Retinal function and morphology were measured by electroretinogram (ERG) and histopathology assay. Results The illumination of 900 lx for 3 hours did not damage the rat retina. The illumination of 1800 lx for 3 hours resulted in thinner ONL and no OS and IS. The ratio of damaged area/total retinal area was 0.48±0.12, the damaged thickness of ONL/normal ONL (L5) was 0.39±0.07,and the amplitude of ERG b wave was (431±120) μV. With the LED treatment the ratio of damaged area decreased (M6=0.17±0.12, P5/6=0.002), and the ratio of the damaged thickness of ONL also decreased (L6=0.22±0.09, P5/6<0.01), and the amplitude of ERG b wave increased to (1011±83) μV(P5/6 <0.001). The illumination of 2700 lx for 3 hours caused severed damage to the rat retina and the LED could not protect them significantly. Conclusions 670 nm LED treatment has an evident protective effect on retinal cells against light-induced damage, which may be a simple and effective therapy to prevent or to delay age-related maeular degeneration.

Background Trachoma is a serious blinding eye disease.At present,the incidence rate of trachoma in China has been greatly reduced with the unremitting efforts of World Health Orgnization (WHO) and Chinese government.However,in some economically underdeveloped areas,there is still active trachoma.Ohjective This study aimed to survey the prevalence of children's active trachoma in rural area of Naxi district and Jiangyang district of Luzhou city and assess the prevention and treatment outcome of trachoma during 10 years.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Naxi district and Jiangyang district of Luzhou city,the economic underdeveloping and water-starved regions in the year 2000.The active trachoma was screened in 214 school-age children with the male 113 and female 101 based on simplified trachoma grading system and trachoma rapid assessment survey standards and requirements of WHO.The symptoms of active trachoma were divided into trachomatous follicular (TF),trachomatous inflammation intense (TI),trachomatous scarring (TS),trachoma trichiasis (TT) and corneal opacities (CO).The epidemiological survey was re-assessed in 100 school-age children (with the male 58 and female 42) in these regions in the year 2013 to evaluate the prevalence change of children active trachoma during 10 years.Results In the year 2000,214 children were screened in 4 villages of Naxi district and Jiangyang district,and the prevalence rate of TF was 49.07％ (105/214) in the year 2000.The prevalence rate of TF was 49.05％ (52/106) in the Naxi district and 49.07％ (53/108) in the Jiangyang district,showing no significant difference between them (x2 =0.01,P =0.99).In the 100 school-age children who received survey in Naxi district and Jiangyang district in the year 2013,no TF,TF,TI,TS,TT and CO was found,showing no active trachoma.Conclusions The active trachoma has been controlled in rural areas of Luzhou city following the prevention and treatment of trachoma and the improvement of economic status in past decade.

To investigate various microRNAs (miRNAs) expression levels in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of gastric cancer,and to explore the effects of miRNA214 in CAFs on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.Methods The primary CAFs were isolated from human gastric tumor tissues,while the normal fibroblasts (NFs) were from adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of miRNAs in CAFs and NFs.The interaction model in vitro between CAFs and MGC-803 (a gastric cancer cell line) was established by Transwell chamber,and then the effects of miRNA-214 in CAFs on MGC-803 invasion and migration were analyzed.Results It was found that the expression level of 18kinds of miRNAs in CAFs was different.Moreover,the expression level of miRNA-214 in CAFs was most observably decreased compared with NFs.Further studies indicated that over-expression of miRNA-214 in CAFs could markedly inhibit the migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells in vitro.Conclusion The expression of miRNAs was different between CAFs and NFs,and the miRNA-214 expression in CAFs is markedly reduced compared with NFs.The over-expression of miRNA-214in CAFs could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells.Therefore,miRNA-214 in CAFs might act as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer progression.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) in children.Methods:Twenty-five children with ACC diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China from March 2014 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The related literature was reviewed.Results:A total of 25 children with ACC were collected, including 11 males and 14 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.0∶1.3. The patient ages ranged from 8 months to 14 years (median, 4 years). Eighteen cases with clinical data had functional tumors (18/22, 81.8%) presenting with virilization or precocious puberty (15/18), symptoms related to hypercortisolism (8/18) or endocrine symptoms mixed with both (5/18), while 3 cases (3/22, 13.6%) had unknown clinical data. The clinical manifestations of four patients with nonfunctional tumors were an abdominal mass and/or abdominal pain, walking instability and others. Grossly, the average maximum diameter of the tumor was 9.4 cm. Most of the tumors were nodular and partially encapsuled. The cut surfaces were gray or gray brown, soft with hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumor cells were diffusely distributed, separated by a vascular-rich network. The tumor cells were large, with distinct nucleoli, abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm, and round or oval nuclei. The mitotic index was high, and atypical mitoses were common. Necrosis, calcification, capsule invasion or/and venous invasion were present. In some cases, the tumor invaded the surrounding soft tissues or kidneys. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for syn and SF1 and focally positive for α-inhibin, Melan A and Calretinin, but negative for CgA. Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 2%-90%. TP53 gene status was examined in 7 cases, in which mutations were detected in 4 cases. Follow-up data was obtained in 21 patients, among whom 18 received chemotherapy and 3 received radiotherapy. Distant metastasis occurred in 13 patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.2 months and median overall survival (OS) was 54.7 months. Patients aged less than 5 years had a better prognosis for OS ( P<0.05) than the older ones (≥5 years), but a similar PFS ( P>0.05). Male patients and Ki-67 proliferation index <15% had a better prognosis tendency for OS, but there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:ACC in children is a rare, often functional tumor associated with Li-Fraumeni genetic syndrome and has a poor prognosis. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis require a combination of morphological, phenotypic and clinical analysis.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus detection based on the diarrhea syndromic surveillance in Pudong ,Shanghai .Methods Diarrhea syndromic surveillance program was conducted in outpatient and emergency departments of 12 sentinel hospitals during 2012 -2016 .The clinical and epidemiological data of diarrheal patients were collected .The fecal specimens were also sampled . The detections for norovirus by polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing were performed .Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test was used to compare the detection rate .Binary logistic regression was used to explore the impact factors of norovirus infection among diarrheal patients . Results The detective rate of norovirus among diarrheal patients was 21 .59％ ,peaking from October to next March .Among all the age groups ,the detection rate was highest among patients with 25 - 64 years old .The patients with more severe diarrhea symptoms (> 5 times a day) were more likely to be infected with norovirus than those with diarrhea 3 - 5 times a day (χ2 = 21 .167 ,P< 0 .01) .Vomiting was also an indicator of norovirus infection .Patients presented with vomiting had a higher norovirus detection rate (χ2 = 198 .543 , P < 0 .01) . Norovirus G Ⅱ was the predominant genotype .Conclusions The recent epidemic of norovirus infection in diarrheal patients in Pudong new district has an apparent seasonality peaked from October to next March .Adult ,patients with vomiting and more severe diarrhea symptoms are at risk of norovirus infection .The long-term surveillance is critical for the norovirus infection control .