The overall cellular gene expression is well realized by the coordinated regulation between nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA. Coordinated regulation between two genomes plays a key role not only in mitochondria biogenesis and protein synthesis but also more importantly in the regulation of gene expression of mitochondria respiratory chain subunits in order to mediate the mitochondrial respiratory function. In the present review, we focus on the mechanism of coordinated regulation between two genomes.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Xiaosuanzao decoction on spontaneous motion and sleep time in mice, and to study its disassembled formulation. METHODS:Seven ingredients of Xiaosuanzao decoction were selected as the influential factors, including Ziziphus jujuba, Poria cocos, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale and Cortex cinnamoni. Two levels of with or without were designed for each factor,and the experiment was ar-ranged according to L8(27) orthogonal test table. The effects of Xiaosuanzao decoction and each ingredient on spontaneous motion within 2 min and sleep time induced by superthreshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium were compared by visual analysis method and analysis of variance. RESULTS:Z. jujube and A. asphodeloides were the main active ingredients of Xiaosuanzao decoction on spontaneous motion;Z. jujube was the main active ingredient of Xiaosuanzao decoction on sleep time induced by superthreshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium. CONCLUSIONS:Xiaosuanzao decoction can inhibit spontaneous motion and prolong sleep time in-duced by superthreshold dosage of pentobarbital sodium,and Z. jujube is the main ingredient of Xiaosuanzao decoction.

Objective:To explore the significance measuring serum levels of high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP),ho-mocysteine (Hcy)and carotid atherosclerosis lesion in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)complicated atrial fibril-lation (AF).Methods:A total of 84 CHD + AF patients (CHD + AF group),42 CHD patients with sinus rhythm (sinus rhythm CHD group)and 40 healthy subjects (healthy control group)were selected.CHD + AF group was further divided into paroxysmal AF group (n=31),persistent AF group (n=27)and permanent AF group (n=26).Serum levels of hsCRP and Hcy and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)were measured in all groups,and Crouse integral of atheroscle-rotic plaques was calculated.Results:Compared with healthy control group,there were significant rise in serum levels of hsCRP [(4.97±2.14)mg/L vs.(8.96±3.75)mg/L vs.(6.83±2.91)mg/L],Hcy [(15.48±4.36)μmol/L vs.(23.64 ±7.06)μmol/L vs.(17.76±4.83)μmol/L],IMT [(1.21±0.15)mm vs.(1.71±0.19)mm vs.(1.36±0.17)mm]and plaque Crouse integral [(4.13±1.06)scores vs.(7.89±1.35)scores vs.(4.96±1.21)scores]in CHD + AF group and sinus rhythm CHD group,P <0.05 or <0.01;and those of CHD + AF group were significantly higher than those of sinus rhythm CHD group,P <0.01 all,compared with paroxysmal AF group,there were significant rise in serum levels of hsCRP,Hcy,IMT and plaque Crouse integral in permanent AF group and persistent AF group (P <0.05 or <0.01),and those of permanent AF group were significantly higher than those of persistent AF group (P <0.05 or <0.01);Pearson correlation analysis indicated that in CHD + AF group,serum levels of hsCRP and Hcy were positively correlated with AF duration (r =0.619,0.527,P<0.05 both),and positively correlated with Crouse integral of carotid plaque (r =0.438, 0.561,P<0.05 both),and Crouse integral of carotid plaque was positively correlated with AF duration (r =0.624,P <0.05).Conclusion:Inflammatory reaction,oxidative stress and carotid atherosclerosis are more severe in CHD + AF pa-tients,and they aggravate along with AF duration prolongs.

Objective:To establish a 3 dimensional finite element model of calcaneus and talus for analysing their stress distribution during different gait phases. Methods: CT scanning and computer image processing system were used to establish the model to simulate the situation of calcaneus and talus for 3 phases (heel strike, midstance, push off) during the gait. A finite element solver was used to calculate stress. Results: A three dimensional finite element model of calcaneus and talus was established. And the stress distribution within the bone was obtained and regions with elevated stress at 3 phases were located. The stress distributions of 3 phases were significantly different. The stress increased gradually from heel strike to push off. Conclusion:The model can be used to study biomechanics of calcaneus and talus. The regions of elevated stress of calcaneus and talus are important, which provide an insight into the factors contributing to the fractures and arthritis.

Objective To observe the effect of electric-impulse stimulation to Jiaji points (EX-B2) on spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Totally 126 eligible SCI patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 63 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional rehabilitation training plus acupuncture, while based on which the treatment group additionally received electric-impulse stimulation to Jiaji points (EX-B2). The spasticity, function, and activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated 90 d later. Results The spasticity score was significantly changed after intervention in the treatment group(P＜0.01). Tendon reflex and spasticity score were significantly changed in the control group (P＜0.01). After intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in comparing spasticity score (P＜0.01). The changes of motor function and sensory function scores in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). The Barthel Index (BI) scores were significantly changed in both groups after intervention (P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the BI score between the two groups after intervention (P＜0.05). Conclusion Electric-impulse stimulation to Jiaji (EX-B2) plus conventional rehabilitation training can significantly improve spasticity, and the motor and sensory functions, and promote the recovery of activities of daily living.

Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is painful and challenging disease.High success rate of antimicrobial therapy in most cases has not been achieved in skeleton due to its physiological and anatomical characteristics.The key to successful management is early diagnosis and treatment.Different types of post-traumatic osteomyelitis require different medication and different surgical therapeutic strategies.Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is associated with avascular necrosis of bone and formation of sequestrum(dead bone).Surgical debridement is necessary in addition to antibiotic therapy.Generally,multidisciplinary techniques are required,including orthopaedic surgery,plastic surgery,as well as vascular surgery,especially for complex cases with soft-tissue defect.

Purpose:To detect the action of arsenic trioxide(As 2O 3) on the expression of tumor drug-resistant protein. Methods:APL cell line MR 2 resistant to all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) was used for in vitro studies. APL cell line NB 4 was used for control. The expressions of P-glycoprotein(Pgp), multidrug resistance protein(MRP)were determined by immunocytochemical assays. Results:The expression of Pgp was significantly higher in MR 2 cell line(30%-40%) than in NB 4 cell line(10%-20%)(P

Aim To understand the changing aspects of CAP-administration on expression of cytochrome C oxidase(COX) subunits I and IV and their mechanisms regulated by gene expression encoded by mtDNA and nDNA. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and CAP groups, Rats were administrated CAP(100 mg?kg -1, intraperitoneal injection) every 12 hours for 7 days before sacrificed by decapitation. Rat brain was removed and the cerebral cortex mitochondria was isolated by centrifugation programme. The protein content of COX subunitⅠand Ⅳ in mitochondria and NRF-1 in cerebral tissues was detected by Western blot analysis. And mRNA state levels of COXⅠ, COXⅣ, mtTFA and NRF-1 in tissues were determined by RT-PCR.Results Compared with C group, a decreased protein content of COX subunitⅠand an elevated ratio of subunit Ⅳ/Ⅰwas observed in CAP group, The protein content of COX subunit Ⅳ and NRF-1 as well as COXⅠ,Ⅳ,NRF-1 and mtTFA mRNA state level was not unchanged between the two groups. Conclusion The change of content of COX subunitⅠprotein in mitochondria from cerebral cortex showed there is no regulation of feedback to mitochondrial and nuclear transcription. The nuclear genomes expression does not correspond to mitochondrial expression in CAP-administrated rats.

Objective To understand the changing aspects of CAP-administration on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity during hypoxia exposure and their mechanisms. Methods Except the control group (C group), adult male Wistar rats were exposed to a hypobaric chamber simulated 5 000-meter high altitude for 23 h every day for 0, 1, 5, 15, 30 d (H_ 0, 1, 5, 15, 30 ) respectively and administrated CAP (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) every 12 h for 7 d before sacrificed by decapitation. Mitochondrial respiratory function and COX activity were measured by Clark oxygen electrode and polarography, respectively. Results As compared with C group, mitochondrial state 3 respiration (ST_3) and respiratory control rate (RCR) and oxidative phosphorylation rate (ORP) and COX activity in H_0+CAP group all decreased significantly, but by prolonging hypoxia exposure increased and restored to the control level. Conclusion Mitochondrial respiratory function, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and COX activity in rat brain could improve by administrating CAP during hypoxia exposure and almost reach to the control level by prolonging hypoxia exposure.

Epigenetic modification includes DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA, etc., and is crucial in determining gene expression. A growing number of recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation may play a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Due to its explicit mechanism and relatively mature technic, DNA methylation has received extensive attention in sepsis-related researches. By examining recent studies on septic DNA methylation mechanism, this review elucidates the key role in sepsis occurrence and progression that DNA methylation plays from etiology, immunology and other aspects, as well as its application potential in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of sepsis before pointing out the direction for further research.