The pathophysiology of allergic disease such as asthma and allergic rhinitis tell the similar story: when the endogenous and exogenous inflammatory mechanisms occur disorder, the body may begin with inflammatory cell activation, namely through the release of cytokine and inflammatory mediator role in the corresponding target cells, activate the sensory nerve fiber, acting on the cell organ specificity effect, clinical symptoms. This article is divided into the following five parts focused on the research progress of allergic inflammatory diseases: (1) inflammatory cells; (2) staphylococcus aureus superantigen; (3) small molecules (cytokines, inflammatory mediators, lipid classes medium); (4) nerve fibers and effect cells; (5) genetic and epigenetic factors.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Respiratory System ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; physiopathology

Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is painful and challenging disease.High success rate of antimicrobial therapy in most cases has not been achieved in skeleton due to its physiological and anatomical characteristics.The key to successful management is early diagnosis and treatment.Different types of post-traumatic osteomyelitis require different medication and different surgical therapeutic strategies.Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is associated with avascular necrosis of bone and formation of sequestrum(dead bone).Surgical debridement is necessary in addition to antibiotic therapy.Generally,multidisciplinary techniques are required,including orthopaedic surgery,plastic surgery,as well as vascular surgery,especially for complex cases with soft-tissue defect.

Objective To study the expression of striatin(STRN) protein in brain tissue of paitents with drug-refractory epilepsy,and analyze the clinical significance of the expression.Methods Immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,cDNA array and Western blot were used to measure the levels of STRN cDNA and the protein in surgically removed temporal lobe tissues of patients with refractory epilepsy.Samples were retrieved from the brain bank of the authors' department(n=42),and the results were compared with that of the normal controls(n=12).Results STRN cDNA of STRN was abnormally expressed in the temporal cortex of the patients with epilepsy,the ratio of Cy5/Cy3 of STRN was 0.384.Moreover,the expression of STRN was significantly lower in neurons and glial cells of all epilepsy specimens.OD value in epileptic tissues determined by Immunohistochemical method was 0.310 8?0.108 7,which was significantly lower than that of control(0.421 0?0.120 2,P

Objective:To establish the high performance liquid chromatography-fingerprints( HPLC-FPS)of Chaihu Shugan pills. Methods:The analysis was performed on a Zirchrom Kromasil C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(containing 0. 05%phosphoric acid)with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 294 nm and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:With baicalin as the reference substance,there were 24 common peaks in the fingerprints to establish the fingerprint common pattern. The similarity among the 16 batches of samples was calculated,and the results showed it was within the range of 0. 690-0. 993,suggesting the differences among the samples from different factories. Conclusion:The establishment of the fingerprints provides a simple and practical analysis method for more comprehensive regulation of medicinal material sources,effective quality monitoring of the products and the assurance of effective and safe clinical application.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of warfarin on patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods:A total of 126 patients with atrial fibrillation from our hospital during Jun 2012-Jun 2013 were selected. According to hiding number random method,they were divided into aspirin group (n=63)and warfarin group (n=63).Coagulation function,blood lipid levels and end-point events were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with aspirin group,after treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of total cholesterol [(5.8 ±0.5)mmol/L vs.(5.2±0.7)mmol/L],triglyceride [(2.6±0.4)mmol/L vs.(2.4±0.3)mmol/L]and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [(2.7±0.5)mmol/L vs.(2.4±0.3)mmol/L],significant rise in level of high den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.1±0.2)mmol/L vs.(1.3±0.2)mmol/L],prothrombin time [(28.3±11.7)s vs. (36.9±10.4)s]and it′s international normalized ratio [(1.9±0.4)vs.(2.4±0.5)]in warfarin group,P <0.05 all.Incidence rate of endpoint events such as cerebral infarction and peripheral artery embolism etc.in warfarin group was significantly lower than that of aspirin group (3.17% vs.23.81%,P <0.01).The incidence rates of complications were 23.81% and 26.98% in warfarin group and aspirin group respectively,and they had no signifi-cant difference,P >0.05. Conclusion:For atrial fibrillation,the therapeutic effect and safety of warfarin is better than that of aspirin,is worth extending.

BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether serial cel passage in vitro influences the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of cel passage on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s.
METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and cultured by the whole bone marrow adherence method. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at passages 3, 6, 9, 12 were incubated in serum-free medium. After culture for 7 and 14 days, cel biological characterization was observed and differenitaiton ability into neural stem cel s was observed by detecting Nestin expression in cel s using flow cytometry. Then, the cel s were further induced to differentiate and cel multipotential differentiation capacity was detected by measurement of nerve enolase and glial acidic protein expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under induction, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at different passages were al differentiated into Nestin-positive neural stem cel s. However, there was a significant difference in differentiation proportion of cel s at different passages (P<0.05). Strongest differentiation ability was found in the passage 6 cel s, with the Nestin expression up to (93.7±2.3)%at 7 days of induction and (96.2±1.8)%at 14 days of induction. The proportion of differentiated cel s at passages 6 and 9 was signfi cantly higher than that at passages 3 and 12. Moreover, adherent cel s were positive for nerve enolase and glial acidic protein. Al these findings indicate that the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s is correlated with cel passage. Cel s at lower or higher passages are both detrimental to cel differentiation.

Aim Toclarifytheeffectofacteosideon proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs ) from adult mice,as well as the involved signaling pathway.Meth-ods NSCswereisolatedfromthesubventricularzone (SVZ)of adult C57BL/6 mice,then identified by im-munofluorescence staining with Nestin,the marker of NSCs.NSCs were exposed to acteoside (5,10,20,40μmol·L-1 )in absence of mitogen(EGF/bFGF)for 24 h.We employed CCK8 assay to detect NSCs viability and BrdU staining to identify NSCs proliferation.We performed Western blot to quantify the expression level ofp-AktinducedbyacteosideonNSCs.Results With-out mitogen,acteoside increased NSCs proliferation by activating p-Akt,which can be blocked by LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Conclu-sion ActeosidepromotestheproliferationofNSCsfrom adult mice by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.

Objective:To investigate the purification of antibacterial effective fraction of Syringae folium by macroporous resins. Methods:Static adsorption and desorption tests were carried out to screen the macroporous resins. The desorption experiment was per-formed on the selected D101 resin to optimize the separation process. The effects of resin amount, diameter length ratio, elution flow rate, elution solution concentration and volume were studied. Results:The optimal conditions were as follows:the elution solution was 55% ethanol, the adsorption flow rate was 1 BV·h-1 , the elution flow rate was 5 BV·h-1 , 6 BV 25% ethanol was used to eliminate impurity and 8 BV 55% ethanol was used to elute to obtain the effective fraction. Conclusion: The content of antibacterial effective component is above 65% after purified by D101 resin, indicating that the present method is suitable for large-scale preparation of anti-bacterial effective fraction of Syringae folium.

Objective:Explore the dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue,to explain the relation dendritic cells and tumor immunity.Methods:Adopt immune histochmistry S-P method.Results:The extent of dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue is not relate to age,gender and types of pathhistology but negative contact with degree of pathological differentiation (P

Objective To discuss effectiveness of gracilis muscle flap for treatment of degree 3 and 4 pressure ulcers on ischial tuberosities for elderly patients.Methods From January 2010 to June 2015,19 elderly patients with pressure ulcers on the ischial tuberosities were enrolled,including 11 males and 8 females with an average age of 71.3 years ranging 62 to 86 years.The average course of disease was 9.6 months ranging 2 to 23 months,including 7 cases of degree 3 and 12 cases of degree 4 according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP).All cases were treated by gracilis musle flap after debridement.Results All muscle flaps survived without necrosis,2 cases had wound dehiscence after operation and were healed after symptomatic treatment,and the 17 wounds were healed for first intention.All patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years.Pressure ulcer on the ischial tuberosities recurred in 1 case after operation and was healed by debridement and suture.Pressure ulcers did not recur in the rest cases.Conclusions Gracilis muscle flap in the treatment of degree 3 and 4 pressure ulcers on the ischial tuberosities has remarkable curative effect and high cure rate in elderly patients,it is worthy of clinical application.