AIM: To investigate the effect of platycodin D on Candida albicans infection in oral epithelial cells.METHODS:The viability of the oral squamous carcinoma KB cells was detected by MTT assay after treated with different concentrations of platycodin D .The KB cells were infected with Candida albicans, and then were incubated with platycodin D at different concentrations .Adherent numbers of the Candida albicans were counted by Gram staining , and the bacterial activity and conversion were measured by Trypan blue staining .Furthermore , the protein levels of IL-18 and hu-man β-defensin 2 ( HBD-2) were analyzed by ELISA , and the expression of HBD-2 at mRNA and protein levels was deter-mined by RT-qPCR and Western blot , respectively .RESULTS:The viability of the KB cells was not affected by platycod-in D at the concentrations used .The adherent numbers , bacterial activity and conversion were decreased by treatment with platycodin D in a dose-dependent manner .In addition, the protein level of IL-18 in the culture supernatant and the mRNA expression of HBD-2 in the KB cells were also reduced after platycodin D treatment .CONCLUSION:Platycodin D has a bacteriostasis effect and prevents oral epithelial cells from Candida albicans infection.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of combined test of prealbumin (PA),total bile acid(TBA)and liver bi-opsy in chronic hepatitis.Methods 172 patients hospitalized with chronic hepatitis in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an Uni-versity Medical College from October,2013 to March,2014 was collected as the chronic hepatitis group;and 45 cases of nor-mal healthy control of the corresponding period was collected as the control group.Prealbumin,TBA was detected respec-tively in the two groups.Immunoturbidimetry was adopted in PA,Enzymatic cycling assay was employed in TBA,and at the same time percutaneous puncture of liver histology was detected in the chronic hepatitis group.Results The PA in the chro-nic hepatitis group (179.12±8.46 mg/L)was lower than the control group (257.34±6.38 mg/L),and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The TBA in the chronic hepatitis group (30.58±9.37 μmol/L)was higher than the con-trol group (8.16±1.59 μmol/L)and also the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).PA was negatively correla-ted with the pathological grades (rs =-0.617,P <0.05),and TBA was positively correlated with pathological grades (rs =0.724,P <0.05).The separate diagnostic positive rate of PA was 58.7% (101/172),while the TBA was 93.6% (161/172).The combined diagnostic positive rate of the two was 93.6% (161/172),it was higher than the separate rate and was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of PA and TBA can reflect the extent and degree of hypo-hepatia and hepatic inflammation,and the combined detection of the two will be much sensitive to the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis,and compared with histological detection,it is convenient,simple,and easy to operate.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods.Methods Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,OVA group and OVA/RSV group.With ovalbumin and hydroxide suspension sensitized,OVA nouse asthma model group and OVA/RSV group were established respectively by continuous atomization of ovalbumin and repeated nasal drops of RSV.The control group was established by sensitization and atomization excitation of sterile injection water.24 hours after the last stimulation,the lung function was measured.The cell sorting and counting in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were performed.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining.Results Compared with the control group,the model groups have obvious symptoms of asthma,airway wall thickening,lumen stenosis and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration.And pathological damage of lung tissue in OVA/RSV group was significantly increased,compared with OVA group.The enhanced expiratory pause (Penh)values of OVA/RSV group were significantly higher than those in group OVA (P ＜ 0.05),and the number of neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes and eosinophils in BALF were significantly higher than those in OVA group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The establishment of asthma mouse model by OVA sensitization and RSV induction is a better way to simulate the human asthma pathogenesis.

Objective To study the expression of HER-3 in breast cancer patients and analyze its relationship with the clinical pathology and prognosis of breast cancer,ER,PR and HER-2.Methods Data of 139 female breast cancer patients undergoing operations at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University from Jan.2006 to Oct.2006 were collected.These 139 patients didn't have preoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy,but had postoperative endocrine therapies.Immunohistochemisty was used to detect the expression of HER-3 in the 139 patients.Data like the expression of ER,PR and HER-2,histological grading,tumor size and lymph node metastasis were obtained from their medical records.The relationship between indicators and breast cancer was analyzed.Results ①The positive expression rate of HER-3,HER-2,ER,and PR was 30.2％ (42/139),42.5％ (59/139),66.9％ (93/139),and 59.7％ (83/139) respectively.(②)The statistical items had no relation with patients' age(P ＞0.05).③HER-3 expression was correlated with tumor sizes,lymph node metastasis,histological grading,5 year survival rate and HER-2 expression(P ＜ 0.05),and had no relation with ER or PR(P ＞0.05).④)The combined expression of HER-3 & HER-2 was correlated with tumor sizes,axillary lymph node metastasis,histological grading,ER and PR.(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HER-3 detection is of great significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.The combined examination of HER-3,HER-2,ER,and PR in breast cancer tissues is of clinical significance for early diagnosis/treatment,medication and prognosis of the tumor,as well as for new drug research and development.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome(GLUT1-DS) and summarize the characteristics of GLUT1-DS through reviewing related references.Methods The clinical data including manifestation,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose,electroencephalogram,MRI and gene mutation of a patient with GLUT1-DS was collected and the related literatures were reviewed.Results The patient was a 6 years old boy.The patient,whose seizures occurred at the age of 9 month-old and prolonged to 6 year-old,attacked before breakfast.Physical examination showed microcephaly with head circumference 47.5 cm.Laboratory tests showed that CSF glucose decreased (1.87 mmol/L) and CSF-serum ratio was 0.36.And meantime the MRI was normal and electroencephalogram showed general spike and slow wave complex paroxysm.Mutation of SLC2A1 gene,c.350_385del,was found in the patient.There were 219 cases with GLUT1-DS had been reported and the age of onset was 15.69 months.In 219 patients,159 cases (72％) suffered seizures,105 cases (47％) had motor abnormalities,61 cases (27％) suffered intellectual disability.The CSF glucose values were (1.92±0.31) mmol/L,CSF-serum ratio was 0.36±0.07.SLC2A1 gene mutations were detected in 183 patients(96％)in which missense mutation was the most mutation.Conclusion A wide range of phenotypes of GLUT1-DS include seizures,motor abnormalities,mental retardation.The diagnosis is confirmed when CSF glucose and CSF-serum ratio are continuously decreased which in the absence of meningitis.The SLC2A1 gene should be detected in suspicion of GLUTI-DS patients.Early diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis of those GLUTI-DS patients.

Objective To investigate clinical competence assessment in the graduation examination for surgical professional degree postgraduates and surgical residents in Beijing. Methods Data of clinical competence assessment of graduation examination for surgical postgraduates from Capital Medical University (CMU) and residents from Beijing surgical residency training programs in 2013 were summarized and ana-lyzed. SPSS 11.5 software was used to do t test and chi square test to the corresponding data line. Results There were 118 surgical postgraduates in clinical medicine from CMU and 274 residents from Beijing surgi-cal residency training programs, who attended final clinical competence assessment. There were significant differences between the postgraduate and resident clinical competence assessment system. The differences included their organization in charge of examination and the contents of assessment system. The assessment system of clinical competence for the surgical postgraduates did not involved communication skills, reading and analysis of laboratory tests and imaging investigation. The score of case analysis in the postgraduate group was higher than that in the resident group [(84.6±1.1) vs. (82.2±10.2), P=0.039], however the score of surgical skill assessment in postgraduate group was significantly lower than that of the resident group [(78.2 ±14.0) vs. (90.5 ±6.3), P=0.000]. In addition, the rate in the score being higher or equal to 70 of case note, case analysis and surgical skill assessment between postgraduates and residents was significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Clinical competence assessment system for the surgical postgraduates should be adapted to their training goal. In addition to the process assessment, the objective structured clinical skills examination (OSCE) can be as a reasonable postgraduate graduation examination mode.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and the resistance rate of Shigella in Anhui Province to guide the choice of antibacterials. METHODS Ninety one strains of Shigella were cultured in Sep 2005.The groups were identified by biochemical and serologic tests.Susceptibility of 91 strains of Shigella in Anhui to various antibiotics was tested using standardized custom dilution MIC panels according to CLSI(2005) guidelines. RESULTS There were 57 strains of Shigella flexneri,31 strains of S.sonnei and 2 strains ofS.boydii among 91 strains of Shigella.The resistance rates of Shigella to cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were remarkably lower than to other third generation cephalosporins.The susceptible rates to carbopenems were 100%.The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin lactate and pazufloxacin mesilate were 27.47% and 32.97%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is a certain resistance rate of the Shigella to fluoroquinolones and the third generation cephalosporins.More attention should be paid to the surveillance and control of such resistance.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) isolated from clinical specimen and provide the guidance for the clinical treatment. METHODS The P. aeruginosas infection status from Jun 2005 to Dec 2007 was reviewed retrospectively,and the results of susceptibility test in 286 strains of PAE were analyzed. RESULTS The drug-resistance rates to gentamicin,cefotaxime,and ceftriaxone in PAE were all above 60.0%,and that to cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam sodium,amikacin and levofloxacin showing all higher sensitivity. The resistance rates to meropenem and imipenem were 17.1% and 18.5%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS P. aeruginosa is one of the main pathogenic bacteria in nosocomial infection. It's very important to strengthen the monitoring of drug-resistance of PAE and rationally antibiotics usage.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and the occurrence of gene erm.METHODS ATB Staph and microdilute tests were performed to detect the susceptibility to 15 kinds of antibiotics in 50 strains of the S.aureus(SAU).Gene erm of these strains was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS There were no strains resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin,fusidic acid and quinupristin-dalfopristin in 42 strains of MRSA detected.There were no strains sensitive to penicillin,oxacillin,gentamicin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.Thirty-five strains habored gene erm in 42 strains of MRSA.The positive rate of gene erm was 83.3%.CONCLUSIONS The multiple-resistance of the MRSA is a serious issue.The resistance to erythromycin in MRSA is mediated by gene erm which encodes the methylase and changes the target site of drug action.

Objective L-selectin is an important adhesion molecule,which is the lymph cell's homing receptor specifically expressed on leukocytes.A non-lymphoma cell line-HCa-F has the high potential ability of metastasis to peripheral lymph nodes,whose character is similar to lymphoma's.We want to explore whether the HCa-F cell's metastasis mechanism is also similar to lymphoma's,that is to say,whether HCa-F cell can also express L-selectin and the expression of L-selectin bring about the lymph node metastasis character. Methods First,?-fetoprotein,CD3 and CD20's monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the origin of HCa-F cell;then we analysed whether the HCa-F cell can express L-selectin by means of flow cytometry analysis,RT-PCR,and Western blotting;finally,Stamper-Woodruff method was used to examine the L-selectin's function. Results Immunostaining showed that the HCa-F cell was ?-fetoprotein positive,CD3 and CD20 negative cell line,which suggests that it is a liver cell line.And results of flow cytometry,RT-PCR,and Western blotting showd that HCa-F cell can express L-selectin.Additionally,anti-L-selectin's antibody can inhibit the adhesion between HCa-F cells and frozen section of mouse lymph node.Conclusion L-selectin expressed on HCa-F cells is a functional molecule which can facilitate HCa-F cell's metastasis to lymph nodes.