OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical hospital pathogens and the distribution of spectrum resistance trends in the past four years to control nosocomial infection and provide reasonable basis for therapy.METHODS From 2004 to 2007 the pathogens were isolated,identified and taken drug sensitivity tests.RESULTS During the 4 years,3176 isolates were collected.Gram positive(G+) cocci accounted fro 44.23%,?-hemolytic streptococcus,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumonial,coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus faecalis were the main pathogens.Gram-negative(G-) bacilli accounted for 40.65%,in order were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella catarrhalis.Fungi(Candida albicans) accounted for 16.30%.G+ cocci and G-bacilli showed different levels of resistance.Most of G+ cocci were sensitive to vancomycin.The G-bacilli were sensitive to imipenem.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening the monitoring of the clinical pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance is of great significance to control nosocomial infection and treatment.

Salvia miltorrhiza Bge. is a perennial deciduous flowering plant. Its medicinal root and rhizomes part is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify 4832 genome SSR loci with length longer than or equal to 40 bp from the draft genome assembly of S. miltorrhiza. The re-sults showed that the dinucleotide repeat motifs and trinucleotide repeat motifs constitute the main types of genome SSR loci, accounting for 37.3% and 61.3% respectively. SSR types enriched with A/T bases showed significantly higher abundance than other types, including AT/TA AAT/ATT, ATA/TAT, TAA/TTA, accounting for 30.5%, 21.6%, 17.1%, 20.4% of the total number of SSR loci, respectively. 1079 primer pairs were designed for these genome SSR loci. These primers can be used for genomic diversity analysis, genetic map construction, genetic marker screening. These data could lay the foundation for population genetics and genomics research of S. miltorrhiza.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-released tablets and to investigate the in vitro drug release feature and mechanism of the tablets.METHODS:Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-released tablets were prepared with HPMC as matrix.The effects of multiple factors on the in vitro drug release rate were evaluated with accumulative release rate as index,and the slow release feature was compared between the sustained tablets and the common tablets.RESULTS:The drug release rate was predominantly influenced by the amount of HPMC and the tablet compressing pressure,and the optimum values of the two were 25% and 8kg～11kg,respectively.The accumulative release rates of the sustained tablets and the common tablets at 0.5h were 10% and 50%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The sustained-release tablets had a better sustained release efficacy as compared with common tablets,and the drug release feature of the sustained tablets was the synergistic action of the tamsulosin hydrochloride diffusion and matrix degradation and the release pattern obeyed non-Fick diffusion mechanism.

Objective To explore the value of energy spectrum CT in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods Thirty-two hospitalized patients whose American Colledge of Radiology (ACR) breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scores were 4-5 by mammography received non-enhanced spectral CT scans.The spectrum images,spectrum curve,lesion's size,morphology were observed,and also the pectoralis major muscle and axillary lymph node metastasis were evaluated and compared with mammography.Results Thirty-two patients were confirmed by pathology,including 16 cases of invasive duct carcinomas,1 case of medullary carcinoma,15 cases of lobular carcinomas,and 11 cases of the pectoralis major muscle invaded,9 cases of the axillary lymph nodes metastasis.ACR BI-RADS scores 4 were 23 cases,5 were 9 cases.Axillary lymph node metastasis and primary tumor spectrum curves were basically the same.Energy spectrum CT showed the lesion's shape,size,the relationship with the pectoralis major muscle and axillary lymph node metastasis.In 40-70 keV spectrum curve breast cancer displayed a downward trend.There were no significant differences between energy spectrum CT and mammography for the lesion's shape,edge,internal calcification and thickening of adjacent skin (P ＞ 0.05).While energy spectrum CT exhibited obvious advantages in demonstrating the pectoralis major muscle invaded and axillary lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Energy spectrum CT imaging displays greater clinical value for diagnosing breast cancer,and it can provide multi-parameter image for supporting clinical practice.

Objective To carry out unified regulation to the purchase, using and administration of the surgery material, thus to improve the quality of medical work and the level of medical administration. Methods For the one-shot things, interlink administration was needed. For the precision instrument, we carried out the responsibility system within every specific section office, and the administration with pictures and codes. For the expensive instruments and equipments, we made registration and carry out personal responsibility system. We analyzed the existing problems and expected the computer network administration in the future. Results No surgery was affected because of the shortage of materials or the damage of the instruments or equipments. Conclusions With the efficient administration of the surgery material, we can improve the nursing quality in the operation room, avoid medical disputes, and make sure smooth operation, thus every patient can recover soon.

Objective To explore the clinical features and gene mutations of blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome (BPID). Methods The clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of a child with BPID in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were reviewed. Based on the literature retrieved from PubMed database, the common classification, clinical features, diagnosis and genetic counseling of BPID and its affiliated blepharophimosis-mental retardation syndromes (BMR) were reviewed. Results This male infant was 39 weeks of gestational age with birth weight of 1920 g, and was admitted to NICU 15 min after birth due to dyspnea. The main clinical manifestations were facial deformity such as biepharophimosis, ptosis and micromandible, inspiratory dyspnea with laryngeal cartilage softening, malformations of the thorax and feeding difficulties. A heterozygous mutation in UBE3B gene was identified by complete exon sequencing and he was diagnosed of BPID, a rare genetic disorder. Reviewing the literature, there was no relevant report in domestic. While one foreign literature was found to report 5 patients from 4 families having a subtype of BMR, a kind of autosomal recessive diseases caused by mutations in the UBE3B gene. Conclusion BPID is a rare clinical entity of BMR. Complete exon sequencing can be used to diagnose the disease.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and therapy of Nocardia infection, and provide reference for clinical practice.Methods Patients with positive specimen culture of Nocardia from May 2014 to June 2016 were surveyed retrospectively, the body status, clinical features, therapeutic regimen, and prognosis were analyzed.Results A total of 10 cases of Nocardia infection were surveyed, there were 7 males and 3 females;average age was (49.90+13.75) years old.Nocardia infection occurred mostly in population with impaired immune status or underlying diseases, the main infection site was lung, compound sulfamethoxazole was the first choice drug for treatment of infection, amikacin, imipenem/cilastatin and so on were alternative choice according to disease condition, 8 patients all improved after therapy.Conclusion The diagnosis made on the basis of microbiological examination, imaging, and pathological examination, combined with comprehensive judgment according to risk factors of Nocardia infection, patient can be treated timely and rationally, and the prognosis is better.

Salvia miltorrhiza Bge is a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicines. Until recently, dozens of compound ingredients with medicinal properties have been identified from S. miltorrhiza. Proteome analysis on medicinal ingredients synthesis mechanisms could provide a theoretical basis for S. miltorrhiza genetic improve-ment. In this study, a S. miltorrhiza specific protein/peptide sequence database was constructed using Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data of multiple types of S. miltorrhiza tissues. The database could act as a key component to carry out the proteome analysis in S. miltorrhiza.

ObjectiveTo observe the increasing effect of infrared irradiation on tyrosinase activity and melanin content in cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes in vitro and to explore the optimal dose of infrared irradiation.MethodsEpidermal melanocytes were isolated from normal human foreskin tissue,and subjected to primary culture.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the effect of different doses(0,20,60,80,100,140,240,320 J/cm2)of infrared light on the proliferation of melanocytes and to select the optimal irradiation dose.Then,melanocytes were irradiated with infrared light at the optimal dose for 3 consecutive days followed by the determination of tyrosinase activity,melanin content,and cell cycle via dopa oxidation assay,NaOH solubilization method and flow cytometry,respectively.ResultsThe best intervention dose of infrared light was 80 J/cm2.The tyrosinase activity(A492 nm) and melanin content(A492 nm)were 0.3601 ± 0.0301 and 0.2748 ± 0.0243 respectively in melanocytes after irradiation with infrared light of 80 J/cm2 for 3 days,significantly higher than those in unirradiated melanocytes(0.3114 ± 0.0341,0.2325 ±0.0254,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05),with an increase rate of 15.64％ and 18.19％ respectively.Cell cycle analysis revealed a decline in cell percentage in G1 phase(P ＜ 0.01 ) but a concomitant increase in cell percentage in G2 and S phase (both P ＜ 0.05) in irradiated melanocytes compared with unirradiated melanocytes.ConclusionsThe optimal dose of infrared light is 80 J/cm2 for the irradiation of melanocytes,and this dose of infrared light can increase melanin content,tyrosinase activity,differentiation and proliferation of melanocytes.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of heat treatment and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation alone or in combination on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in human epidermal melanocytes.Methods Melanocytes were obtained from human foreskin,and subjected to primary culture.After 3 to 5 passages,the melanocytes were classified into 4 groups:control group (receiving no treatment),heat treatment group (treated with heat at 42 ℃ for 1 hour every day for 3 days),UVB group(irradiated with UVB at 50 mJ/cm2 daily for 3days),combination group(treated with heat at 42 ℃ for 1 hour followed by irradiation with UVB at 50 mJ/cm2daily for 3 days).After another 2- to 6-hour culture following the last treatment,melanocytes were collected and subjected to real time PCR and Western blot for the detection of HSP72 mRNA and protein expression,respectively.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expressions of HSP72 were significantly higher in the heat treatment group and combination group than in the control group (mRNA:6.584 ± 0.871 and 7.269 ± 0.454 vs.0.975 ± 0.089,both P ＜ 0.001; protein:2.022 ± 0.058 and 2.080 ± 0.045 vs.0.532 ± 0.033,both P ＜ 0.001 ),but was similar between the UVB group and control group (mRNA:0.832 ± 0.084 vs.0.975 ± 0.089,P ＞ 0.05;protein:0.546±0.021 vs.0.532 ± 0.033,P ＞ 0.05).The ANOVA of factorial design showed that neither heat treatment nor UVB irradiation had interaction effect on the mRNA or protein expression of HSP72 (F =2.106,1.399 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsHeat treatment can cause an increase in the expression of HSP72,which may enhance the function of melanocytes and protect melanocytes from UVB induced damage.