Musashi is a family of RNA binding proteins with a conservative evolution. This protein family is selectively ex-pressed in the nervous system and comprises two members, namely, Musashi-1 and Musashi-2. Musashi-1 and Musashi-2 are transla-tional suppressors of Numb mRNA and can synergistically regulate the Notch signaling pathway;as a result, an asymmetric division of stem cells occurs. Musashi-1 is the first member of the family and was originally isolated from Drosophila. As a candidate stem gene, Musashi-1 participates in disease progression in stem cells. Musashi-1 is also an important protein that maintains the functions of stem cells, participates in tumor-related signaling pathways, and participates in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, Musashi-1 is overexpressed in many solid tumors, such as neuroglioma, esophagus, gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers. Studies on Musashi-1 can provide new insights into genetic diagnosis and cancer treatments. In this study, the structure and function of Musashi-1 and the re-search progress of tumor mechanisms were summarized and reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of vaginal hysterectomy. Methods Clinical data of 118 patients with benign uterine diseases treated by vaginal hysterectomy (Vaginal Group) were retrospectively reviewed and were compared with those of 124 patients who underwent open hysterectomy (Open Group). Results The operative time (50 1 min?15 3 min), the intraoperative blood loss (150 4 ml?56 ml), the number of patients with a need for postoperative analgesics (26 cases), the postoperative pyrexia (42 cases), the time to first getting out of bed (26 4 h?6 3 h) and the length of hospitalization (5 2 d?1 2 d) in the Vaginal Group were significantly less than those in the Open Group (70 3 min?12 4 min, 212 2 ml?70 3 ml, 124 cases, 94 cases, 48 5 h?12 1 h, 8 2 d?2 2 d, respectively; P =0 000). There were no statistical significances between the two groups in occurrence of intra- or post- operative complications (Vaginal Group: 0 8%, 1/118, Open Group: 5 6%, 7/124; ? 2=2 982, P =0 084). Conclusions Vaginal hysterectomy has the advantages over open hysterectomy in minimal invasion and rapid recovery.

Objective To explore the changes of urinary Trypsinogen Activation Peptide (TAP) levels in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods We observed the association between urinary TAP concentration and severity of acute pancreatitis with competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Urine samples were collected for TAP concentration at admission,24,48,and 72 h from 57 patients with AP who presented within 48 h of the onset of symptoms and from 11 control patients. Results The median urinary TAP at admission for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) (98 nmol/L) was signficantly higher than the median for both mild pancreatitis (22 nmol/L,P0.05).The peak median urinary TAP in severe eroup was seen at admission.In the following days,TAP concentrations decreased graduallg.Conclusion Breakthrough activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic interstitial and blood may be the key event in the development of SAP.

Objective: To explore the association between stress, coping style, social support and subjective well-being (SWB) of college Students. Methods: 1773 college students from 8 colleges in Guangzhou were tested with Index of Well-being Questionnaire, College Students’ Stress Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). And structural equation model (SEM) was built based on the data. Results: SEM revealed ?2/df=2.837, RMSEA=0.032, and indexes of GFI、AGFI、NFI、NNFI、CFI were all above 0.9. Stress and passive coping style had passive effect on SWB (the overall regression weights were -0.377 and -0.130 respectively). Social support and positive coping style had positive effect on SWB (the overall regression weights were 0.286 and 0.277 respectively). Conclusion: Stress, coping style and social support are important forecast variables of SWB.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of low-dose ketamine for prevention of shivering during cesarean section under subarachnoid space and epidural anesthesia.Methods Ninety pregnant women who scheduled cesarean delivery under subarachnoid space and epidural anesthesia were randomized divided into three groups:control group (30 patients) low-dose ketamine group (30 patients) and high-dose ketamine group (30 patients).0.9％ sodium chloride,0.25 mg/kg(3 ml),and 0.50 mg/kg (3 ml) ketamine were given in three groups before operation.The incidence of shivering and adverse effect were recorded respectively before anesthesia,after anesthesia 15 min and 30 min and after operation 1 h.Results The level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in control group after anesthesia 15 main and 30 min and after operation 1 h[(62 ± 10),(58 ± 8),(61 ± 11) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)] were significantly lower than those in high-dose ketamine group [(78 ± 12),(82 ± 8),(76 ± 11)mm Hg] and low-dose ketamine group [(72 ± 10),(76 ± 6),(80 ± 7) mm Hg],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no shivering need treat in low-dose ketamine group and high-dose ketamine group.The rate of hallucinations and nystagmus in low-dose ketamine group [0,6.7％ (2/30)] was significantly lower than that in high-dose ketamine group [20.0％ (6/30),50.0％ (15/30)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The pretreatment with low-dose ketamine on shivering during cesarean section under subarachnoid space and epidural anesthesia has better preventive effectiveness,0.25 mg/kg of ketamine is more effective than 0.50mg/kg.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection with BCG-polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN) in treating bronchial asthma. Method Seventy-two patients with bronchial asthma were randomized into an acupoint injection group and a muscular injection group, 36 cases in each group. The acupoint injection group was intervened by acupoint injection with BCG-PSN to Zusanli (ST36) and Dingchuan (EX-B1) alternately, 1 mL for two points in total each time; the muscular injection group was intervened by muscular injection at the same dose and frequency, twice a week, for successive 3 months. The pulmonary function and asthma control test (ACT) were estimated before and after intervention and during March of the next year. Result After intervention, the FEV1 values were (80.97±2.31)% and (80.78±2.56)% respectively in the acupoint injection group and muscular injection group, and PEF values were (6.50±0.21)L/s and (6.48±0.25)L/s, and the between-group differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The ACT score was (23.02±1.03) in the acupoint injection group, significantly better than (22.40±2.04) in the muscular injection group (P<0.05). The follow-up study showed that the ACT score in the acupoint injection group was superior to that in the muscular injection group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupoint injection and muscular injection with BCG-PSN can equally improve the pulmonary function in bronchial asthma, while the acupoint injection can produce a more significant effect than muscular injection in improving ACT.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the antitumor activities of kushen (Sophora flavescens) flavonoids (KS-Fs) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Cell proliferation was assayed by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. H22 hepatocellular carcinoma and S180 sarcoma were induced in ICR mice. Lewis lung carcinoma was induced in C57BL/6 mice. H460 and Eca-109 tumor were induced in Balb/c nude mice by injecting 5x10(5) or 5x10(6) tumor cells in the right flank, respectively. RESULTS: KS-Fs could inhibit the growth of a variety of human tumor cell lines (A549, SPC-A-1, NCI-H460, etc.) in vitro. The antitumor efficacies were confirmed in the mice models of H22, S180 and Lewis lung tumors and the nude mice models of human H460 and Eca-109 xenografted tumors. The oral or intravenous maximum tolerated dose of KS-Fs was more than 2.8 g/kg or 750 mg/kg respectively, far more than the oral medial lethal dose of kushen alkaloids (< or = 1.18 g/kg). No adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that KS-Fs or kurarinone may be developed as a novel antitumor agent.

Objective To establish a reliable unstable pelvic fracture model with sacral plexus stretch injury in goats and to detect electrophysiological signals when pelvis is shifted in different orientations and distance.Methods Twenty-four goats were divided into three groups of 8 animals each:pelvic longitudinal displacement was induced in group A,pelvic lateral displacement in group B,and pelvic dorsal displacement in group C.Animal left L6 and S1 nerve root and initial segment of sciatic nerve were exposed to connect stimulating and receiving electrodes respectively.Left pelvis was shifted at the speed of 0.25 mm/s to produce the model of unstable pelvic fracture with sacral plexus stretch injury.Electrophysiological signals of L6 and S1 were recorded when the placement of pelvis was 0,0.5 and 1.0 cm respectively.Results With pelvic displacement,the threshold potential,maximum stimulus potential and incubation period were gradually increased,but the peak-to-peak value became smaller gradually.When the pelvis displaced 0.5 cm at different orientations,group A showed improved threshold potential and incubation period (P ＜0.05),decreased peak-to-peak value (P ＜0.05),and no significant change in maximum stimulus potential(P ＞0.05);group B only showed lowered peak-to-peak value with no significant variations in other electrophysiological signals (P ＜ 0.05);group C had no significant variations in all electrophysiological signals (P ＞ 0.05).When the pelvis displaced 1.0 cm at different orientations,groups A and B showed improved threshold potential,maximum stimulus potential and incubation period (P ＜ 0.05) and lowered peak to peak value (P ＜ 0.05);group C showed higher incubation period with no significant variations in other electrophysiological signals(P ＜0.05).Between groups,the amplitude of variation in electrophysiological signals was the most in group A and the least in group C.Conclusion After unstable pelvis fracture in goats,sacral plexus stretch injury is the most serious in longitudinal displacement of the pelvis.

Objective To explore the adeno-associated virus (AAV)gene transduction and cellular endocytosis mediated by ultrasound combined with microbubbles in two types of cells.Methods HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells were infected by rAAV2-EGFP at a concentration gradient to get the optimal concentrations for enhancement.At these concentrations,HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells were infected by rAAV2-EGFP mediated by ultrasound combined with microbubbles.The gene transduction efficiency were observed and measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry at 48 h after treatment.The cell viability was tested by CCK-8.The number and distribution of cellular clathrin-coated endocytic pits were observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on 45 min after treatment.Results The optimal concentrations for HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells were 2000 v.g./cell and 10000 v.g./cell.Ultrasound combined with microbubbles significantly enhanced the transduction efficiency of rAAV2-EGFP (P <0.01) without significant cell viability decrease (P > 0.05 ).Confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that clathrin-coated endocytic pits were more obviously increased in ultrasound combined with microbubbles mediated AAV transduction group than AAV transduction group. Conclusions Ultrasound combined with microbubbles can efficiently enhance the gene transduction of AAV,whose cellular transportation depends on cellular endocytosis,in two types of cells.Stimulating cellular endocytosis might be one of the mechanisms of enhanced cellular transportation of AAV mediated by ultrasound combined with microbubbles.

Objective To investigate a simple and efficient fluorescence in situ hybridization method for prenatal diagnosis.Methods Thirty-six cases of chorionic villus samples were hybridized with probes 18/X/Y,13/21 by using traditional cuhure methods and modified three-step methods in controlled experimentation during 2012 to 2013.The hybridization rate and fluorescence signals were analyzed.Results A total of 72 hybrid zone were detected.Probe 21/13 hybridization rate and fluorescence signals of three-step modified methods were higher than that of traditional methods(99.72％ ±0.42％ vs 85.90％ ±4.15％,t =20.4,P ＜0.01; 2.58 ±0.50 vs 1.52 ± 0.55,t =7.53,P ＜0.01).Probe 18/X/Y has the same hybridization rate and fluorescence signals between three-step modified methods and traditional methods (99.57％ ±0.53％ vs99.70％ ±0.42％,t=1.30,P＞0.05; 2.22±0.42 vs2.36±0.48,t=1.57,P＞0.05).The coincidence rate of two methods was 100％ (36/36).Conclusion The modified fluorescence in situ hybridization three-step methods in the study was simple,rapid,effective and environment-friendly.At the same time,it has some defects such as the signals of 18/X/Y was not concentrated enough.Further exploration is needed.