ER, and least marked when IR

Objective:To study the association of TGF?2 polymorphisms and maternal smoking with the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate(NSCLP). Methods:TGF?2 genes were amplified from peripheral leukocytes by means of PCR in 272 cases of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P), 251 of cleft palate only(CPO) and 312 of unrelated controls in Jilin Province, PCR products were analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism(SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Maternal smoking was investigated. The association of TGF?2 polymorphisms, maternal smoking with the occurrence of CL/P and CPO was analyzed by SAS statistic system. Results:The 322 bp PCR product of TGF?2 was amplified from CL/P, CPO and control samples; SSCP analysis showed three alleles of TGF?2;sequencing results showed that allele1, allele2 and allele3 contained seven, eight and nine ACA repeats respectively. The statistic analysis showed that TGF?2 polymorphisms or maternal smoking was associated with the occurrence of CL/P and CPO respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:TGF?2 polymorphisms and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with the occurrence of CL/P and CPO. TGF?2 polymorphisms have no interaction with maternal smoking.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the best evidence of general anesthesia health education for adult patients undergoing elective surgery, so as to provide a basis for clinical health education guidance.Methods:Evidence-based questions were established based on the population, intervention, professional, outcome, setting and type of evidence (PIPOST) model. All evidence on general anesthesia health education for adult patients undergoing elective surgery were retrieved from databases or professional association websites such as Cochrane Library, British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, UpToDate, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Clinical Guidelines Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, Medlive, American Society of Anesthesiologists, and Society of Anesthesiology of the Chinese Medical Association. The search period was from database establishment to June 18, 2023. Two researchers screened and evaluated the quality of the included literature, extracted and integrated the evidence to form the best evidence for general anesthesia health education in adult patients undergoing selective surgery.Results:A total of 10 articles were included, including four guidelines, three clinical decision-making, and three expert consensus. A total of 41 pieces of evidence on general anesthesia health education for adult patients undergoing elective surgery were extracted, including six aspects of anesthesia overview, pre-anesthesia evaluation, pre-anesthesia preparation, anesthesia process and cooperation, anesthesia recovery period management, and postoperative management.Conclusions:The best evidence of general anesthesia health education for adult patients undergoing selective surgery summarized can provide a basis for comprehensive and systematic education of anesthesia health educators.

AIM: To observe the effects of Tangshen formula (TSF) treatment on lipid efflux and uptake in sodium palmitate (PA) induced RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODS: After 200 μmol/L PA induced RAW264.7 macrophages, TSF and PGC-1α-siRNA were given to intervene respectively. The lipid content in the cells was detected by ELISA kit; intracellular lipid droplet deposition was detected by BODIPY 493/503 and Filipin staining. Western blot and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of PGC-1α, LXR, ABCA1 and CD36. RESULTS: TSF diminished the levels of TC, TG and intracellular lipid droplet deposition in PA-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Western blot and Real-time PCR analysis showed that TSF could up-regulate the expression of PGC-1α, LXR, ABCA1 and down-regulate the expression of CD36. Furthermore, silencing PCG-1α by SiRNA significantly suppressed the effects of upregulating the expression of PGC-1α, LXR and ABCA1, and downregulating the CD36 expression with TSF treatment. CONCLUSION: TSF may extenuate intracellular lipid droplet deposition in macrophages by upregulating cholesterol efflux through activating the PGC-1α/LXR/ABCA1 pathway and inhibiting lipid uptake through down-regulateing the expression of CD36.