AIM: To observe the protective effects of losartan and astragalus membranace on the kidney of diabetic rats, and to study their possible mechanisms. METHODS: The diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. At the end of 12th week,changes in urinary albumin excretion, urinary ? 2-MG excretion, Ccr,NO,ET-1 levels in blood, urinary and renal tissue were observed. Serum and urinary TGF-? 1 concentration,average volume of glomeruler,average thickness of glomerular basement membrane were also measured. RESULTS: In the treated diabetic rats, urinary albumin excretion, urinary ? 2-MG excretion, Ccr, urinary and renal tissue NO, urinary TGF-? 1, average volume of glomeruler, average thickness of glomerular basement membrane decreased obviously as compared with diabetic untreated rats. These effects were enhanced when losartan was combined with astragalus membranace. CONCLUSION: Losartan or astragalus membranace reversed the injury of renal structure and function in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The protective effects were enhanced when losartan was combined with astragalus membranace. The decrease in NO,ET,TGF-? 1 concentration in renal tissue may be one of mechanisms for this action.

Objndve To evaluate the protective effects of specific antagonists of angiotensin II receptor losartan on the kidneys of diabetic rats and study their mechanisms. Methods Changes of urinary albumin, ?2-m excretion, creatinine clearance(Ccr), NO, ET level of plasma, urine and renal tissue, serum and urinary TGF-?1 concentration and mean glomerular volume were measured. Results Losartan could correct elevated urinary albumin, ?2-m excretion, Ccr and mean glomerular volume. Urinary and renal tissue NO, ET concentration decreased after diabetic rats received losartan. Large doses of losartan also reduced urinary TGF-?1 level. Conclusion Losartan can protect the kidney of diabetic rats and the decrease of NO, ET, TGF-?1 concentration in renal tissue may be a mechanism for this action.

Objective To explore the clinical value of methylene blue in sentinel lymph node biopsy ( SLNB) in breast conservative therapy of breast cancer. Methods 55 patients performed sentinel lymph node biopsy( SLNB)in were analyzed,with breast conservative therapy of breast cancer in clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ. The mapping procedures and SLNB were performed using subareolar injection of Methylene blue dye,followed by the axillary lymph node dissection(ALND). All of the SLN and ALN were evaluated pathologically after the operations. Results Among 55 cases ,52 cases were checked out sentinel lymph node and the positive rate was 95% (52/55). The axillary status was 100% accurately predicted by SLNs;Sensitivity in this group was 93% (52/55) ;False negative rate was 5% (1/20);False positive rate was 0. Conclusion Methylene blue dye is a reliable method for sentinel lymph node biopsy. SLNB is a simple and safe technic, which helps to reveal the state of the axillary lymph nodes.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of adhesive negative pressure suction apparatus in treatment of wound infection after colorectal surgery.Methods From January 2010 to November 2011,consecutive patients with wound infection after colorectal surgery were randomized to the experimental group (n =24 ) and the control group (n =24).The patients in experimental group were treated with the adhesive negative pressure suction apparatus.The patients in the control group were treated with traditional wound therapy.The results of treatment were evaluated.Results Time from debriding the wound infection to secondary suture was significantly shorter in patients of the experimental group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The total number of dressing changes was very significantly less in patients of the experimental group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The total cost of dressing in experimental group was significantly less than the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The application of adhesive negative pressure suction apparatus in treatment of the wound infection after colorectal surgery can shorten the wound processing time,reduce the number of dressing changes and the total cost of dressing,thus has a high clinical value.

Objective To observe the efficacy of ealcitonin and bisphosphonates on renal osteopathy of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)patients. Methods Forty-three MHD patients were raindomly divided into two groups: A group and B group. All the patients were routinely received oral calcium carbonate 1.0 g tid and calcitriol 0.25 μg qd. Calcitonin (20U) hypodermic injection was given three times a week additionally during hemodialysis in A group. Patients in B group received bisphosphonates 70 mg once a week based on the therapy of A group. Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), bone mass density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femoral neck, and the degree of bone ache (visual analogue scale, VAS) were assessed before the therapy and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. The adverse reactions were recorded during treatment. Results The levels of AKP and iPTH in both two groups decreased significantly after treatment. The above values of pre-treatment and 12 months after treatment were as follows: AKP(U/L)of A group 244.05±41.99 and 148.35±27.71,of B group 245.60±40.86 and 143.40±28.03;PTH(ng/L) of A group 697.5±119.7 and 267.4±45.9,of B group 708.2±120.3 and 277.6±41.9 (all P<0.05). While the levels of calcium and phosphorus did not change obviously during treatment (P>0.05). BMD was not improved at 3, 6 mouths and became better at 12 mouths after treatment. As compared to pre-treatment, BMD of lumbar spine(g/cm2) in A group was 1.062±0.223 vs 1.202±0.251 ,in B group 1.033±0.152 vs 1.189±0.225; BMD of femoral neck (g/cm2)in A group was 0.993±0.108 vs 1.067±0.095,in B group 0.947±0.083 vs 1.018 ±0.217 (all P<0.05). The scores of VAS also decreased significantly at 3, 6, 12 months after treatment(P<0.05). No severe adverse reaction was found during the treatment. Conclusions Utilization of calcitonin and combination with bisphosphonates during bemodialysis can effectively preserve the BMD and prevent bone loss in MHD patients and is well tolerated. No significant difference of therapeutic effect is observed between using ealcitonin or combination with bisphosphonates.

Objective Recent researches indicate that Eph/ephrin signaling pathway is possibly related to adult neurogenesis after cerebral injury..With brief introduction of their structures and interactions,the review focus on their possible mechanism in adult neurogenesis.Methods The literatures between 2010 and 2015 were retrieved following online databases:PUBMED,ScienceDirect,Wanfang and CNKI database.The key words used in the reasearch were Eph,ephrin,cerebral injury,adult neurogenesisand so on.Results Totally 42 related articles were enrolled.And these papers discribed how researchers performed their experiments and further explained Eph/ephrin 's vital roles in adult neurogenesis.Conclusion Eph/ephrin signaling can influence adult neurogenesis after cerebral injury.positively or negatively.And Akt may be a downstream signaling molecule of Eph/ephrin that change the progress of adult neurogenesis.However,the detailed mechanisms remain to be further study.

To observe the morphology of corneal endothelial cells after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis ( Femto-LASlK) .METHODS:From May to September in 2013, 88 eyes of 45 patients with myopia who accepted Femto-LASlK were enrolled in this study. The morphology of central corneal endothelial cells was measured by a non-contact corneal endothelial cell analyzer before, 1mo and 1a after surgery. The number, density, average size, size standard deviation, size coefficient of variation and hexagonality of the corneal endothelial cells were observed. All the measurements were analyzed by statistical analysis.RESULTS: All patients underwent operation smoothly, and no complication was observed during and after surgery;One month after surgery, the endothelial cell density (ECD) was 2815. 34±297. 07/mm2, which had a 2. 64% decrease compared with preparative ECD (t=4. 60, P= 0. 00), there was no statistical significance between ECD measurements of 1mo and 1a after surgery ( P>0. 05 ); One month after surgery, the size standard deviation ( SSD ) was 118. 47 ± 31. 58μm2 , which increased significantly compared with the preoperative SSD(t=-3. 87, P=0. 03), there was no statistical significance between SSD measurements of 1mo and 1a after surgery ( P>0. 05 );After surgery, the number, hexagonality, average size and size coefficient of variation of the corneal endothelial cells didn't change statistically(P>0. 05).CONCLUSlON: ln the early period after Femto-LASlK, the ECD decreased slightly, however this kind of surgery did not have significant harm to the function of corneal endothelial cells, and the surgery didn't cause the progressive loss of corneal endothelial cells.

Objective To conduct intensive clinical skill training for non-mainland medicine interns and to explore the effects of training.Methods Twenty-six new clinical interns in the first affiliated hospital of Jinan university from June 2019 to June 2011 were enrolled and the 96 hours of intensive training was conducted.Results The scores of theoretical examination,puncture operation,physical examination and complete medical records of the 26 non-mainland interns were improved after training ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and were higher than those of mainland interns ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The enhancement in complete medical recording skills was the greatest and in puncture operation was the smallest among the four techniques.Conclusions The intensive training can effectively improve the clinical skills of nonmainland medical interns and the improvement of clinical skills in non-mainland interns is greater than that in mainland students.

This paper is to report the determination of the skeletal muscle cellular membrane potential (SMCMP) in vivo with the technique of "Semi-floating"glass microelectrode. The changes of SMCMP and the distribution of extra- and intracellular electrolytes and water in different phases of irreversible hemo-rrhagic shock in rabbits were studied systematically.It was found that SMCMP decreased significantly and immediately as soon as hypotension occurred, which means that the functions of the cellular membrane begin to deteriorate in the early stage of shock; SMCMP continued to decrease when the shock was progressing, which reflects that besides the failure of the cellular membrane function, there is also the degradation of the functions of the cell proper; the leakage of the intracellular potassium across the cellular membrane and the retention of the intracellular sodium and water occurred three hours after the onset of the shock, which indicates that the inability of cells to regulate their volume.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with important human diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, malignant lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of EBV entry into host cells remains a subject of intensive research. After decades of study, researchers have identified several key proteins and different patterns of EBV intrusion into host cells. The viral surface glycoproteins, gp350/220, gp42, gB, gH, and gL, are involved in interactions with the CR2 receptor on the surface of B lymphocytes during viral entry. However, the majority of epithelial cells lack CR2 receptor expression, which makes viral invasion much more complex than in B lymphocytes. Three different models have been proposed to explain how EBV enters epithelial cells: (1) "transfer of infection", mediated by B lymphocytes or Langerhans cells; (2) EBV utilizes its own proteins during the process of fusion with the cell membrane; and (3) progeny virions arising from EBV-infected epithelial cells cross lateral membranes into adjacent epithelial cells. This review will discuss the relevant mechanism of viral entry into B lymphocytes and epithelial cells during EBV infection.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; virology ; Epithelial Cells ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Internalization