OBJECTIVE:To study the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolate mofetil capsules vs.Mycophenolate mofetil soft capsules in healthy volunteers.METHODS:In double period randomized crossover study,20 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of trial capsule and reference capsule 4 pills(0.25 g per pill).The concentration of mycophenolate(MPA) was determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAs 2.0 software and the bioequivalence of 2 formulations were evaluated.RESULTS:Main pharmacokinetic parameters of trial capsule vs.reference capsule were as follows:AUC0→t:(69.95?14.13)?g?h?mL-1 vs.(66.95?19.05)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(85.18?20.51)?g?h?mL-1 vs.(77.39?23.78) ?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(31.26?13.09)?g?mL-1 vs.(31.90?14.45)?g?mL-1;tmax:(0.875?0.358)h vs.(0.775?0.291)h.The relative bioavailability of Mycophenolate mofetil soft capsules in 20 healthy volunteers was(109.6?26.9)%.CONCLUSION:Results of study indicated the 2 formulations are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo and tendency of the use of nootropics in our hospital.METHODS:The nootropics used in our hospital from 2004 to 2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The consumption sum of nootropics in our hospital increased year by year,2.03 times in 2005 and 1.46 times in 2006 respectively over their previous year.The consumption sum of Ginkgo biloba extract for nootropics took the lead from 2005 to 2006,over 60% of which were medical insurance drugs.CONCLUSION:Leading the list of nootropics in our hospital is plant amedica,with its consumption sum and DDDs showing the equal importance in drug control,suggesting the great market demand for nootropics.

Objective To realize the format conversion from DICOM images to common images with simple and convenient meth-ods. Methods Parsing the DICOM files adopting the object-oriented idea, the DICOM images were changed over on the basis of DCMTK toolkit. Results The VC++ project was built with the DICOM toolkit and the conversion of image formats was achieved. Conclusion This method conveniently achieves the conversion among kinds of image formats. The converted images are completely accord with the practicable standards;moreover, it's greatly convenient for the following processing and manipulations.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of two kinds of preparations of valaciclovir hydrochloride.METHODS:This was a randomized two-way cross-over study.A total of 18 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive single oral dose of test valaciclovir tablets(trial group) or reference valaciclovir tablets(control group),with the plasma aciclovir concentrations determined by HPLC,the pharmacokinetics parameters calculated and the relative bioavailability evaluated using 3p97 program.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters test and reference valaciclovir hydrochloride tablets were as follows:AUC0～ 24:(12.85? 4.32) vs.(12.19? 4.63) ?g? h? mL-1;AUC0～ ∞:(14.65? 5.75) vs.(13.27? 5.03) ?g? h? mL-1;Cmax:(3.55? 0.92) vs.(3.71? 0.97) ?g? mL-1;tmax:(1.44? 0.43) h vs.(1.33? 0.37) h;t1/2:(6.23? 2.81) h and(4.55? 1.84) h.The relative bioavailability of the test valaciclovir tablets were(111.01? 23.52) %.CONCLUSION:The reference valaciclovir tablets and the test valaciclovir tablets were bioequivalent.

0.05) . CONCLUSION: Gatifloxacin has no significant influence on pharmacokinetics of the hepatic injury model group as compared with the normal group.

OBJECTEVE:To probe into the difference of drug prices between used in hospital and retailed in market.METHODS:Analysis the different reasons of drug price from drug quality assurance system,pharmaceutical care,drug using structure system and function mechanism.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:It's rational that the drug prices used in hospital high_ er than in retailed market.It's pratical and realistic attitude to the fact that the same drug has different prices in the medical market.

The real-time in vivo measurement method has been urgently needed in the research of pharmacokinetics. In the present paper a new in vivo detection method based on fluorescence spectroscopy has been proposed and the monitoring system has been built which is used for pharmacokinetics studies in rats. The relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration was obtained. By detecting the fluorescent dye Cypate in real-time in rats, the properties of the system have been validated by comparing with the fluorescence imaging system in vitro. The results showed that the system could be feasible for: (1) The linear regression equation of Cypate concentration in the range of 0.098-25 microg/ml is y = 73.249x + 130.97 (R2 = 0.9991 and P < 0.001). RSD of high, medium and low concentration is 1.23%, 6.29% and 13.48%, respectively, and the detecting sensitivity is 0.0981 g/ml; (2) The fluorescent dye concentration from the system is consistent (r = 0.9925) with the fluorescence imaging system in vitro. The fluorescent dye metabolism in rats can be well detected. It can be concluded that a new real-time in vivo detecting method in the paper can be used in pharmacokinetics research.
Animals ; Fluorescent Dyes ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Objective To explore the association between lipid profiles and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese general population. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between lipid markers [including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein[a], and composite lipid profiles] and left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 309,400 participants of two populations (one from Beijing and another from nationwide) who underwent physical examinations at different health management centers between 2009 and 2018 in China were included in the cross-sectional study. 7,475 participants who had multiple physical examinations and initially did not have left ventricular hypertrophy constituted a longitudinal cohort to analyze the association between lipid markers and the new-onset of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was measured by echocardiography and defined as an end-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum or left ventricle posterior wall > 11 mm. The Logistic regression model was used in the cross-sectional study. Cox model and Cox model with restricted cubic splines were used in the longitudinal cohort. Results In the cross-sectional study, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [odds ratio (OR): 1.250, 95％CI: 1.060 to 1.474], HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0.780, 95％CI: 0.662 to 0.918), and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.311, 95％CI: 1.115 to 1.541) had an association with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the longitudinal cohort, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker at the baseline compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [hazard ratio (HR): 3.277, 95％CI: 1.720 to 6.244], HDL-cholesterol (HR: 0.516, 95％CI: 0.283 to 0.940), non-HDL-cholesterol (HR: 2.309, 95％CI: 1.296 to 4.112), apolipoprotein B (HR: 2.244, 95％CI: 1.251 to 4.032) showed an association with new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy. In the Cox model with forward stepwise selection, triglycerides were the only lipid markers entered into the final model. Conclusion Lipids levels, especially triglycerides, are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Controlling triglycerides level potentiate to be a strategy in harnessing cardiac remodeling but deserve to be further investigated.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the most polymorphic region known in the human genome. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the HLA-A gene polymorphisms defined by the high-resolution typing methods--sequence-based typing (SBT) in 161 Northern Chinese Han people. A total of 74 different HLA-A gene types and 36 alleles were detected. The most frequent alleles were A*110101 (GF=0.2360), A*24020101 (GF=0.1646), and A*020101 (GF=0.1553); followed by A*3303 (GF=0.1180), A*3001 (GF=0.0590),and A*310102 (GF=0.0404). The frequencies of following alleles, A*0203, A*0205,A*0206, A*0207, A*030101, A*2423, A*2601, A*3201, and A*3301, are all higher than 0.0093. The homozygous alleles include A*020101, A*110101, A*24020101 and A*310102. Heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), discrimination power (DP) and probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) of HLA-A in the samples were calculated and their values were 0.8705, 0.8491, 0.6014, and 0.9475, respectively. These results by SBT analysis of HLA-A polymorphism in Northern Chinese Han population, especially the allele subtypes character, will be of great interest for clinical transplantation, disease-associated study and forensic identification. Implementation of high-resolution typing methods allows a significantly wider spectrum of HLA variation including rare alleles. This spectrum will further be extensively utilized in many fields.