Parkinson′s disease(PD),the second neurodegenerative disease in the world,is characterized by a combination of motor symptoms(rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,postural instability,stooped posture and freezing of gait)and non-motor symp?toms(including psychiatric and cognitive disorders). The core neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of iron and cytoplasmic protein aggregates(Lewy bodies)inside neurons. Currently,clinical treatment for PD is symptomatic and there is no effective treatment to restore neuronal degeneration. In the PD therapy ,medication re?mains dominant. Anti-PD drugs are mainly based on the critical signal pathways or some specific targets which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PD to relieve the symptoms of PD. Research and development in novel drugs to prevent or treat PD have been a crucial subject,and some novel candidates are under development. In this paper,we summarize and analyze the anti-PD drugs,and make a brief discussion about its pharmacological targets.

Objective To develop and validate a simple,rapid,sensitive,and reproducible HPLC method for simultaneous determination of baicalein and its metabolite baicalin in dog plasma and for the subsequent pharmacokinetic study after iv administration to dogs.Methods An accurate and reproducible HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of baicalein and baicalin in dog plasma,using luteolin as internal standard.The analytes were separated by an Agilent Zorbax SB-C<,18> column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃.The mobile phase was a binary mixture of acetonitrile and water(27:73),containing 0.05% phosphoric acid in water,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detector was set al 276 nm.Results Linear relationships were validated over the range of 0.05-25 μg/mL for baicalein and 0.05-20 μg/mL for baicalin.The intra-and inter-day precision values for all samples were within 8.0%,using relative standard deviation.This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies in dogs after iv administration of baicalein.Baicalein was converted to baicalin quickly.Cmax values were 21.13 μg/mL at 0.05 h for baicalein and 1.57 μg/mL at 0.5 h for baicalin,areas under the plasma concentration-time curve were 4.97 h.μg/mL for baicalein and 0.63 h.μtg/mL for baicalin,and the elimination half-life is 0.50 h for baicalein and 0.75 h for baicalin,respectively.Conclusion The method is able and sufficient to be used in drug metabolism and pharmacoklnetic studies of baicalein.

Objective:To establish a model C-GALAD for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the chronic liver disease and healthy people based on the serum markers.Methods:A clinical cohort including 229 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 2 317 patients with chronic liver disease and 982 healthy people, was retrospectively collected from eight hospitals or physical examination institutions from April 2018 to October 2020. The data were divided into a training set and a testing set by stratified sampling with a 6∶4 ratio. A predictive model was established on the training set using a logistic backward regression method and validated on the testing set. In addition, clinical data from March to July 2021 in Beijing You′ an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, including 84 patients with liver cancer and 204 patients with chronic liver disease collected were used for external independent validation of the model. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area under curve (AUC), the sensitivity and the specificity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model.Results:Through the logistic backward regression method, the seven signatures including age, gender, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein alloplasm-3 ratio (AFP-L3%), des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin(DCP), platelet (PLT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were selected as risk factors in the detection model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model on the testing set was 0.954, with an 88.04% sensitivity and a 94.85% specificity, and the AUC of model on the external independent validation set was 0.943, with an 89.29% sensitivity and a 90.2% specificity, which were better than other published models.Conclusion:The C-GALAD Ⅱ model can accurately predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence, and thus provide a trustworthy diagnosis method of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To explore the chain mediating effect of anxiety and flow experience on perceived stress and mobile phone addiction in nursing college students.Methods:In December 2021, a cross-sectional design survey was conducted on 4 179 freshmen and sophomores in a nursing college in Heilongjiang Province. The Chinese perceived stress scale, generalized anxiety disorder-7, flow state scale, and mobile phone addiction tendency scale were selected separately to assess perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, flow experience and mobile phone addiction. SPSS 26.0 software was used for descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and AMOS 24.0 software was used for mediating effect test. Results:(1) Among the 3 050 nursing students, there were 714(23.41%) students who were addicted to mobile phones. (2) Spearman correlation analysis indicated that perceived stress(27.31±9.56) was positively correlated with anxiety(7.00(1.00, 10.00), r=0.441, P<0.05), flow experience((12.00±3.40), r=0.517, P<0.05), and mobile phone addiction((42.42±13.05), r=0.476, P<0.05).Anxiety was positively correlated with flow experience ( r=0.430, P<0.01) and mobile phone addiction ( r=0.538, P<0.01).Flow experience was positively correlated with mobile phone addiction ( r=0.490, P<0.01). (3) Anxiety and flow experience played seperate mediating and chain mediating roles between perceived stress and mobile phone addiction, accounting for 26.06%(0.165/0.633), 23.54%(0.149/0.633) and 3.48%(0.022/0.633) of the total effect. Conclusion:Perceived stress not only directly affects the mobile phone addiction of nursing students, but also indirectly affects mobile phone addiction through the independent and chain mediating effects of anxiety and flow experience.

【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of blood transfusion compatibility testing for multiple myeloma(MM) patients treated with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab (DARA) after DARA-Fab fragment blocking, and to evaluate the transfusion efficacy by comparing with dithiothreitol(DTT) method. 【Methods】 After DARA was prepared into DARA-Fab fragments using PierceFab preparation kit, the neutralization effects of different volumes (5, 10, 15, 30 μL) on screening cells and panel cells were confirmed. DARA-Fab fragments and screening cells with specific antigens and corresponding monoclonal antibody reagents were used as the experimental group and the control group with the same volume of saline for incubating and centrifugin.Twenty MM patients treated with DARA were selected for cross-matching with DARA-Fab and DTT respectively, and the laboratory indexes before and after transfusion were statistically analyzed, and the two blood matching methods were compared. 【Results】 After incubating and centrifuging, the results of DARA-Fab fragments(15, 30 μL) with screening cells and serum mixed with DARA were negative, while those of DARA-Fab(5, 10 μL) were positive. 15μL DARA-Fab treated antibody identification cells (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11) were negative, antibody identification cells (1, 6, 8, 10, 12) were negative after 30 μL DARA-Fab fragments treatment; the results of MNS, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, Lewis, Rh blood group system of the experimental group were consistent with those of the control group; the hemoglobin (Hb) (g/L) of 20 patients after infusion of RBC (73.90±1.90) was significantly higher than that before transfusion (63.60±1.58), P<0.01. There was no significant difference in total bilirubin(TBil)(μmol/L)(16.25±3.54 vs 17.87±3.57), direct bilirubin(DBIL)(μmol/L)(6.31±2.32 vs 7.10±2.80)and indirect bilirubin(I-Bil)(9.94±1.38 vs 10.77±1.22) before and after infusion(P>0.05).And no statistical difference was noticed in Hb (10.75±1.04 vs 10.30±0.98), TBil (3.31±1.47 vs 3.31±0.55), DBIL(2.76±1.24 vs 2.60±0.83), and I-Bil(1.97±0.40 vs 2.82±0.53) between the DTT treatment method and the DARA Fab fragment treatment before and after transfusion(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 DARA-Fab can remove the interference of RBC on cross matching by blocking CD38 antigen. This method has no effect on the antigens of common RBC blood group systems, and shows significant blood transfusion efficacy as that of DTT method.