Objective To investigate the effect of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on learning and memory abilities in vascular demensia (VD) rats. Methods VD model rats was established by two-vessel method. 60 3-month-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into VD group, sham-operate group and NBP group. Rats in NBP group were given NBP 120 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ,VD and sham-operate group were given equal quality vegetable oil.Morris water maze was used to assess the learning and memory abilities in each group and HE staining was used to observe the hippocampus morphology of the rats. Results The escape latency in hidden plat test was( (38.34 ±2.46 ) s, ( 14.83 ± 3.77s ), ( 75.74 ± 6.33 ) s ) and the original platform quadrant time was ( ( 26.45 ± 4.66 ) s,(35.21 ±3.78)s, ( 18.67 ±5.39)s) in NBP group,sham-operate group and VD group respectively. Compared to VD group, NBP group had obviously decreased escape latency in hidden plat test, increased original platform quadrant time and distinctly decreased the necrosis of the neurons in HE dyeing. Conclusion NBP can improve the learning and memory deficits in VD rats.

Objective To study the effects of butylphthalide on cognitive function,apoptosis and pp38MAPK in hippocampus of rat model of vascular dementia.Methods The vascular dementia (VD) model was established by two vascular (2VO) method,and then sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into VD group,sham operation group and NBP (butylphthalide) group.Rats in NBP group were given 120 mg · kg-1 · day-1 dose butylphthalide by gavage,and rats in VD group and sham operation group were given the same dose vegetable oil.The cognitive function of each rat was tested by Morris water maze.The expression of p-p38MAPK in the hippocampus was observed by Western blot;and the apoptosis was observed in hippocampal CAl region by TUNEL staining.Results The hidden platform escape latency of NBP group ((48.72 ± 7.01) s,(42.41 ± 4.06) s,(40.34 ± 2.46) s)was significantly shortened compared with those of VD group((82.71±8.27) s,(80.36±9.65) s,(77.74±6.33) s)(P＜ 0.01) ; and the former platform quadrant time and the number of passing through the platform of NBP group ((26.45±4.66)s,(1.84±0.82) times) were significantly prolonged (P＜0.01) compared with those of VD group ((18.67±5.39) s,(1.32±0.61) times);the apoptosis and the expression of p38MAPK phosphorylation in hippocampus in NBP group ((153.65±9.85),(0.42±0.04)) significantly reduced (P＜0.01) compared with those of VD group ((209.46±11.49),(0.88±0.10)).Conclusion Butylphthalide can improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats,the reduce apoptosis in the hippocampus by the inhibition of the P38MAPK pathway.This may be one of the ways by which butylphthalide can treat vascular dementia.

Objective To compare gross tumor volume (GTV) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) according to MRI and FDG PET/CT and to investigated four fixed threshold methods to delineate the GTV using FDG PET/CT.Methods Fifty patients with primary biopsy-proven NPC were prospectively were enrolled into the study.FDG PET/CT scans and MRI were carried out within one week prior to pretreatment,respectively.The GTV was named GTV-MRI (GTV were delineated according to MRI),GTV-PETvis,GTV-PET30,GTV-PET40,GTV-PET50 (GTV was delineated according to the PET-based GTVs obtained by visual interpretationor,by percentage of the SUVmax (30％,40％,50％) thresholds,respectively).The differences were compared among the GTV-MRI,GTV-PETvis,GTV-PET30,GTV-PET40 and GTV-PET50 in different by Wilcoxon test.Results Of 50 patients,the median of volume descending order were: GTV-MRI 27.8 cm3,GTV-PETvis 22.2 cm3,GTV-PET30 22.7 cm3,GTV-PET40 14.4 cm3 and GTV-PET50 9.0 cm3.However,there was no significant difference between GTV-PETvis and GTV-PET30 (Z=-0.05,P=0.958),as well as GTV-MRI and GTV-PETvis or GTV-PET30 in 25 patients who were T1-2 stage (Z =-0.93,-0.93,P=0.353,O.353),the other GTVs were all different in 50 patients' (Z=-5.74-2.09,P =0.000-0.037).Conclusions All the GTVs delineated by the different methods of using FDG PET/CT were less than the GTV delineated by MRI.The potential advantages with the GTV-PETvis or GTV-PET30 delineated by FDG PET/CT are reduction of biological metabolic tumor volume in GTV delineation and reduction of the size of the GTV in NPC patients.

Objective To measure the maximum movement of the hyoid bone and ventriculus laryngis during normal swallowing. Methods Forty volunteers were selected as subjects, and an X?ray simulator was used to collect the videos of normal swallowing. Video analysis software was used to capture continuous and quick screenshots of these videos, and the maximum movement of the hyoid bone and ventriculus laryngis was measured. The difference in movement was analyzed by one?way analysis of variance. Results The mean time for swallowing in 40 volunteers was 1.13±0.28 s. During the process of swallowing, the hyoid bone and ventriculus laryngis moved upward first, then outward, and finally returned to the resting position. The maximum movement of the hyoid bone forward and backward was 0.90±0.30 cm;the maximum vertical movement of the hyoid bone was 0.93±0.36 cm. The maximum movement of the ventriculus laryngis forward and backward was 0.69± 0. 25 cm;the maximum vertical movement of the ventriculus laryngis was 1.04±0.45 cm. Further studies showed the effect of age on the time for swallowing (P=0.03), with similar results for the male and female ( P=0.13) . Sex and age had no effects on movement of the hyoid bone and ventriculus laryngis (P=0.28?0.81 and 0.20?0.88). Conclusions During normal swallowing, the hyoid bone and the ventriculus laryngis move first upward and then forward. These movements should be considered during the development of radiotherapy plan for head and neck cancer.

0.05). Conclusion The lesions of left and right hemisphere can both cause cognitive impairment, which is significantly correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in acute stroke patients with subcortical lesion.Great attention should be paid to the evaluation and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in patients with serious hemiplegia.