Objective To study the effect on normal ocular tissues after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Nineteen nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients confirmed by pathology were enrolled (38 eyes).All Patients tnderwent visual acuity,slit lamp,fundus,visual evoked potential (VEP) and eleetroretinograms (ERG) examination before IMRT,at the end of IMRT,6 months and 12 months after IMRT.Results ① There was no statistically difference in uncorrected and corrected visual acuity at the various examination time points before and after radiotherapy ( P ＞ 0.05 ).② The average latency of VEP P100 before IMRT,at the end of IMRT,at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was ( 99.684 ± 2.484) μV,( 99.947 ± 2.277 ) μV,( 104.000 ± 3.952 ) μV and ( 101.316 ±2.462) μV respectively.The average latency of VEP P100 was significantly prolonged at 6 months after IMRT compared with the time points of before IMRT,the end of IMRT and 12 months after IMRT ( P ＜ 0.05 ).③ The average latency of ERG b wave before IMRT,at the end of IMRT,at 6 months after IMRT and 12months after IMRT was (44.974 ±3.774) ms,(44.816 ±3.368) ms,(43.184 ±2.837) ms and (44.000 ±3.154) ms respectively. The average amplitude of ERG b wave before IMRT,at the end of IMRT,at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was (421.237 ±27.353) μV,(414.763 ±26.188) μY,(419.026 ±24.876) μV,and (419.974 ± 25.894) μV respectively.No statistically difference was found in average latency and amplitude of ERG b wave at the various examination time points before and after radiotherapy ( P ＞0.(05).④ The average amplitude of Op2 wave before IMRT,at the end of IMRT,at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was (63.184 ± 6.028 ) μV,(48.605 ± 6.872 ) μV,( 50.421 ± 6.769 ) μV and (53.026 ±6.074) μV respectively.At the various time points after IMRT,the average amplitude of Op2 wave was significandy lower than before IMRT (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion IMRT can significantly reduce the incidence of ocular complications.There is a good clinical application value of ERG and VEP for evaluating retina and optical nerve functional changes induced by IMRT.

Objective To detect time-dependent change of neuritin expression in brain tissues after traumatic brain injury and discuss the effect of neuritin after brain damage occurred. Methods Forty-two rats were divided into normal group, control and experimental group. According to the postoperative time divided into 6 subgroups, including 6 hours group, 12 hours group, 24 hours group, 3 days group, 7 days group and 14 days group. Immunohistochemical and western-blot were used to detected the protein expression levels of neuritin. Results The immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive expression of neuritin was strong in the cytomembrane and cytoplasms of the neurons, with a higher intensity, 6 hours after the operation. 12 hours after the operation last to the seventh day, the neurons with the strongest positive expression, is significantly higher than control group and normal group, significant decrease on the fourteenth day. The result of western-blot indicated that the level of neuritin protein sharply increased at 6 hours, reached the peak on 24 hours and after lasted to the seventh day, significantly higher than control group and normal group (P < 0.01), significant decrease on the fourteenth day (P < 0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of neuritin in cerebral contusion tissues may play an important role after traumatic brain injury.

Objective Recent studies have indicated that early brain injury is the leading cause of death in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH) .Our study investigated the role of aminoguanidine ( AG) in early brain injury after SAH . Methods Sixty-eight male SD rats were equally randomized into four groups of equal number :control, sham, SAH, and AG.The animals in the sham group were injected with isotonic saline solution , while those of the latter two groups with femoral artery blood ( FAB) and FAB+AG, respectively, into the pre-chiasmatic cistern to induce SAH. At 24 hours after modeling , all the rats were killed for HE staining , obtainment of behavioral neurological assessment ( BNA ) scores by Garcia, measurement of the apoptosis of neurons by TUNEL , and de-termination of the expressions of the iNOS and NSE proteins by West-ern blot. Results The results of HE staining showed the presence of more red blood cells in the subarachnoid cavity of the rats in the SAH group, with a significantly decreased BNA score ( 14.47 ± 0.62) as compared with those in the control (17.94 ±0.24), sham (17.59 ±0.51), and AG group (15.71 ±0.47) (P<0.05). The rate of positive cells was remarkably higher in the SAH group ([42.38 ±2.38]%) than in the control ([6.35 ±0.94]%), sham ([6.85 ±0.69]%), and AG group ([30.48 ±2.89]%) ( P<0.01), with significant differences among the latter three groups (P<0.05).The expressions of iNOS and NSE were markedly higher in the SAH group ([3.86 ±0.07] and [1.59 ±0.06]) than in the control (0 and[0.35 ±0.09]), sham ([2.96 ±0.34] and [0.38 ±0.08]), and AG group ([3.41 ±0.04] and [0.70 ±0.12]) ( P<0.05).Both the expression levels of iNOS and NSE were positively correlated with the rate of positive cells (r=0 .879 and 0.935, P<0.01). Conclusion AG can alleviate early brain injury after SAH in SD rats by improving the neuro-ethologic function , suppressing the apoptosis of neurons , and reducing the expressions of iNOS and NSE .

Objective: To understand the fruit consumption of adults of Qingdao and examine the association between fruit consumption and stroke. Methods: We analyzed baseline data and stroke incidence of the participants who were aged 30-79 years and had been enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Qingdao city. Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to estimate the association of fruit consumption with risk of stroke. Results: A total of 35 509 participants were investgated in the baseline survey. Ratio of male to female was 1∶1.27, and the average age was (50.3±10.2) years. Respondents with higher frequency of fruit consumption were younger, more women, with higher education level and higher income (P<0.05). A total of 1 011 new cases of stroke were observed, with a stroke incidence of 387.63/100 000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that fruit consumption had a protective effect on stroke incidence. Compared to the respondents who never consumed fruit, respondents who consumed fruit more than 4 days per week had a 44% lower risk of stroke incidence (HR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.50-0.62, P<0.05), and the risk reduced by 46% (HR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.46-0.64, P<0.05) and 42% (HR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.52-0.69, P<0.05) in male and female, respectively. Further adjustment for WC, BMI, SBP and random blood glucose did not change the association. Conclusion Increasing fruit consumption can effectively decrease the risk of stroke. People should increase fruit consumption advisably to set up reasonable and healthy dietary habits.