Objective To investigate the effect of hypertension on carotid atherosclerosis ,and the clinical significance of BFI technique in the diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis .Methods Using BFI technique and CDFI technique to detect 198 cases of pa-tients with hypertension(hypertension groups) and 200 cases with normal blood pressure(control group) of carotid internal-media thickness(IMT) and the number of atherosclerotic plaque .To explore the relationship between hypertension and carotid atheroscle-rosis .Results IMT and the detection rate of plaque of hypertension groups was significantly higher than which of control group (P<0 .01) .In hypertension groups ,the higher of blood pressure levels ,the higher carotid IMT and the detection rate of plaque(P<0 .01 or P<0 .05) .The detection rate of plaque in BFI technique was higher than which in CDFI technique (P<0 .01) .Conclusion hypertension can aggravate carotid atherosclerosis ,and the higher blood pressure levels ,the more obvious of carotid atherosclerosis . BFI technique is useful for the detection of carotid atherosclerosis .

Objective The effect of the pesticides on sister-chromatid exchange and micronuclei frequency of garlic root tip cells was researched. Methods The garlic root tips were treated with 13.65 mg/L phoxim, 25 mg/L lambda-cyhalothrin respectrely.With the positive and negative control, the garlic root tips were treated with 2%CP and distilled water respectively. Sister-chromatid exchange(SCE) and micronucle(iMCN)frequencies were calculated. Results As for the SCE frequency,lambda-cyhalothrin was the same as the negative control, metaldehyde and phoxim were more than the negative control (P

Objective To study the clinical features of penetrating renal trauma. Methods From March 1996 to November 2002,28 patients (male,mean age 31) with penetrating renal trauma were treated,the clinical data of these were studied and reviewed. Results Nonoperative treatment was carried out in 6 patients of grade Ⅱ injuries were reconstructed and the other 2 patients were managed by embolization with an excellent renal salvage rate.In 12 patients with grade Ⅳ injuries,6 underwent embolization successfully,2 were successfully managed reconstruction,4 required nephrectomy.3 patients were of grade Ⅳ injuries,2 of whom underwent nephrectomy and 1 was died. Conclusions The condition of vascular injury should be considered in treatment of penetrating renal trauma.Emblization is a ideal treatment for the grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ penetrating renal trauma.

Objective To study the histopathological features of injured urethra managed by urethral realignment or suprapublic cystotomy and to sum up the experience on its treatment. Methods Urethral realignment or suprapublic cystotomy were carried out for 20 dogs as the instant management;tissue specimens from the two groups were studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and the result has been studied. Results Regeneration of urethra was demonstrated in the urethral realignment group at 8 weeks after urethral injured whereas regeneration has been in the suprapublic cystotomy group.The average length of urethral emphraxis was 3.8 cm in the suprapublic cystotomy group whereas that of urethral stricture only 2.5cm in the urethral realignment group at 32 week. Conclusions Urethral realignment might be the treatment of choice for the instant managerment of urethral disruption as compared with suprapublic cystotomy.

Objective To evaluate the application of urine diversion in prostatectomy for hemostasis. Methods In 86 cases underwent suprapubic prostatectomy urine diversion was carried out.The prostatic bed was compressed by the inflated baloon of the urethral catheter.The operation time was recorded and the amount of blood loss both during and after the operation were measured.Postoperative blood hemoglobin and urodynamic parameters were compared with those before operation. Results The average operation time for the 86 patients was 45 min.The average blood loss during the operation was 140 ml and the average postoperative drainage 190 ml.Blood transfusion is not needed in all.The ureteral catheters for urine diversion were maintained for an average of 7.2 days and the urethral catheter for 8.6 days.Normal micturation was noted right after the removal of urethral catheter in all the 86 patients.Postoperative blood routine and biochemical assays were not significantly different from those before operation.The average maximum urine flow rate was 21.5ml/s.2 of the patients have experienced difficulty in micturation.Normal micturation was resumed on endoscopic urethrotostomy.No secondary bleeding or upper urinary tract infection has been noted. Conclusions The application of urine diversion is an effective means of hemostasis in prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the development of clinical pharmacists’career and the establishment of le-gal system in China. METHODS:The background,progress and situation of applying for“pharmacists’health care provider sta-tus”in the United States were introduced. The reasons for achieving provider status in California,Washington,and Oregon were summed up in aspects of politics,economics and education. The chance and challenge for achieving provider status at federal level were also discussed. Based on the development of clinical pharmacists in China,the suggestions were put forward for the improve-ment of legal system of clinical pharmacists in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:“Health care provider status”in the United Stated were recognised by 3 states with local developed economics,high-level education,and collective efforts of pharmacy organi-zations. Multiple national pharmacy organizations as American Pharmacists Association,American Society of Health-System Phar-macists and American Pharmacy College Society are working together toward provider status at the federal level. Our country should pay attention to related legal system construction,establish perfect and definite clinical pharmacists legal system as soon as possible to provide legal guarantee for career development of clinical pharmacists in China.

Objective To investigate the effect of antiserum against VEGF on angiogenesis and growth of bladder cancer in a mouse model in order to explore a novel strategy for the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods Antiserum against VEGF was prepared by using recombinant human VEGF and was identified for its specific affinity with VEGF by ELISA.The bladder carcinoma cell lines BST739 were implanted in T739 mice which were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group receiving normal mice serum intraperitoneally,and the experimental group receiving antiserum against VEGF intraperitoneally.All the animals were sacrificed at last.Then all the bladder carcinomas were weighted and the microvessel density (MVD) in them was studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results The antiserum against VEGF was prepared and demonstrated with high specificity. The MVD in the antiserum group was lower than that in the control group. But the average weight of tumors was not significantly less in the antiserum group. Conclusions The study shows that to inhibit the activity of VEGF may reduce the angiogenesis in bladder cancer and supports the antiangiogenic therapy for bladder cancer.Inhibition of VEGF activity might become an important way of adjuvant therapy for bladder cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of adenosine (Ado) on the unit discharging electricities in habenula nucleus and on the c-fos expression in lateral habenular complex,and the influence of adenosine on the neuron activities and related gene expression involved in affecting sleep in habenula nucleus and the possible mechanisms.Methods:Intraperitoneal injection,brain flakes pouring of rats,immunohistochemistry and other methods were useel.Results:Ado pouring into flakes of brain depressed the unit discharging electricities of neurons in medial habenular complex(MHb),but obviously increased that of lateral habenular complex(LHb).0.5 h after the six rats being injected intraperitoneally with Ado,the c-fos protein expression in lateral habenular nucleus was significantly increased compared to the group with saline injection.Conclusion:Ado may restrain the unit discharging electricities of neurons in medial habenular complex but excite those in lateral habenular complex.At the meantime,Ado may increase the c-fos expression in LHb.This provides the experimental evidence that Ado may improve the sleep quality.

objective To study the changes of reticulocyte micronueleus(MN-RET)from peripherai blood and polychromatic erythrocyte mieronucleUS(MN-PCE)from bone marrow in mice following exposure to X-rays in order to provide an experimental basis for exploring possible hish-throughput radiation biodosimeter.Methods Male ICR mice were whole-body irradiated with 0,0.5,1,2,4 and 5 Gy at a dose rate of 0.488 Gy/min.MN-RET from peripheral blood wag scored with FCM and MN-PCE from bone marrow was scored with manual microscopy at 24,48 and 72 h post-irradiation.Results Both MN-RET and MN-PCE rates increaged with doses in the range of 0-5 Gy at 24,48 and 72 h after WBI.The dose-response relationship can be fit with linear equations(t=10.26-25.77,P<0.05).The correlation coeffcients between MN-RET from peripheral blood and MN-PCE from bone mallow were highly significant(r=0.986-0.996,P<0.05).Conclusions In view of its simplicity,accuracy and high throughput capacity,FCM scoring of peripheral blood MN-RET may be a candidate for radiation biodosimetry,More work should be carried out on human specimens to investigate this possibility.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of 5-hydroxy-1-methylhyantoin (HMH) on paraquat (PQ)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat and its possible mechanism.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: namely control, PQ, vitamin C and HMH groups, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in control group were given an injection of 2 mg/kg of normal saline intraperitoneally. The rats in PQ group were given an injection of 50 mg/kg of PQ intraperitoneally. The rats in vitamin C and HMH groups were given 1 mmol/kg of vitamin C or HMH through gastric tube right after PQ injection. The hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability of HMH and vitamin C was determined by Fenton method. Blood sample was collected after 24 hours of PQ treatment, then the animals were sacrificed and renal tissues were harvested. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), protein content of renal cortex, blood malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined.Results Both vitamin C and HMH showed a very good ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was both 4.02 mg/mL. Compared with control group, serum BUN, SCr and MDA in renal tissue were significantly increased in PQ group, and the protein, GSH contents and SOD activity were significantly decreased [BUN (mmol/L): 40.80±2.49 vs. 13.67±1.58, SCr (μmol/L): 163.46±8.67 vs. 51.80±4.37, MDA (nmol/g): 7.51±0.23 vs. 4.52±0.33, protein (μmol/L): 0.94±0.14 vs. 1.35±0.10, GSH (mg/g): 1.08±0.48 vs. 3.30±0.44, SOD (kU/L): 70.74±6.42 vs. 112.89±8.72, allP< 0.01]. Compared with PQ group, serum BUN and SCr and MDA in kidney tissue in vitamin C and HMH groups were significantly decreased, and GSH content and SOD activity in kidney tissue were significantly elevated [BUN (mmol/L):22.64±2.36, 18.71±5.23 vs. 40.80±2.49, SCr (μmol/L): 97.28±4.81, 89.20±6.72 vs. 163.46±8.67, MDA (nmol/g): 4.67±0.31, 4.21±0.42 vs. 7.51±0.23, GSH (mg/g): 1.78±0.10, 1.86±0.39 vs. 1.08±0.48, SOD (kU/L):98.69±5.43, 103.76±4.45 vs. 70.74±6.42, allP< 0.01]. Compared with vitamin C group, HMH could significantly reduce SCr contents (P< 0.05). There were no differences in reduction PQ-induced BUN, MDA content, and effect on GSH content and SOD activity between vitamin C group and HMH group (allP> 0.05).Conclusion HMH can protect the kidney against PQ-induced nephrotoxicity, and the mechanism of which maybe attributed to its anti-oxidation property and ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical.