Objective To investigate the effects of long-term high-fat diet and the modern lifestyle of more food and lack of exercise on insulin resistance and islet function. Methods 75 Wistar rats were feed by routine or high-fat diet for 11 months. Some of high-fat rats were induced to diabetic models by injecting 12mg/kg streptozotocin. Islet function was evaluated by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was detected by insulin tolerance test. Results Compared with control group, 2h blood glucose of high-fat group was elevated significantly. Fasting blood glucose of high-fat group was also elevated at eleventh month. Body weight of high-fat group was increased remarkably compared with control group, and the insulin sensitivity of high-fat group was decreased by 50% at forth month. Then insulin sensitivity of both groups was declined greatly. Hypoglycemic effect of 0.5 U/kg insulin at ninth month was similar to that of 0.1U/kg insulin at forth month. Furthermore, no significant difference of insulin sensitivity was observed between high-fat group and control. Conclusions Main course for insulin resistance is the modern lifestyle of more food and lack of exercise. The main effect of high-fat diet on the occurrence of diabetes is damaging islet function.

BACKGROUND: Kyphoplasty-assisted bone cement augmentation can be used in lumbar pedicle screw fixation of osteoporotic patients.OBJECTIVE: To assess the fixation strengths of loosened sacral screws augmented with kyphoplasty-assisted and traditional bone cement techniques.METHODS: Fresh sacra were harvested from nine osteoporotic cadavers. After testing bilaterally placed unicortical and bicortical pedicle screws, two unicortical pedicle screws with the traditional and kyphoplasty-assisted cement augmentations were established on the same sacrum. Following 2000 cyclic compression loading to screw head on a MTS machine, their maximum pull-out forces were recorded and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone mineral densities of nine specimens were ranged from 0.61 to 0.77 g/cm2 (0.71 g/cm2 in average). The mean maximum pull-out forces of unicortical and bicortical screws, and traditional and kyphoplasty-assisted cement screws were 203, 325, 437, and 565 N, respectively. The pull-out force was significantly higher in bicortical screw compared with unicortical (P < 0.05); however, these two fixations exhibited markedly lower pull-out strength compared with two cement augmentation techniques (P < 0.05). The pull-out strength was significantly higher in kyphoplasty-assisted cement augmentation group compared with traditional bone cement technique (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant positive correlation was exhibited between bone mineral density and pull-out force for the four fixations (P < 0.05). Results demonstrated that traditional and kyphoplasty-assisted cement augmentations can serve as the salvage technique for loosening sacral screw. However, kyphoplasty-assisted augmentation can provide higher stability.

Objective: To study influence of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 100 DM+CHD patients after PCI were selected from our hospital.According to HbA1c level, they were divided into HbA1c<6.5% group (n=48) and HbA1c≥6.5% group (n=52).Levels of C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and interleukin (IL)-6 before PCI, incidence rate of MACE on six and 24 months after PCI were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with HbA1c<6.5% group before PCI, there were significant rise in serum levels of CRP[(18.5±6.2) mg/L vs.(25.8±4.2) mg/L]and TNF-α[(32.4±12.3) ng/L vs.(48.3±11.8) ng/L]in HbA1c≥6.5% group, P<0.01 both.On six months after PCI, incidence rate of myocardial infarction in HbA1c≥6.5% group was significantly higher than that of HbA1c<6.5% group (9.62% vs.0, P=0.028);24 months after PCI, compared with HbA1c<6.5% group, there were significant rise in incidence rates of myocardial infarction (2.08% vs.15.38%) and diseased vessel restenosis (12.50% vs.32.69%) in HbA1c≥6.5% group (P<0.05 all).Conclusion: In DM+CHD patients after PCI, those with lower HbA1c level possess better prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin pretreatment on cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic exposure to ketamine in immature mice.Methods Thirty-six healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 21 days,weighing 20-30 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ketamine group (group K),and ulinastatin pretreatment group (group U).In K and U groups,ketamine 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally three times a day at 30-minute intervals for 21 consecutive days,while in group U,ulinastatin 50 000 U/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before the first injection of ketamine everyday.Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze and open field tests at 24 h after the last administration of ketamine.Mice in each group were sacrificed immediately after the end of the tests and hippocampi were harvested to determine the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using ELISA.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time spent in the original platform and in the central area for the open field was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and the contents of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α were increased in group K (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences in the indexes mentioned above in group U (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group K,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the time spent in the original platform and in the central area for the open field was prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,and the contents of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α were decreased in group U (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin pretreatment can improve cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic exposure to ketamine in immature mice,and inhibition of inflammatory responses in hippocampi may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective: To explore therapeutic effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in aged patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Methods: A total of 98 aged ADHF patients treated in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=50) and rhBNP group (n=48, received intravenous injection of rhBNP based on routine treatment group).After 72h treatment, cardiac function indexes, total effective rate and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) were measured and compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before treatment, after 72h treatment, there were significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 24h urine volume in both groups(P=0.001 all);compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant rise in LVEF [(45.9±7.8)% vs.(57.4±7.9)%] and 24h urine volume [(1637.5±103.2)ml vs.(1836.4±118.4)ml], P=0.001 all.On 7d after treatment, total effective rate of rhBNP group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (93.75% vs.82.00%, P=0.033).There was no significant difference in incidence rate of ADR between two groups, P=0.898.Conclusion: Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide can significantly improve heart function, and the therapeutic effect is significant in aged patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Background and purpose:Risk of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) and its precancerous lesions following high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection may vary according to HPV types and geographic regions. Analyzing HPV-type distribution in cervical samples from local women aged 30 years and older, this study aimed to identify HPV types with higher risk of developing CIN2+, and to compare diagnostic performance for CIN2+using these types and type combinations. Methods:Cervical samples with histology follow-up from patients of a tertiary cancer center in Shanghai were collected for HPV genotyping by PCR-RDB. The risk associations of HPV types with CIN2+were estimated by logistic regression analysis, and ROC curves were plotted for diagnostic performance evaluation. Results:A total number of 413 specimens were obtained, including 38 CIN1, 184 CIN2/3, 126 ICC patients and 65 negative control people. The 4 most common HPV types in CIN2+were HPV16, 58, 33 and 18, in descending order. And only HPV16 (P<0.000 1), 58 (P=0.002), 33 (P=0.015) were signiifcantly associated with CIN2+lesions. Besides, the area under the ROC curve of the HPV16/18/33/58 test scored statistically higher than the HPV16/18 test did (P=0.006 6). Conclusion:A combined test of HPV16/18/33/58 may offer better performance for detecting CIN2+lesions in our geographic region.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, therapeutic methods and therapeutic efficacy of imflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. METHOD: Clinical data of 14 cases diagnosed as IMT by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 6 females,age ranging from 18 to 77 years. 12 cases of them were treated by surgery while 2 cases received postoperative radiotherapy. RESULT: All cases were operated. All the patients were followed up for a period of 1 to 7 years after operation and two cases were proved low grade IMT pathologically. Eight cases survived with no recurrence until the last follow-up and 6 cases relapsed, of which 4 cases died and 2 were alive with tumor. CONCLUSION IMT of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is very rare. The diagonosis of IMT is based on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Proper diagnosis is essential to avoid mutilating and disfiguring surgical procedures. Radical excision is still the first choice of treatment for IMT of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may not be helpful to prevent recurrence after operation. Due to high recurrence rate, long-term follow up is necessary after operation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of cerebral vascular DSA in vertebral artery variation,understand the types of vertebral artery variation and the imaging characteristics of vertebral artery variation.Methods Nine hundred and forty-six patients received cerebral vascular DSA in our hospital from October 2010 to May 2015 were chosen.DSA characteristics of patients with vertebral artery variations were analyzed and the vertebral artery variation types and incidence were conformed.Results There were 140 patients with vertebral artery variations.Sixteen patients (1.7％) was diagnosed with anomalous origin of vertebral artery,including 14 of left vertebral artery anomalous origin,2 of right vertebral artery anomalous origin.One patient (0.1％) had persistent trigeminal artery originated from the right internal carotid artery and one patient (0.1％) had proatlantal intersegrnental artery originated from the left external carotid artery.The vertebral artery of 10 patients (1％) was found with fenestration.The posterior inferior cerebellar artery of 25 patients (2.6％) was originated from the lower portion of extracranial location.Ninety-two patients (9.7％) were found with vertebral artery hypoplasia,including 54 with right vertebral artery hypoplasia and 38 with left vertebral artery hypoplasia.There were 12 patients with anastomosis abnormalities in the vertebral artery hypoplasia,including 4 with right vertebral artery anastomosis abnormalities,and 8 with left vertebral artery anastomosis abnormalities.Conclusion Cerebral vascular DSA can clearly show the location and shape of vertebral artery variation,and it is important in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disease,interventional treatment and posterior fossa surgery.

Objective To study the colonization rate and antibiotic resistance of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in gravidas during late pregnancy,and to evaluate the effectiveness of GBS screening in late pregnancy and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for the prevention of neonatal early-onset GBS disease (EOGBS).Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the colonization rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of GBS in 14 204 gravidas who were screened for GBS at 35-37 gestational weeks during March 2016 to March 2018 in the University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH).Differences in the incidence of EOGBS before and after GBS screening and IAP were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.Results Among the 14 204 gravidas,2 027 cases were GBS positive with a colonization rate of 14.27％.Incidence rates of EOGBS before and after GBS screening were 0.6‰ (4/6 356) and 0.07‰ (1/14 403),respectively (Fisher's exact test,P=0.033).GBS isolates were 100％ (2 027/2 027) sensitive to penicillin and vancomycin.Resistance rates to clindamycin and erythromycin were 67.2％(1 363/2 027) and 65.7％ (1 332/2 027),respectively.Conclusions Routine GBS screening in late pregnancy and IAP can significantly decrease the incidence of EOGBS.Penicillin is the optimal choice for prevention and treatment of GBS infection.

Objective To evaluate the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in cognitive decline in aged mice with sepsis.Methods Forty-five SPF healthy aged female C57BL/6 mice,aged 10-12 months,weighing 20-30 g,were assigned into 3 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sepsis group (group Sep) and NF-κB selective inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (group PDTC).Lipopolysaccharide 250 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in Sep and PDTC groups,and in addition PDTC 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before lipopolysaccharide injection once a day for 7 consecutive days in group PDTC.The equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 2 h after the last administration,cardiac puncture was performed and blood samples were collected,and then the mice were sacrificed and hippocampi were harvested for determination of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in plasma and hippocampal tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using open field,elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests at 24 h after the last administration in the other mice left in each group.Results Compared with group C,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in plasma and hippocampal tissues were significantly increased,the time of movement at the central region was shortened,the percentage of time spent in the open arms and number of entries into the open and closed arms were decreased,the escape latency was prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the platform was decreased in group Sep (P＜0.05).Compared with group Sep,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β5 and IL-6 in plasma and hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased,the time of movement at the central region was prolonged,the percentage of time spent in the open arms and number of entries into the open and closed arms were increased,the escape latency was shortened,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was prolonged in group PDTC (P＜0.05).Conclusion NF-κB is involved in cognitive decline in aged mice with sepsis.