Objective To set up a method for determining Specnuezhenide in Shengxinfa Capsules. Methods With HPLC method, Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. Mobile phase was methanol-water (35∶65), the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detecting wavelength was at 224 nm. Results The linearity was in the range of 0.15-0.90 μg. The average recovery was 100.35%, and RSD was 1.43%. Conclusion The method is accurate, reliable, and can be used for the determination of Specnuezhenide in Shengxinfa Capsules for its quality control.

Objective To establish the fingerprint for evaluation of Zhenhuang Capsules (Scutellaria Extract, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, et al). Methods The fingerprint was established by HPLC with photodiode array detector (PADA). The mobile phase was methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid (gradient elution), column temperature was at 35 ℃, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and detection wavelength was at 280 nm. Results There were 15 common peaks appeared in the HPLC-PADA fingerprint which was defined by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (Version 2004A) published by Committee of Pharmacopoeia of China. The similarity of 11 batches examples with the control was more than 0.99. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and sensitive, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality evaluation of Zhenhuang Capsules.

Objective To set up a method for determining the quercetin in Pyrola calliatha H.Andres.Method HPLC method was carried on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column(4.6 mm?150 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(50:50),and the detecting wavelength was at 370 nm.Result The standard curve was linear within the range of 0.092～0.46 ?g.The average recovery rate was 99.24% and RSD was 0.70%.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,highly sensitive and reproducible.It can be used for the quality determination of quercetin in Pyrola calliatha H.Andres.

Objective To assess the association between air pollution and daily mortality of circulatory system diseases.Methods All death records of the deceased who lived in urban area of Shenyang and died from circulatory system disease during Jan 1,1992 to Dec 31,2000 were collected.We used the semi-parametric generalized additive model to study the relationship between short-term daily average temperature and daily mortality of circulatory system diseases after controlling the confounding factors of long-term trends,humidity,air pressure,work days and season,etc.Results The optimal temperature for all people was 23.4℃.And it was 23.6℃ for male and 23.2℃ for female.A significant graphically 'V' shape relationship between mortality caused by circulatory diseases and ambient temperature was found.The relationship between the temperature changes and the mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases was significant,but not significant with cerebrovascular diseases.The mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases increased 0.0275/100 000 while the temperature increasing each 1℃ above 23.4℃,and increased 0.0062/100 000 while temperature decreasing each 1℃ below 23.4℃.People over 65 years old were the most sensitive population for temperature changing,their mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases increased 1.1909/100 000 when the temperature increasing each 1℃ from 26.6℃.But people under 65 years old were not sensitive to temperature changing,their mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases was all less than 0.0011/100 000 no matter the temperature was higher or lower 1℃ from the optimal temperature.There was no significant difference of the effect of temperature changing on mortality caused by cardiovascular between male and female.Conclusion The "V" shape relationship between mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases and ambient temperature clues us on that temperature left from the optimal temperature could increase the death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases and temperature closed to the optimal temperature could decrease the death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To observe glucose metabolism in C57 mice treated with different doses of fluoride.Methods Forty male C57 mice (body weight 20-24 g) were divided into four groups which were exposed to 0,50,100 and 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) by random number table according to body weight,each group had 10 mice.At 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after fluoride exposure,body weight was measured,blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were detected by blood glucose meter and glycosylated hemoglobin meter,serum insulin and glucagon were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results At 10 and 12 weeks after fluoride exposure,the differences of fasting glucose between groups of C57 mice were statistically significant (F =35.12,21.92,all P ＜ 0.05),the fasting glucose of 100,150 mg/L fluoride groups [(7.7 ± 0.2),(7.3 ± 0.3),(8.6 ± 0.5),(9.1 ± 0.7)mmol/L] were higher than those of the control group [(5.4 ± 0.3),(5.0 ± 0.3)mmol/L,all P ＜ 0.01].The differences of glycosylated hemoglobin,glucagons between groups were statistically significant (F =3.85,8.74,all P ＜ 0.05).The glycosylated hemoglobin of 100,150 mg/L fluoride groups [(7.73 ± 0.76),(7.80 ± 1.15) mmo]/L] were higher than those of the control group [(5.43 ± 1.27) mmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05]; serum glucagon levels of 50,100,150 mg/L fluoride groups [(19.15 ± 11.84),(26.55 ± 15.97),(20.05 ± 7.29)ng/L] were lower than that of the control group [(48.35 ± 2.79)ng/L,all P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Long term excess fluoride intake can reduce the function of sugar metabolism in C57 mice.

Objective To identify the association strength of the prevalence of HBeAg, cccDNA with the occurrence of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high risk male cohort in Qidong area in China. Methods A cohort of 377 middle aged HBV infected men in Qidong was followed from 1989 for 13. 25 years. HCC cases were registered. A matched case-controlled study was conducted on 32 pairs of inherent HCC cases with non-HCC controls. Serum HBeAg was measured by ELISA. cccDNA was detected by semi-nested PCR and verified by DNA sequencing. Standard statistical comparison between the prevalence of each HBV marker in HCC versus control group provided the odds ratio and P-value was used to evaluate its association strength with HCC occurrence. Results Serum HBeAg prevalence was 53. 1% (17/32) in HCC group versus 15. 6% (5/32) in controls, odds ratio (OR) =6. 12, P

Objective To investigate the mechanism and clinical characteristics of rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma in children. Methods The clinical data of 9 children with rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma were retrospective analyzed. Results Subdural hematoma of three cases were completely dissolved within 8 h, while those of the other 6 cases were significantly reduced which were completely dissolved in 48-72 h. Conclusions Rapid spontaneous resolution of acute subdural hematoma in children is rare in clinical practice. The redistribution and dilution of hematoma and the anatomical characteristics of the children patient determine the possibility of hematoma dissipation. The conservative treatment can get a good prognosis.

Objective To observe gene different expression of unfolded protein response signaling pathway in human osteoblasts under the excessive fluoride ,and explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in fluorosis .Methods Human osteoblasts were cultured with fluoride ,intervening for 24 h .Cell viability and apoptosis were inspected by MTS assay and flow cytometer respective‐ly .The UPR signaling pathway was examined by real time PCR array ,and protein expressions were detected by Western blot .Re‐sults T he cell survival rates w ere (100 .678 5 ± 2 .830 3 )% ,(105 .393 4 ± 2 .538 4 )% ,(106 .125 7 ± 2 .048 3 )% ,(77 .977 3 ± 2 .544 3)% (P<0 .05) ,(30 .237 7 ± 0 .632 73)% (P<0 .05) treated with sodium fluoride at the concentration 0 ,5 ,10 ,20 ,40 ,80 mg/L respectively .Apoptosis rate inspected by flow cytometer was 4 .8% in 5 mg/L group ,13 .8% in 10 mg/L group ,37 .0% in 20 mg/L group ,58 .9% in 40 mg/L group ,63 .2% in 80 mg/L group (P<0 .05) .Only 1 gene was down regulated and 14 genes were up regulated .Western blot analysis showed BIP ,ATF4 ,CHOP and IRE1 both showed their protein expression gradually up regula‐ted with fluorine dose .XBP1 expression gradually increased in NaF 5-20 mg/L ,and its expression decreased at 40 and 80 mg/L . Conclusion Sodium fluoride can cause osteoblasts endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway through PTEN and IRE1 pathway ,and at high concentrations can cause apoptosis of osteoblast .

Objective To evaluate the role of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(RT-3D TEE)in left atrial appendage (LAA)occlusion.Methods Consecutive 10 atrial fibrillation (AF)patients (CHADS2 ≥ 2 )with high risk bleeding underwent LAA occlusion under the guidance of TEE.The LAA orifice shape and characteristics of lobes were assessed,the size of LAA with RT-3D TEE wee measured before closer implanation,and the position of the LAA occlusion device were evaluated by RT-3D TEE.The correlational analysis between LAA diameter and occluder size was conducted.Results Among 10 patients,the test results revealed 8 cases with complete LAA occlusion and 1 case with incomplete occlusion,and 1 case with failed occlusion.Five cases showed approximate round LAA ostium,and the other 5 showed approximate oval ostium.The average number of LAA lobes were 2.2±0.7. LAA ostium long diameter were larger by 3D TEE compared with 2D TEE[(21 .8±5.1)mm vs (20.8±4.1) mm],and ostium short diameter were smaller by 3D TEE compared with 2D TEE [(16.1 ± 3.0 )mm vs (1 7.0±2.6)mm],however there were no significant differences between 2D and 3D TEE measurements,and the mean ostium diameter and LAA depth were comparable between two methods.LAA ostium long diameter,short diameter,average diameter and LAA depth assessed by 3D TEE and 2D TEE showed good correlation with occluder diameter (3D TEE:r =0.719,0.690,0.791 ,0.71 1 ,and P =0.029,0.040,0.01 1 , 0.032,respectively;2D TEE:r = 0.887,0.894,0.932,0.896,and P = 0.001 ,0.001 ,0.000,0.000, respectively).LAA occlusion device position assessed by RT-3D:6 cases with appropriate position, acceptable position with 2 cases,and 1 case with malposition.Conclusions RT-3D TEE can play important role in evaluating the morphology of LAA,accurately judging LAA ostium shape and size and position of the occlusion device.

Objective To explore the imaging features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) with real time contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Methods One hundredand forty-three cases with 149 thyroid nodules(no diffuse lession) were divided into two groups according to the diameter size(group 1,＜0.5 cm;group 2,0.5-1.0 cm) and examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound during preoperation.Pathology was followed up as golden diagnosis criteria.Results Seventy-five benign tumors and 74 PTMC were confirmed by pathology.There were significant differences in echoes homogeneity between benign and malignant tumors in group 2(W =1 029.5,Z =-5.524,P =0.000) but no in group 1(W =933.0,Z =-1.738,P =0.082).And nonhomogeneous enhancement were showed in most PTMC in group 2.But most PTMC showed homogeneous enhancement in group 1.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is valuable in diagnosis of PTMC with the diameter size of 0.5-1.0 cm.