Objective To investigate the effect of unilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage on long -term behavio-ral development of neonatal SD rats.Methods Forty -eight neonatal SD rats (1 0 days after birth)were equally divided into cerebral hemorrhage (CH)group,sham operation (SH)group and normal control (NC)group randomly, 1 6 cases for each group.Stereotaxic apparatus was used to inject autologous blood 25 μL into rats′brain caudate nu-cleus to establish basal ganglia hemorrhage model,while SH group was injected with nothing,and NC group received no treatment.Berderson scoring method was used to test rats′neurological functions on the first day,the third day,the seventh day,and the fourteenth day after operation,respectively.The open -field environment test and the Lat maze were used to assess behavior of the rats on the fourteenth day after operation,lasting for 3 days continuously.Results (1 )After being modeled rats appeared with different degrees of neurological function damage.SH group rats′neurologi-cal function damage was slight,which was completely restored in the 72 hours after surgery.CH group rats appeared hemiplegia and muscle tension change.CH rats neurological scores′on the first and third day after modeling scores were separate (3.40 ±0.83)scores and (1 .1 3 ±0.92)scores respectively,and the scores were statistically higher than SH group [(0.73 ±0.59)scores and (0.1 3 ±0.35)scores]and NC group (all P <0.05).And then Bederson score de-creased,and on the seventh and fourteenth day after modeling,the Bederson scores′difference was not statistically sig-nificant among the 3 groups(P >0.05).(2)On the fourteenth day after modeling,in open -field test and the Lat maze,the number of passed panels,straightening(times)and grooming(times)in CH group were more than those in SH group and NC group respectively (all P <0.05).The difference in the number of passed panels,straightening (times)and grooming (times)between SH group and NC group was not statistically significant (P >0.05 ). Conclusions Neonatal rats focal hemorrhage in unilateral basal ganglia is strongly repairable and compensatory,which leaves no severe neurological dysfunction.The neurological function damage which is caused by unilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage can lead to the increase of autonomic activities,the decrease of non -selective attention level,attention defi-cit and other long -term behavioral abnormalities.

Increasing clinical evidence shows that modern lifestyle interrupting circadian rhythm contributes to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes.Recent genetic animal models further support the interaction of circadian rhythms and metabolic state.Circadian clock is not limited to be in central nervous system,and is also present in nearly all cells of the body,which constitute hierarchically circadian systems.The molecular circadian clock is evolved to allow organisms to anticipate and prepared for predictable,daily changes in the environment and regulates cellular and tissue function by driving patterns of gene expression and enzymatic activity.At present,basic science in this field has progressed at an extraordinary pace and is expected to continue unraveling the mechanisms linking circadian clocks to metabolism,which is important for understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes,and provides a conceptual basis for the prevention and therapeutics of these diseases.

Objective To observe and compare the clinical effect of treating benign primary blepharospasm(BPB)with acupuncture and injection of type A botulinum toxin. Methods Between January 2012 to July 2013, 80 cases of BPB patients in ophthalmology of Tongren hospital were randomly recruited into a acupuncture group and a control group, with 40 cases in either group. The acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture on points of strengthening spleen and distributing liver and the control group was treated by type A botulinum toxin injection around effected eyes. Then effective rate, visual impairment of quality of life scale and self-rating depressive scale were tested after the treatments. Results The total effective rate of acupuncture was 95%, which was better than injection with type A botulinum toxin, with statistical difference(P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in visual impairment of quality of life scale in both groups after the treatment compared with before treatment(P>0.05). Visual impairment score was (121.88±30.16) and (121.00±28.72) in the acupuncture group and control group respectively before the treatment, However, acupuncture group(70.00±22.88)reduced less than control group(95.25±28.39)after the treatment, and there was statistical difference(P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in self-rating depressive scale in groups before treatments(P>0.05), (acupuncture group was(15.90±7.99) and control group was(15.75±6.26). However, acupuncture group(10.40±4.95)reduced less than control group(13.38±6.32)after the treatment, and there was statistical difference(P<0.01). Conclusion It proved that the therapy of acupuncture with strengthening spleen and distributing liver method for benign primary blepharospasm has a better result than injection with type A Botulinum toxin. Moreover, acupuncture can promote optical function and prevent depression for BPB patients.

As one of the most sensitive cells of endoplasmic reticulum stress,pancreatic βcells have an abundance of endoplasmic reticulum .It is the adaptive response of pancreatic β cells under Endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions.Internal and external factors in the environment such as oxidative damage,lipid toxicity and the effect of cytokines in the endoplasmic reticulum could breake the steady-state,resulting in barriers to folding or misfolding of protein,thereby to trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress.Serious and lasting stress will lead to β cell apoptosis,involved in a variety of metabohc diseases as well as a variety of diseases.This article gives a review on the injury effects of multi-factor induced endoplasmic reticulum stress on the pancreatic β-cell

Background Many methods of ocular hypertension modeling have been used before,but these models remain short-duration ocular hypertension only.A new method of elevating intraocular pressure in mice by anterior chamber injection of polystyrene microspheres was reported abroad.However,this model is rarely used in China.Objective This study was to evaluate the application value of anterior chamber injection of polystyrene microspheres to establish glaucoma model in mice.Methods Forty-two SPF adult female C57BL/6L mice were divided into three groups according to random number table.Polystyrene microspheres (2 μl) were injected into the anterior chamber monocularly in the microspheres group,and the equal amount of PBS was used in the same way in the PBS group.No intervene was performed in the normal control group.The eyes of mice were examined by slit lamp microscope,and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with TonoLab rebound tomometer in a 3-day interval after injection.Ocular histological sections were prepared 2 and 4 weeks after injection,and the anterior chamber angle was examined under the optical microscope.Neurons retrograde labeling was performed by 4％ fluorogold to calculate the survival number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the nerve fiber density was detected to assess the degree of RGCs and axon damage in retinal flat mounts,and the β-Ⅲ-tubulin-positive cells in the RGCs layer were examined by immnofluorescence method.The use and care of the animals complied with the instruction of Association for Research in Vision Ophthalmology (ARVO).Results IOP was significantly higher in the mice of the microspheres group than that in the normal control group or PBS group 2 and 4 weeks (all at P＜0.05).In the microspheres group,IOP reached peak in 2 weeks after injection and was significantly higher than that of 4 weeks after injection ([29.67±2.34] mmHg versus[15.71±1.23] mmHg) (all at P＜0.05).In 2 and 4 weeks after the anterior chamber injection of polystyrene,corneal edema was found under the slit lamp microscope,and under the optical microscope,microspheres accumulated at the anterior chamber angle.Additionally,in 2 and 4 weeks after injection,the number of survival RGCs was (4 542.82 ± 653.72)/mm2 and (3 623.12 ± 628.79)/mm2,respectively in the microspheres group,which showed significantly decrease in comparison with (6 979.33 ± 678.49)/mm2 and (6963.91 ±497.29)/mm2 in the normal control group (t =17.729,28.569,both at P＜0.05) and (6 843.21 ±573.42)/mm2 and (6 937.53±465.24)/mm2in the PBS group (t =16.975,29.145,both at P＜0.05).The number of RGCs was significantly less in the fourth week compared with second week after injection (t =6.951,P＜0.05).The β-Ⅲ-tubulin positive RGCs were (4 576.36± 479.64)/mm2 and (3 712.90 ± 660.31)/mm2 in 2 and 4 weeks in the microspheres group,respectively,which were significantly decreased in comparison with (6 725.94 ± 619.42)/mm2 and (6 741.90±663.60)/mm2 of the normal control group (t =18.811,22.182,both at P ＜ 0.05) or (6 757.85 ±463.59)/mm2 and (6 773.17± 471.35)/mm2 in the PBS group (t =18.953,22.605,both at P＜0.05),and in the microspheres group,β-Ⅲ-tubulin positive cells in the fourth week were decreased than those in the second week after injection (t=7.253,P＜0.05).The neural fiber density in the microspheres group in 2 and 4 weeks after injection was (193.08 ±32.75)/mm2 and (139.O0 ±38.24)/mm2,respectively,with a significant decline in comparison with (305.57±81.21)/mm2 and (297.46±52.60)/mm2(t=8.900,16.883,both at P＜0.05) of the normal control group or (312.63±70.62)/mm2 and (269.37±61.63)/mm2 of the PBS group (t=7.731,15.959,both at P＜0.05),and the neural fiber density was significantly lower in the fourth week than that in the second week after injection (t =7.442,P＜0.05).Conclusions Single injection of polystyrene microspheres into the anterior chamber can induce chronic ocular hypertension in mouse,which leads to the progressive damage of RGCs and neural fibers.This animal model shows a similar chronic pathogenic process to human glaucomatous eye.

Aim To study the effect of sibutramine hydrochloride on hypothalamus orexin system gene in high-fat dietary obesity rats.Methods SD rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity model.Then,the rats were divided into two groups,the treatment group with sibutramine(8 mg?kg-1,ig)and control group with NaCl(ig)for 4 weeks.All rats' weight,blood fat and glucose were measured,prepro-orexin and its receptors mRNA expression in the hypothalamus were assessed by semi-quantity RT-PCR.Results Sibutramine not only decreased the obesity rats' weight and the level of serum lipid and glucose,but also increased the level of prepro-orexin mRNA expression in obesity rats.There was no difference in mRNA expression of both orexin receptors in each group.Conclusions Sibutramine hydrochlorid has an anti-obesity effect in high-fat obesity rats,which may be related to the increase of prepro-orexin gene mRNA expression level.

Objective To evaluated the preserving or removing jejunal mucosa pancreatico-jejunal invaginated anastomosis in pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods Between February 2003 and December 2012,58 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy using pancreaticojejunal invaginated anastomosis in our department.In group A,28 patients received pancreatico-jejunal invaginated anastomosis using jejunum preserving technique.Briefly,3 to 4 cm remanent pancreas was inserted into jejunum and thc jcjunum was bundled up using No.7 silk thread at 2 to 3 cm distant to the cutting surface of the pancreas.In group B,30 patients received pancreatico-jejunal invaginated anastomosis using jejunum removing technique.Briefly,the jejunum mucosa was everted and the proximal 3 cmlong mucosa was removed.Then the everted jejunum was re-positioned and the ending of the jejunum was interruptedly sutured to the remanent pancreas.Finally,the covered jejunum was tied up as the group A.Results The pancrcatico-jejunal anastomosis time was 36 ±0.34 minutes shorter in group A than group B (P ＜0.001).The incidence of pancreatic fistula was higher in group B (20.0％) than group A (0％).In contrast,the incidence of post-operative pancreatic bleeding was compared between the two groups (3.6％ vs 3.3％,P =1.000).Conclusions Preserving ejunum mucosa pancreatico-jejunal invaginated anastomosis was unaffected by pancreatic texture pancreatic duct size and position.This method takes the advantages of simple operation and reducing the incidence of pancreatic fistula.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasonogrphy(CEUS) and quantitative analysis in differentiating between thyroid solid malignant masses and solid benign masses.Methods 40 patients with thyroid solid mass were enrolled into this prospective study between March 2012 and June 2012.A total of 45 thyroid solid masses were evaluated by CEUS,and the final pathology diagnosis was confirmed by core biopsy or thyroidectomy.The diagnostic yield of enhancement patterns and quantitative parameters were assessed for differentiating between the solid malignant and benign masses.Results Enhancement patterns were classified into five types (nonenhancement,early hypo enhancement,hypo enhancement,isoenhancement,hyperenhancement).Two malignant masses had nonenhancement pattern,and 6 malignant masses had early hypoenhancement pattern,and 14 malignant and 4 benign masses had the hypo enhancement pattern,and 5 malignant and 7 benign masses had the isoenhancement pattern,and 1 malignant and 6 benign masses had the hyperenhancement pattern.There was a significant difference between malignant and benign enhancement patterns of thyroid solid masses (x2 =12.184,P =0.016).Nonenhancement,early hypoenhancement and whole phase hypoenhancement pattern predict thyroid solid malignant masses with sensitivity of 78.5 ％ and specificity of 76.5 ％.Among seven quantitative parameters used to predict thyroid malignant mass,the relative maximum intensity (IMAX％) of lesions had highest value in differentiating between the malignant and benign masses with sensitivity of 80.8 ％ and specificity of 82.6％,and area under receiver operating curve (AUC) of the IMAX％ was 0.878.RT (rising time),TTP (time to peak intensity),mTT (mean transit time) had almost non differentiation value with AUC of 0.619,0.601,0.656 separately.And mTT-Ratio (mTT of lesion/mTT of parametric area),RT-Ratio (RT of lesion/RT of parametric area),TTP-Ratio (TTP of lesion/TTP of parametric area) had less differential diagnostic value with AUC of 0.749,0.744,0.704 comparing with IMAX％.Conclusions Nonenhancement and early or whole phase hypoenhancement could be characteristic enhancement pattern of malignant thyroid solid masses,and IMAX％ had good diagnostic value in differentiating between malignant and benign masses among the quantitative parameters.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficiency and risk factors for effects after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of sonography.Methods The clinical data and the follow-up radiographic images of the patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated by percutaneous RFA were reviewed between June 2011 and May 2012,and the short-term incomplete ablation rate,recurrance rate and tumor progression rate were calculated,and the factors affecting the incomplete ablation rate,recurrence rate and progression rate were analyzed.Results 610 lesions were ablated in the total of 462 RFA procedures for 405 patients under the guidance of sonography with percutaneous method.The average size of the tumor was (2.5 ± 1.1)cm.During at least 3-month follow-up,complete and incomplete ablation rate was 89.2％ (544/610) and 10.8％ (66/610)separately,and recurrance rate and progression rate of tumor was 17.5％ (81/462) and 23.8％ (110/462).The numbers (≥3) and the size (≥3 cm) and the location (close to vessels) of the lesions reduced the complete ablation rate.The numbers (≥3) of lesions affected the recurrence rate and progression rate of lesions as only risk factor.Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metstasis from gastrointestine or non-gastrointestine had higher recurrence rate and progression rate comparing with primary HCC.Conclusions RFA can effectively control local progression of hepatic maglinant tumors,and the tumor's size,number and location close to velssels could effect complete ablation rate,the number of tumors could effect the recurrence and porgression rate.Recurrent HCC and metstasis from gastrointestine or nongastrointestine had higher recurrence and progression rate comparing with primary HCC.

Objective To evaluate the safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA ) in hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of ultrasonography .Methods The clinical data and the follow‐up radiographic images of the patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated by percutaneous RFA between January 2012 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed ,and the major or minor complications of RFA were both calculated .Results 1 568 lesions were ablated by 1 080 percutaneous RFA procedures in 900 patients with hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of the sonography .The average size of the tumors was (2 6.± 1 2.)cm .The total complications rate of 1 080 RFA procedures was 5 9.3% (64/1 080) , which including intra‐abdominal bleeding 2 7.8% (30/1 080) ,hepatic abscess 0 7.4% (8/1 080) ,biliary tract damage 0 6.4% (7/1 080 ) ,vascular damage 0 5.6% (6/1 080 ) ,tract seeding 0 4.6% (5/1 080 ) ,pleural hemorrhage 0 3.7% (4/1 080) ,gastrointestinal damage 0 1.8% (2/1 080) ,hepatic encephalopathy 0 0.9% (1/1 080) ,and death 0 0.9% (1/1 080) .While major complications was 1 9.4% (21/1 080) vs minor 3 9.8% (43/1 080) .Sixty three patients with complications recovered after treatments including blood transfusion , ablation ,surgery ,interventional drainage procedure and liver transplantation ,only one patient died for irreversible liver failure .Conclusions RFA for hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of sonography is a safe method with lower complications rate ,however ,the potential major complications and the indications of RFA liver malignant tumors should be carefully focused on .