This article reviews the progress of biomechanical studies on anterior cervical fusion and non-fusion surgery in recent years. The similarities and differences between animal and human cervical spines as well as the major three biomechanical test methods are introduced. Major progresses of biomechanical evaluation in anterior cervical fusion and non-fusion devices, hybrid surgery, coupled motion and biomechanical parameters, such as the instant center of rotation, are classified and summarized. Future development of loading method, multilevel hybrid surgery and coupling character are also discussed.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Rotation ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

Objective To evaluate the effect of integrated schistosomiasis control in Shashi District from 2009 to 2013 so as to provide the evidence for the development and adjustment of schistosomiasis control strategies. Methods The data of inte-grated schistosomiasis control from 2009 to 2013 were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situations of human livestock and Oncomelania hupensis snails. Results From 2009 to 2013 the infection rates of human and cattle decreased from 2.24%and 1.92% to 0.63% and 0 with decrease rates of 71.88% and 100% respectively the area with snails decreased from 760.40 hm2 to 715.08 hm2 with a decrease rate of 5.69% the occurrence rate of frames with living snails and the average densi-ty of living snails decreased from 26.32%and 0.67 snail/0.1 m2 to 18.30%and 0.53 snail/0.1 m2 with decrease rates of 30.47%and 20.90% respectively. No infected living snails were found from 2012 to 2013. Conclusion The integrated schistosomiasis prevention and control strategies with emphasis on infectious source control could effectively reduce the infection rates of human and cattle as well as the snail situation.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury can cause graft injury, and rapamycin, as an immunosuppressant commonly used clinically, show multiple effects on graft which after reperfusion. Here, we will review the role of rapamycin in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND:Klinefelter nails and external fixation were commonly used treatment methods for Bennett fracture, but study about biomechanics of two methods was little. OBJECTIVE:To establish three-dimensional finite element models of Bennett fracture by Klinefelter nails and external fixation, and analyze its biomechanics. METHODS:Three-dimensional models of Bennett fracture were established by smal external fixation and Kirschner nail treatment. The Bennett fracture models established by smal external fixation treatment were considered as model A. Bennett fracture models established by Kirschner nail treatment were considered as model B. 120 N load was applied to the first metacarpal X-axis direction. The X-direction displacement and total displacement of model A and model B, and the fracture fragments stress of model A and model B were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) In the X direction, the absolute values of maximum displacement and minimum displacement of model A at proximal fragment and distal fragment were less than model B;the maximum relative displacement, minimum relative displacement and average relative displacement of model A were less than model B. The differences of the average displacement of the proximal fracture fragment and the distal fragment, and the relative mean displacement in two models were statistical y significant (P<0.05). (2) In total displacement, absolute values of the maximum displacement and minimum displacement of model A at proximal fragment were less than model B;absolute values of the maximum displacement and minimum displacement of model A at distal fragment were less than model B;the maximum relative displacement, minimum relative displacement and average relative displacement of model A were less than model B. The differences of the average displacement of the proximal fracture fragment and the distal fragment, and the relative mean displacement in two models were statistical y significant (P<0.05). (3) The maximum stress value, a minimum stress value and the average stress values of fracture fragments of model A were significantly smal er than model B. The difference of the mean stress value in two models was statistical y significant (P<0.05). (4) These findings showed that the X-direction displacement and the total displacement were smal er, and the fracture fragments stress was uniform in smal external fixation and Kirschner nail treatment for Bennett fracture, indicating that smal external fixation for Bennett fracture has more advantages compared with Klinefelter nail.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of inflammatory cytokine TNF-? and IFN-? on RANTES secretion in human kera-tinocyte(HaCaT)and the inhibition effect of naringin on induction mechanism by using acitretin as positive control.METHODS:The HaCaT cells were assigned into negative control group,model stimulation group(treated with TNF-?+IFN-?),acitretin pretreatment group(treated with TNF-?+IFN-?+acitretin),naringin pretreatment group(treated with TNF-?+IFN-?+naringin).The concentration of RANTES in HaCaT cells which were stimulated by cytokine TNF-? and IFN-? alone or together after acitretin and naringin were added into stimulators was determined by ELISA assay.The expressions of NF-?B P65 protein in HaCaT cells was detected with immunocytochemical method and Western blot method.RESULTS:The concenctration of RANTES in HaCaT cells which were stimulated by cytokine TNF-? or IFN-? alone or together increased;the greatest concentration was observed in model stimulation group(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the antipyretic,in vitro and in vivo bacteriostatic effects of XBT METHODS:Experimen_ts were carried out on a rat model of using dry-yeast as pyretogenic agent and by conventional in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial tests,and the antipyretic and bacteriostatic effects of XBT were observed RESULTS:XBT can significantly inhibit the pyretogenesis induced by dry-yeast in rats;The result of antimicrobial experiment showed that XBT could significantly inhibit ?-hemolytic streptococcus,?-hemolytic streptococcus,streptococcus pneumaniae,and staphylococcus aureus in vitro It showed protective effects on infection with ?-hemolytic streptococcus CONCLUSION:XBT have antipyretic and bacteriostatic effects

Objective To observe the efficacy,feasibility and safety of continous intravenous infusion of furosemide,dopamine combined with Shenmai on treatment of refractory heart failure. Methods Fifty-six patients with diuretic resistance and refractory heart failure were divided into control group(28 patients)and treatment group(28 patients)by random digits table. Conventional diuretics and other anti-heart failure treatment were used in two groups, meanwhile, continuous intravenous infusion of furosemide,dopamine and Shenmai were used in treatment group for 5-7 days. The clinical symptoms and signs, pulmonary edema in chest X-ray and the improvements of pulmonary congestion were observed before and after treatment. Results In treatment group, 10 patients were markedly effective, 14 patients were effective, and 4 patients were unfruitful. The total effective rate was 85.7%(24/28). In control group, 3 patients were markedly effective, 10 patients were effective, and 15 patients were unfruitful. The total effective rate was 46.4%(13/28). There was significant difference in total effective rate between two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The indexes of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index were significantly improved in treatment group(P ＜ 0.05), but was not significantly improved in control group(P ＞ 0.05). After treatment,2 patients emerged hypokalemia and hyponatremia, after symptomatic treatment,they all recovered. Conclusion Conventional treatment combined with continuous intravenous infusion of furosemide,dopamine and Shenmai in patients with refractory heart failure is markedly effective, feasible and safe.

Objective To investigate the postoperative self-care ability and its influence factors in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods The self-made basic status questionnaire, exercise of self-care agency scale and social support rating scale were used to survey 106 cases with esophageal cancer from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2014. The risk factors of self-care ability were analyzed. Results 101 effective questionnaire were got and the effective rate was 95.28%. The total score of self-care ability was (108.6± 21.5), 45 cases (44.55%) were at higher level and 56 cases (55.45%) were at moderate level. Univariate analysis showed educational level, chronic health disorders and health perception were associated with the total score of postoperative self-care ability (All P<0.01). The total score of social support were (43.5±6.5) and positively correlated with self-care ability (r=0.325,P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that education level, health perception and social support were important risk factors of self-care ability (t=2.926,-3.654, 2.301, All P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The level of postoperative self-care ability in patients with esophageal cancer is not high. For the patients with low level of education, health perception and social support, nurse should enhance the health education.

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of baccalaureate nursing students' core competency,and supply scientific reference for sustainable development of nursing career.Methods From May to June 2013,totally 280 baccalaureate nursing students from a third-level hospital in Tianjin were tested by the Chinese version of CINS edited by Li-Ling Hsu.Results The score of nursing students' core competency was (5.379±0.744),and the highest score was the moral and responsibility ability dimension (5.840 ±0.827),the lowest score was the critical thinking ability dimension (4.794 ± 1.105).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ever finishing homework and preparing for the exam carefully,deciding the service units after graduation and gender were the influencing factors of nursing students' core competency.Conclusions Nursing students' core competency needs to be further improved.Nursing educators and managers should pay more attention to cultivate the nursing students' core competency,and develop strategies to enhance the level of baccalaureate nursing students' core competency.

Objective To determine the impact of baccalaureate nursing students' psychological capital on core competency.Methods A total of 280 baccalaureate nursing students from a certain third-level and grade-A hospital in Tianjin were tested by the Chinese version CINS Scale and Chinese version of PsyCap Scale.The relationship between psychological capital and core competency was analyzed.Results The mean score of psychological capital was (4.365±0.773),the mean score of core competency was (5.379±0.744).There were significant positive correlations between psychological capital and core competency.Regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy,hope and optimism could explain 42.6％ of the variance for baccalaureate nursing students' core competency.Conclusions Nursing educator and administrator should focus on the shortcomings of psychological capital,and take effective measures to enhance nursing students' psychological capital and improve the level of core competency.