AIM: To observe the effects of D-galactose on the lumber vertebra body and investigate the reasons. METHODS: 12 rats at age of 6 months were divided into two groups, control group and D-galactose group (n=6 in each). The control group were administered saline solution sc, and the D-galactose group were administered 5% D-galactose solution sc at dose of 100 mg?kg -1. After 3 month, the rats were killed by exsanguination from heart. The fourth lumber vertebra was taken and immerged in formalin. The testicle were taken and immerged in formalin at the same time. The blood serum was collected by centrifugating the collected blood after resting for a while, and it was preserved in refrigeratory at the degree of - 70 ℃.The vertebra body were embedded in plastic and sliced up after being dehydrated step by step with different concentration ethanol. The slices were analyzed under the image analysis apparatus. The testicle were made into paraffin slices and observed under the common microscope. The concentration of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were measured by radio-immunity assay. RESULTS: The lumber vertebra body in D-galactose group appeared osteoporosis. The serum testosterone hormone concentrations of D-galactose rats were significantly decreased. And the microstructure of testicle present aging change, but no change of serum LH concentration was observed. CONCLUTION: D-galactose can cause the osteoporosis in male rats, which may be related to affect the function of thalamus-pituitary-testicle axis, decrease the content of testosterone of D-galactose.

AIM: To investigate the effects of D-galactose on ultrastructure of rats' hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.METHODS: 12 rats at age of 6 months were divided into two groups at random,the control and D-galactose group.Rats of control group were treated with saline solution by sc,and rats of D-galactose group were treated with D-galactose by sc at dose of 100(mg?kg~(-1)). Three months later the rats were killed by exsanguinating from heart.After being infused into the left ventricle with 2%-(2.5)% polyformaldehyde at the dose of 50(mg?kg~(-1)),the brains were taken and immerged in(2.5)% polyformaldehyde,then the arcuate nucleus was taken according to the atlas of brain,the tissues taken were made into ultrathin sections to be observed under electron microscope.RESULTS: comparing to rats in control group,neurons of the arcuate nucleus of rats in D-galactose group appeared aging,the number of organelle in plasma decreased,but the number of lipochromesome in plasma increased significantly,and the size of neurons decreased also.Furthermore the apoptosis neuron was observed,the chromosome of which congregated around the nucleus' membrane,the typical aging neuron was also observed,the neuraxon of which was atrophying.But there were no obvious changes observed in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of rats in control group,plenty of organelles were observed under electron microscope clearly.CONCLUSION:D-galactose can cause neurons of rats' arcuate nucleus aging,the neurons appeared atrophying and apoptosis.

Objective To examine the early effects of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) on cancellous bone in 20-month aged male rats. Methods PGE 2 was given to the aged rats for 10 and 30 days at dose of 3 mg?kg -1 d -1 respectively, while designing intact aged male rats as controls. After twice in vivo fluorochrome labeling, undecalcified longitudinal sections were subjected to analysis of bone histomorphometry. Results After 10 days treatment, osteoblast surface 〔(12.3?7.6)%〕 and osteoid surface 〔(20.4?7.2)%〕 were markedly increased than that of controls 〔(1.6?0.7)% and (4.3?1.7)%, P

Objective To explore the experience of long-term outcomes of orthotopic heart transplantation. Methods From Aug. 1995 to Dec. 2004, 40 patients with end-stage dilatation cardiomyopathy, 36 males and 4 females, aged 13～60 years underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) , 39 standard styles and 1 total style. Results 40 cases were all successful treated. The survival time is from 8 to 112 months with heart function of 0-I degree. All cases are in good quality of live and enjoy normal entertainments and work. Pulmonary infection and cardiac arrhythmia are the most common complications but they did not degrade the result after proper treatments. Conclusion Heart transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with end-stage heart diseases. Appropriate selections of recipients with low pulmonary vascular resistance, satisfactory myocardial preservation are the key points to success. The precautions and prompt treatments to the postoperative complications are guarantee for the ultimate results of heart transplantations.

Objective To explore the related causes and management of the death cases (following) orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Methods The data of the death cases (14 cases) were studied retrospectively.Results Fourteen cases died among the total 54 cases of OHT from Aug. 1995 to Dec. 2004 in our hospital. Eight cases died within 1 month and 1 case subject to combined heart-kidney transplantation died on the 38th day, and the other 5 cases died during the period from 17 weeks to 4 years. The death cases died of acute right ventricular failure (4 cases), lung infection (5 cases, including 3 cases associated with fungus infection), acute rejection (4 cases), acute renal failure (4 cases), arrhythmia (4 cases), adult respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases) and diabetes (2 (cases)). The death of 8 cases was related with several causes.Conclusion Various causes should be (responsible) for the results. In order to decrease the mortality rate, the recipients should be selected with low pulmonary vascular resistance and less preoperative complications. It is very important to discover and manage complications in time perioperatively.

Objective To develop the formulation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HAW-SMEDDS). Methods The optimum formulations of oil phase, surfactant, and assistant surfactant for HAW-SMEDDS were screened by solubility test, compatibility test, and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, with the time of formulating microemulsion, the consequence of visual examination, and particle size as indexes. The dissolution of HAW-SMEDDS was measured, taking the commercial tablet Yixintong Tablet as reference. Results The optimum self-microemulsifying drug delivery system was composed of Labrasol (35%), Transcutol P (10%). The particle diameter was (39.5?5.4) nm, the time of self-microemulsifying was less than 1 min. The percent of accumulated dissolution of hawthorn leaves flavonoids in SMEDDS in distilled water was up to 70% at 10 min, while that in the Yixintong Tablet was less than 50% at 60 min. Conclusion The formulation of HAW-SMEDDS preparation could meet the request of the design. It could provide the reference for the new dosage form.

AIM: To study the cerebra damaged by long-term administration of prednisone,and investigate the preventive effects of compound danqi (CD) in rats. METHODS: 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 rats each group. Group 1 was control (NS group),other groups were oral gavages prednisone ( 2.7 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) first,and then plus vehicle (GC group),or plus CD at dose of 2.5 , 5.0 or 10.0 g?kg -1 ?d -1 ,respectively,once a day for 12 weeks. At the experimental endpoint,animals were drawn blood from right ventricle under anesthesia. The left half cerebrum was milled in 10% homogenate to test the content of mono-amine oxidase (MAO),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE). The right half cerebrum was for histological observation. RESULTS: The concentration of SOD and AchE decreased,yet MAO increased significantly in GC group. Moreover,histopathology showed that the structure of cerebrum cortex became thinner and hippocampi was in disorder. Dropsical and necrotic nerve cells were found. Yet CD could prevent the changes of nerve centre in prednisone tats. CONCLUTION: Cerebra damage occurs in four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats after prednisone-treated for 12 weeks. The treatment of CD in different dose can prevent the damage.

AIM To study the effects of ASA on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung Adenocarcinoma cell lines SPCA-1 in vivo. METHODS Cytotoxicity assay was tested by MTT method.Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM).The morphology of the treated cells was observed by wright exclusion,Hoechest/PI exclusion, electron microscope. Apoptosis landder was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. RESULTS ASA inhibited SPCA-1 cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent fashion(1.0～12.5 mmol?L -1,24 h～72 h). ASA increased the number of cells in G 0/G 1 and G 2/M phases,degrased the population of S phases at on 24 h and incresed apoptosis cells number. CONCLUSION ASA may inhibit the proliferation of SPCA-1 cell lines through effects on cell cycle and apoptosis.

Aim To study the characteristics of osteoporosis induced by long-term administration of prednisone, and investigate the preventive effects of compound stanozolol (CS) on the adverse reactions in male rats. Methods Twenty-four four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rats per group. Group 1 was control (NS group), other groups were oral gavages prednisone (2.7 mg?kg -1?d -1) first, and then plus vehicle (GC group) or plus CS (combination of Stanozolol 0.5 mg?kg -1?d -1 + Calciofon 0.5 g?kg -1?d -1 + Vitamin D 3 250 U?kg -1?d -1), once a day for 12 weeks. At the experimental endpoint, animals were drawn blood from right ventricle under anesthesia. The tibia, ulna and thighbone were collected to test for parameters related to bone.The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibia metaphyseal sections were cut and stained with Masson-Goldner's Trichrome (5-?m thickness) for osteoclasts analysis, unstained sections (8-?m thickness) for the cancellous bone histomorphometric and fluorochrome labeling analysis. The measured parameters were used to calculate the percent trabecular area (Tb.Ar%), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), percent labeled perimeter (L.Pm%), Mineral apposition rate (MRA), bone formation rate (BFR/TV, BFR/BV, BFR/BS), unit area osteoclast number (Oc.N/BV) and Percent osteoclast number surface perimeter (OcP/BS). The desiccant left ulnar was dissolved in hydrochloric acid to test the content of Ca 2+ and hydroxyproline. Length and width of the thigh bone were tested to observe the instance of bone growing. Results Compared with NS group, bone weight, contents of bone hydroxyproline and Ca 2+decreased remarkably in GC group and the bone histomorphometric parameters also showed bone lose significantly.The effects of CS in prednisone rats showed that CS prevented bone loss effectively.Conclusions Bone loss occured in four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats after prednisone-treated for 12 weeks. CS could prevent bone loss effectively by inhibiting bone resorption and advancing bone formation.