AIM: To observe the effects of D-galactose on the lumber vertebra body and investigate the reasons. METHODS: 12 rats at age of 6 months were divided into two groups, control group and D-galactose group (n=6 in each). The control group were administered saline solution sc, and the D-galactose group were administered 5% D-galactose solution sc at dose of 100 mg?kg -1. After 3 month, the rats were killed by exsanguination from heart. The fourth lumber vertebra was taken and immerged in formalin. The testicle were taken and immerged in formalin at the same time. The blood serum was collected by centrifugating the collected blood after resting for a while, and it was preserved in refrigeratory at the degree of - 70 ℃.The vertebra body were embedded in plastic and sliced up after being dehydrated step by step with different concentration ethanol. The slices were analyzed under the image analysis apparatus. The testicle were made into paraffin slices and observed under the common microscope. The concentration of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were measured by radio-immunity assay. RESULTS: The lumber vertebra body in D-galactose group appeared osteoporosis. The serum testosterone hormone concentrations of D-galactose rats were significantly decreased. And the microstructure of testicle present aging change, but no change of serum LH concentration was observed. CONCLUTION: D-galactose can cause the osteoporosis in male rats, which may be related to affect the function of thalamus-pituitary-testicle axis, decrease the content of testosterone of D-galactose.

AIM: To investigate the effects of D-galactose on ultrastructure of rats' hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.METHODS: 12 rats at age of 6 months were divided into two groups at random,the control and D-galactose group.Rats of control group were treated with saline solution by sc,and rats of D-galactose group were treated with D-galactose by sc at dose of 100(mg?kg~(-1)). Three months later the rats were killed by exsanguinating from heart.After being infused into the left ventricle with 2%-(2.5)% polyformaldehyde at the dose of 50(mg?kg~(-1)),the brains were taken and immerged in(2.5)% polyformaldehyde,then the arcuate nucleus was taken according to the atlas of brain,the tissues taken were made into ultrathin sections to be observed under electron microscope.RESULTS: comparing to rats in control group,neurons of the arcuate nucleus of rats in D-galactose group appeared aging,the number of organelle in plasma decreased,but the number of lipochromesome in plasma increased significantly,and the size of neurons decreased also.Furthermore the apoptosis neuron was observed,the chromosome of which congregated around the nucleus' membrane,the typical aging neuron was also observed,the neuraxon of which was atrophying.But there were no obvious changes observed in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of rats in control group,plenty of organelles were observed under electron microscope clearly.CONCLUSION:D-galactose can cause neurons of rats' arcuate nucleus aging,the neurons appeared atrophying and apoptosis.

Objective To examine the early effects of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) on cancellous bone in 20-month aged male rats. Methods PGE 2 was given to the aged rats for 10 and 30 days at dose of 3 mg?kg -1 d -1 respectively, while designing intact aged male rats as controls. After twice in vivo fluorochrome labeling, undecalcified longitudinal sections were subjected to analysis of bone histomorphometry. Results After 10 days treatment, osteoblast surface 〔(12.3?7.6)%〕 and osteoid surface 〔(20.4?7.2)%〕 were markedly increased than that of controls 〔(1.6?0.7)% and (4.3?1.7)%, P

Objective To explore the experience of long-term outcomes of orthotopic heart transplantation. Methods From Aug. 1995 to Dec. 2004, 40 patients with end-stage dilatation cardiomyopathy, 36 males and 4 females, aged 13～60 years underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) , 39 standard styles and 1 total style. Results 40 cases were all successful treated. The survival time is from 8 to 112 months with heart function of 0-I degree. All cases are in good quality of live and enjoy normal entertainments and work. Pulmonary infection and cardiac arrhythmia are the most common complications but they did not degrade the result after proper treatments. Conclusion Heart transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with end-stage heart diseases. Appropriate selections of recipients with low pulmonary vascular resistance, satisfactory myocardial preservation are the key points to success. The precautions and prompt treatments to the postoperative complications are guarantee for the ultimate results of heart transplantations.

Objective To explore the related causes and management of the death cases (following) orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Methods The data of the death cases (14 cases) were studied retrospectively.Results Fourteen cases died among the total 54 cases of OHT from Aug. 1995 to Dec. 2004 in our hospital. Eight cases died within 1 month and 1 case subject to combined heart-kidney transplantation died on the 38th day, and the other 5 cases died during the period from 17 weeks to 4 years. The death cases died of acute right ventricular failure (4 cases), lung infection (5 cases, including 3 cases associated with fungus infection), acute rejection (4 cases), acute renal failure (4 cases), arrhythmia (4 cases), adult respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases) and diabetes (2 (cases)). The death of 8 cases was related with several causes.Conclusion Various causes should be (responsible) for the results. In order to decrease the mortality rate, the recipients should be selected with low pulmonary vascular resistance and less preoperative complications. It is very important to discover and manage complications in time perioperatively.

AIM To study the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and osteoporosis and to determine the preventive effects of Glycyrrhizin on bone loss in mice. METHOD Forty PCR Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group A mice were controls; Group B mice were given sc injection of 40% CCl 4 10 ml?kg -1 once per 5 days as fibrosis model group; Group C were given orally colchicine of 0 01 mg?kg -1 plus CCl 4 sc, Group D were given Glycyrrhizin(GL) of 100 mg?kg -1 orally plus CCl 4 sc. The four groups were treated for 42 days. The liver injury indexes were measured and the mineral elements and Hydroxyproline of the femur were determined. RESULT Compared with group A, the serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) were markedly increased and serum albumin (Alb) and A/G(Alb/(total protein Alb) were decreased significantly in group B whose liver slides also showed typical liver cirrhosis. The dried weight of femur in the cirrhosis mice was markedly reduced and the bone Calcium content and bone Hydroxyproline content were also significantly decreased in group B. Bone copper and bone magnesium were increased in group B. In group D, GL inhibited markedly the decrease of the serum enzymes and increased Calcium content and Hydroxyproline content of the bone compared with group B. The bone mass loss was prevented effectively by Glycyrrhizin. CONCLUSION The bone mass was lost in mice with chronic hepatic injury induced by CCl 4 and Glycyrrhizin can prevent bone loss which was accompanied by chronic hepatic injury in mice.

AIM: To study the time dose effects of liver damnification induced by CCl 4 in rats. METHODS: The SD rats were given sc injection 60% CCl 4 twice a week to induced liver damage. After the first week, one proportion animals were killed. The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase (ALT), hyaluronic Acid (HA), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) were investigated, and the thymus, liver, spleen, kidney, and the adrend gland were weighed. On the other hand, the liver tissue was studied with histopathological to observe the degrees of inflammatory activity and fibrous hyperplasia. In the coming the third, fifth, seventh, ninth week, the different proportion animals were done as the above. RESULTS: In the first week, the level of serum ALT were significantly increased; in the third week, the hepatic cells were occurred fattiness denaturalization; in the fifth week, the histopathological showed the necrotic hepatic cells obviously; in the seventh week, the histopathological displayed that the liver turned into fibrotic; and in the ninth week, the liver changed into hepaticfibrosis induced by CCl 4. CONCLUSION: The injection (sc) of 60% CCl 4 will cause diverse hepatic injury with the dissimilar durative time in rats.