OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevention measures of antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD) with microecological modulators.METHODS As control group,344 hospitalized adult patients with severe abdomen and/or lung infection but without gastroenteric disease received combined antibiotics treatment for more than five days.other 141 patients with same disease were divided into two test groups randomly.The patients received combined antibiotics treatment plus Bifid Triple Viable capsule(Pei-Fei-Kang)(group A) or Bacillus(licheniformis) capsule(Zheng-Chang-Sheng)(group B).The incidence of AAD in two test groups compared(respectively) to that of(control) group.(RESULTS) In control group,the incidence of AAD for more than 60 years old patients((22.31%)) was(significantly) higher than that of less than 60 years ones(8.88%)(P

AIM: To investigate the action of diltiazem (a calcium antagonist) on the expression of heme oxygenase (HO) -1 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small pulmonary arteries (SPA) of rat in chronic hypoxia. METHODS: Chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension models were established by treating the rats in hypoxic environment[(10%?1%)O 2] for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of hypoxia, rats were treated with diltiazem (15 mg/kg/day). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. Pathological changes in the lungs were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The expression and distribution of heme oxygenase (HO) -1, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Guanosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) of lung tissues were detected with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Diltiazem significantly decreased abnormal RVSP, and RVHI in model rats, attenuated the SPA media thickeness, and recovered abnormal eNOS and iNOS expression in SPA. Whereas diltiazem had little effect on the increased HO-1 expression in SPA caused by hypoxia and ultrastructure injury in endothelium. cGMP levels were corresponded with HO-1. CONCLUSION: Diltiazem has a significant effect on inhibiting hypoxic pulmonary hypertension structural remodeling. These effects might be partly attributed to the suppression of iNOS, promotion of eNOS, and not attenuation HO-1 expression in the lung of hypoxic rats.