0 05) CONCLUSION:The health problems and rational use of drugs in the aged should be given more concerns,especially in the patients between the ages of 60 and 69 years The reason why the consultation rate of man is higher than that of women should be found out The use of injection preparations and the kinds of drug for combined use ought to be decreased

OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective mode and way to quickly train on-the-job pharmacist to become clinical pharmacist in China.METHODS:With the reference to the process and current situation of clinical pharmacist training both domestically and abroad,the background,systems and policies about clinical pharmacist training were compared and the per?sonal working experience of the author was considered,then an efficient mode for domestic on-the-job pharmacist training was put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:On-the-job pharmacist training in China should be carried out in steps,which includes theoretical study and clinical practice,establishment of evaluation system,and writing of scientific papers,only by doing this can we really train the clinical pharmacists in clinical practice,ensure the safe,rational,effective and economic medication and reduce the waste of health resources.

OBJECTIVE:To gain a clear idea of difference of drug requirement and DDD between senile women and men patients,so as to provide a scientific basis for safely,effectively,economically and rationally preventing and treating diseases of senile patients and improving their quality of life METHODS:A 2-year(1998～1999)prescription database,which was set up by PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS research group of 22 hospitals in Beijing,was used for this study Information of senile out-p_atients(≥60 years old)was collected and analysed Foxpro software was used for statistics and analysis RESULTS:The prescription rate for senile male patients was 11 6%,whereas that for senile female patients was 8 3% Proportion of injection for per hundred male out-patients was 17 0% and that for female patients was 20 4% The main kinds of drugs used for both male and female patients were cardiovascular drugs and vitamins,the DDDs of which were lower than those defined by WHO and drug directions,however,the DDDs for male patients were higher than those for female The rate of consultation for cardiovascular disease was high in both sexes Prostate diseases in senile male patients and diabetes in female should be given more concern The drugs used for both sexes accorded with National Essential Drugs List(men 85%;women 87 5%) CONCLUSIO_N:The rate of prescription and DDDs for senile male patients were higher than those for female,however,the proportion of injections for per hundred male patients was lower than that for female

Objective To access the efficacy of oximeter in blood oxygen saturation monitoring in limb fracture patients. Method Monitor the blood oxygen saturation level in 200 patients with limb fractures , and determine whether blood circulation disorders exist in these patients accordingly. Results Within the 200 patients, 107 had normal blood oxygen saturation level, 50 patients had possible blood circulation disorder , 40 patients had blood circulation disorder, 3 patients had critical limb ischemia among which 2 were diagnosed as osteofascial compartment syndrome , and one as partial breakage of arteriovenous vessels. All the patients recovered well after prompt and proper treatment. Conclusion Blood oxygen saturation monitoring in post-limb- fracture patients using a oximeter can discover blood circulation disorders promptly , thus ensure proper treatment and avoid mal-practice and missed diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the safety of Puerarin injection in clinical use.METHODS:The adverse drug re?actions(ADRs)and administration of Puerarin injection at Xuanwu Hospital from Oct.2002to Feb.2003were investigat?ed.RESULTS:According to the dosage in drug intruction,the Puerarin injection was diluted in0.9%sodium chloride of5%glucose solution and infused alone with a infusion rate of40～60drops/min,which would be safe and induce less ADRs,and use in overdose markedly increased the incidence of ADRs.CONCLUSION:Use of this preparation should strictly be in accordance with the specification.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological intervention on the mental conditions and the quality of life of patients with radiation encephalopathy(REP).Methods thirty-five patients with REP from radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into the control group(n=17)and the experiment group(n=18)according to their registration sequence. The control group was managed with conventional nursing,and the experiment group with individualized psychological intervention in addition to routine nursing for 12 weeks.The two groups were compared in terms of depression and quality of life by Hamilton Depression rating Scale(HAMD)and The short-form health survey questionnaire(SF-36).Results The two groups before treatment showed no statistical difference in scores by HAMD and SF-36(P>0.05).The experiment group was superior to the control group after intervention in depression and quality of life(P<0.01).Conclusion Psychological intervention may alleviate REP in the patients at poor psychological status and improve their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize the clindamycin injection safely.METHODS: 167 cases of hospitalized patients, who underwent clindamycin injection during the period between March 22, 2004 and April 27, 2004 were followed up and analyzed through the self-made questionnaires. RESULTS: 98 cases were for preventing infections; 76 cases were for treating infections; in 107(47+60) cases clindamycin injection was used in combination with other anti-infective drugs to prevent and treat infections; the average dosage was 0.6g～1.2g,bid,and the average length of time was (17?15)d;the incidence of ADR was 6.6%(11/167), and the main clinical manifestations were sickness, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of mouth and lip, fever, and mycoinfection. CONCLUSION: Only by strict control of signs for drug use and ways of administration can the clinical safety be improved.

OBJECTIVE:In order to promote the rational drug use in China,we undertook a multi-center international indicators field survey of rational drug use(RDU).METHODS:According to the international RDU indicators of WHO/IN?RUD,a multi-center,random and on-site survey to the prescriptions and patients was carried out on the same day at7dif?ferent level hospitals.RESULTS:Prescription indicators:the average number of drugs per prescription was2.63;the percent?age of antibiotics prescribed was38.3%;and the percentage of preparations for injection prescribed was20.4%;the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list(EDL)was69.6%.Patient care indicators:average consultation time was7.17minutes;average dispensing time was15.4seconds;percentage of drugs actually dispensed was100%;percentage of drugs ac?tually labeled was99%;percentage of patients'knowledge of correct dosage was86.3%.CONCLUSION:It is practicable and effective to get the data by using the indicators of WHO/INRUD.The rational drug use and the care from doctors and phar?macists to the patients are not enough in China,which remains to be improved.

80mg, P7 days, P 0.05) .The immunopotentiators could increase the morbidity of psychotic reactions .CONCLUSION: Overdose and long - course of glucocorticoid therapy may increase the morbidity of the psychotic adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE:To provide scientic basis for clinical use of hormone.METHODS:The influence of methylpred?nisolone injection(MP)on levels of serum potassium,sodium,calcium,blood sugar,blood pressure,blood lipid,and protein was observed.RESULTS:MP had the most obvious influence on serum calcium and protein,while it had the least influence on triglyceride.Along with the increases of dosage of drug and patient’s age,the changes of biochemical indices induced by MP w_ ere more obvious.The changes of serum sodium and blood pressure were greater in male patients under age40in comparison with those in females.Supplement of potassium,calcium and protein could postpone the influence of drug on serum calcium and protein but could not reduce the incidence rates.CONCLUSION:The use of hormone should adhere to individualized principle and adopt the minimum dosage with expected therapeutic efficacy to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.