Objective To explore the relationship between the depth of anesthesia and the autocorrelation of spontaneous EEG signals,and to find a new indicator which is easily calculated and involves fewer channels of ECG.Methods Eighteen patients with a surgical operation on chest or abdomen under general anesthesia served as the subjects.EEG signals of the patients were recorded.Change of ? rhythm of the EEG signal during general anesthesia was investigated by autocorrelation.Results The changes of autocorrelation indicator in channels Fp1-Cz and Fp2-Cz were obvious and consistent with the process of anesthesia;The changes of autocorrelation kcr in the two observed channels were almost synchronous.Conclusion The autocorrelation indicator kcr may be a new idea and a new tool for monitoring depth of anesthesia with fewer channels and the method will find wide prospect of application in clinic and in related scientific research work.

Objective To investigate the status of central nervous system(CNS)during general anesthesia using a new method of monitor.Methods Eighteen patients during general anesthesia were randomly chosen as the subjects.EEG signals of the patients were recorded as the subject was undergoing a surgical operation.Status of CNS of the patients during general anesthesia was monitored through the changes of Kolmogorov entropy(KE)of the EEG signals.Results Under the same kind of anesthesia measures,though most patients' CNS presented roughly the same status,but important differences were found in individual cases.Some presented depressed CNS status,some presented excited CNS status and others presented epileptic status.Conclusion The same general anesthesia may have different effects on different subjects.KE can reflect the status of the prefrontal cortex during general anesthesia.KE may be a new tool for monitoring the status of CNS during general anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the effect of the secondary transurethral resection in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods 186 cases with NMIBC were randomly divided into control and experimental groups,both groups were treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),and experimental group received the secondary TURBT after 4 weeks of the first TURBT.The recurrences of two groups were compared.Results The recurrence rate was significantly lower in experimental group than in the control group(13.8％ vs.37.0％,x2 =13.17,P＜0.05).The recurrence number of the original site was significantly less in experimental group than in the control group(x2 =8.35,P＜0.05).Conclusions The secondary TURBT plays a positive role in NMIBC recurrence.

Objective Using Hitachi 7170 external quality assessment return target value to evaluate the accuracy of 10 items after Regression calibration of the Vistros 350 dry-type Biochemical Analyzer.Methods The same quality control samples were separately tested on two instruments,and results were reported to the clinical National Center for Clinical Laborato-ries.Substituted the external quality assessment return target value result from the National Center for Clinical Laboratories by using Vitros350 into regression calibration equation,then the getting data were compared with the external quality assess-ment return target value obtained from Hitachi 7170,and the deviation analysis was processed.The total error range from the America Clinical Laboratory Amended Bill was used as the standard.For the results within the reference range,error less than 1/2CLIA’88 total error,taken as the comparable judging standard,as it satisfied the requirement.For the results out off the reference range,error less than CLIA’88 total error,those still satisfied the requirement.For those items not meet the requirements,it must to do the regression calibration for Vitros350,using Hitachi 7170 as the standard instrument.Results The deviations of 7 items were all less than 1/2CLIA’88 allowed total error,with LDH was 0.16~-9.89,CK 2.92~6.25, ALT -4.64~-8.07,TBIL 0.08~2.67,TP -0.37~4.41,ALB 2.74~4.77 and URIC 1.04~3.0 respectively,and did not need re-calibration.For GLU and CREA,only one out of the reference range sample,the error range was >1/2CLIA’ 88,but

Objective To understand the current development situation and the existing problems and deficiencies of the exercise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation development in Level 2 and above the general hospitals in Chongqing, and to analyze and find out the factors restricting the development of cardiopul-monary rehabilitation in Chongqing, and put forward suggestions for reform and development. Methods Through literature research, field visits and questionnaire survey, the condition of 115 Level Two compre-hensive hospital's rehabilitation and exercise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation development in Chongqing was understood. Among them, 500 questionnaires were sent to 6 hospitals concerned with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation service, and 483 questionnaires were received with 351 valid questionnaires. Epidata3.1 and SPSS 13.0 statistical software were used to gather research data. Results The settings rate of 115 secondary general hospital rehabilitation was 41.7％, while only 6 hospitals carried out cardiac rehabilitation and cardio pulmonary rehabilitation. There were few rehabilitation beds, the basic staffing was inadequate and the medical staff ratio was only 2 to 2.6. Besides, there is a severe shortage of full-time health instructors.Conclusion The clinical sports cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in Chongqing is as following: The construc-tion of hospital related policies is lagging behind, the overall development of rehabilitation therapy is unbal-anced, the development is late and the level of operation is low. While the lack of professional health movement means that instructors and medical staff have cognitive impairment, residents have low accep-tance of sports rehabilitation therapy and there are insufficient pathogens, which are the main factors that restrict the development of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.

Mean Kolmogorov entropy within one second is introduced and is used to analyze and localize the cortical lateralization based on spontaneous EEG and nonlinear dynamics. The results of analysis indicate: The conclusion drawn form the use of this method is almost consistent with that from other methods, but this method is more sensitive to cortical lateralization; this method can identify the differences of cortical lateralization between different brain areas. To analyze and localize cortical lateralization, mean Kolmogorov entropy based on spontaneous EEG is a good method.
Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Functional Laterality ; physiology ; Humans ; Mental Processes ; physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Rotation ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To evaluate the changes of cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics in the patients with mono-carotid artery stenosis after stenting with the technique of DSA parametric imaging. Methods 15 patients with mono-carotid artery stenosis(the stenosis>75%) undergone carotid stenting were choosed. Digital subtraction imagines of diplo-carotid arteries were acquired before and after operation, then the imagines were processed by special soft ware in personal computer. The region of interest (ROI)were selected in the brain,internal carotid artery and superior sagittal sinus separately, the time-gray scale curves of the ROIs were drawn with the soft ware, from which,then acquired the following parameters from the time-gray scale curves,the largest gray values of brain in disordered side pre-and post-operation, and the parameters including peak value (PV), mean transit time (MTT) ,time to peak (TP), time of appearance to the peak , the max slope rate of the curve and relative time of cerebral circulation were also evalua-ted, respectively. The imaging speed was 7.5 pictures per second. The results were statistically evaluated by using matched-t test. Results Before the stenting, the values of the parameters peak value, the max slope rate of the curve,TP,MTT,relative time of cer-ebral circulation were 108.20±5.58 , 1.23±0.37 , (4.78±0.24)s , (8.20±0.42)s and(4.92±1.03)s , respectively; after the stenting , the values of the parameters above-mentioned were 114.20±7.58, 2.01±0.36, (4.14±0.40)s, (3.55±0.56)sand(4.18±0.89) s , respectively, the difference of the parame-ters above-mentioned pre-and post-operation were statisti-cally significant (t=5.97 , 8.00 , 0.21 , 10.21 , 10.12 and 4.14,P<0.05). Before and after operation, the values of time of appearance to the peak were (5.39±0.24) s and)(5.37±0.78) s , respectively , there was no statistical significance (t=0.21, P> 0.05). Conclusion DSA parametric imaging can be used to evaluate the changes of cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics before and after arterial stenting.

Objective To investigate the effect of the HtrA serine peptidase 3(HTRA3)gene on choroidal neovascu-larization(CNV)and M2 macrophage polarization.Methods Fasting venous blood was collected from 30 patients with wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD group)and 30 healthy subjects(normal group).The serum HTRA3 messen-ger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)level was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).RF/6A cells were randomly divided into the control group,NC-sh group and HTRA3-sh group.Lentiviral vectors of NC-shRNA and HTRA3-shRNA were transfected into RF/6A cells in the NC-sh group and HTRA3-sh group by Lipo-fectamine2000.HTRA3 transfection was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Then,the RF/6A cells were randomly di-vided into the N group,H group,H+NC-sh group and H+HTRA3-sh group.After cell transfection,RF/6A cells in the N group were cultured in a RPMI 1640 complete medium at a normoxia state,and cells in other groups were cultured in a RP-MI 1640 medium with 200 mmol·L-1 CoCl2 at a hypoxia state.Tubule formation was measured by Matrigel.The C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control group,CNV group,CNV+NC-sh group and CNV+HTRA3-sh group,with 12 mice in each group.Mice in the control group were unmodeled mice,and mice in the other groups were laser-induced CNV model mice.NC-shRNA and HTRA3-shRNA lentiviral vectors with a titer of 1 × 1011 TU·mL-1 were administered to mice in the CNV+NC-sh group and CNV+HTRA3-sh group via intravitreal injection.Mice in the control group and CNV group were in-jected with phosphate buffered saline.After 7 days of treatment,the mice were examined by fundus fluorescein angiogra-phy,and the eyeballs received hematoxylin & eosin staining.The mRNA levels of HTRA3,chitinase-like protein 3(Ym-1),arginase 1(Arg-1),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in RF/6A cells or choroidal tissues were detected by qRT-PCR.The protein expression levels of HTRA3,VEGF and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)p65 in RF/6A cells or choroidal tissues were detected by Western blot.Re-sults Compared with the normal group,serum HTRA3 mRNA level of patients in the wAMD group increased(t=11.804,P＜0.001).Compared with the control group and NC-sh group,the expressions of HTRA3 mRNA and protein in RF/6A cells in the HTRA3-sh group decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the N group,the number of closed lumen and the mRNA and protein expressions of HTRA3 and VEGF in RF/6A cells in the H group increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the H+NC-sh group,the number of closed lumen and the mRNA and protein expressions of HTRA3 and VEGF decreased in RF/6A cells in the H+HTRA3-sh group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the mRNA and protein expression levels of HTRA3 increased,the relative fluorescence intensity of CNV increased,the mRNA levels of Ym-1 and Arg-1 in-creased,the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels decreased,and the NF-κB p65 protein expression level increased in mice of the CNV group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the CNV+NC-sh group,the mRNA and protein expression levels of HTRA3 de-creased,the relative fluorescence intensity of CNV decreased,the mRNA levels of Ym-1 and Arg-1 decreased,the mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 increased,and the NF-κB p65 protein expression level decreased in mice of the CNV+HTRA3-sh group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Down-regulation of HTRA3 can inhibit the formation of CNV and the polarization of M2 macrophages.HTRA3 may be an important potential target for the prevention and treatment of wAMD.