Objective To explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, TNF and TNFR in the gallbladder mucosa which developed from hyperplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma, and to further discuss the relationship between TNF and pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to determine TNF mRNA, TNF protein and TNFR protein expression in hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma of gallbladder. Results ①No one of 20 cases of gallbladder hyperplasia was found to express TNF mRNA, while 4 of 20 (20%) cases of dysplasia and 18 of 20 (90%) cases of carcinoma were found to express TNF mRNA (P

Objective　To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder stone changing to gallbladder carcinoma. Methods　The clinical data of 200 patients with gallbladder stone undergoing operation were retrospective analysed. Results　(1) In the 200 resected gallbladder specimens, gallbladder mucosa hyperplasia was found in 144 specimens(72%), atypical hyperplasia(AHP) in 38(19%), infiltrative cancer in 7(3.5%). All the paracancer mucosa had midder or severe AHP. The incidence of atypical hyperplasia and canceration had increased with patients' age and the history lenth of cyst stone. (2) The content of DNA, the porpotion of euplpoid cells, the AgNOR content in tissues as follows: hyperplasia