Objective To evaluate the influence of the placement of instant hand disinfectant in compliance and qualified rate of hand hygiene of clinicians.Methods Hand hygiene compliance of clinicians in departments of gyne-cology,obstetrics,and general surgery were observed after the placement of instant hand disinfectant at the door-way of wards,hand specimens were taken to check hand hygiene effectiveness.Results Before and after placement of instant hand disinfectant at the doorway of wards of above departments,hand hygiene behaviors of 300 person-times were observed.Hand hygiene compliance rate among clinicians in department of gynecology,obstetrics,and general surgery increased from 32.33% to 74.33%,33.67% to 85.67%,and 26.33% to 64.00%,respectively(all P <0.001).Each department selected 98 hand hygiene specimens,the qualified rate was 98.98%,100.00% and 94.90% respectively.Conclusion The placement of instant hand disinfectant at the doorway of each ward can effec-tively improve clinicians’hand hygiene compliance and hand hygiene effectiveness.

Objective To discuss the nursing effect and application value of refinement process of nursing management mode in hospital infection control in the operating room.Methods 620 patients who will carry out surgi-cal treatment were selected as the research subjects.310 cases without detailed process of nursing management were included in the control group,and 310 patients with refinement process of nursing management were selected as obser-vation group.The clinical nursing effects of two groups were recorded.Results Observation group surface 88.94%, medical staff hand 92.54%,disinfectant 95.65%,100.00% sterile items.The control surface 81.38%,80.00% of medical personnel hand,disinfectant 75.93%,90.00% sterile items,the monitoring qualified rate between two groups had statistically significant differences (χ2 =5.021,4.596,7.581,6.725,all P <0.05).The sores of nursing safety, operating room management,form filling,ward nursing in the observation group were (95.37 ±4.66 )points, (94.27 ±5.21 )points,(96.13 ±3.29)points,(95.03 ±4.87)points.Those in control group were (90.12 ± 2.03)points,(89.13 ±2.26)points,(90.03 ±1.88)points,(88.17 ±2.25)points,the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t =18.185,15.935,28.343,22.514,all P <0.05).The scores of nurses and patients communication,nursing procedures,ward environment,care attitude in the observation group were (24.19 ± 0.87)points,(24.03 ±0.64)points,(24.51 ±0.45)points,(24.28 ±0.36)points.Those in the control group were (21.54 ±1.65 )points,(20.88 ±1.72)points,(20.95 ±1.66)points,(21.09 ±0.89)points,the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t =25.013,30.220,36.443,58.502,all P <0.05).Conclusion Refinement process of nursing management mode application helps to control nosocomial infection in operating room of hospital infection control,improve the quality of clinical nursing services,improve the clinical nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Teaching model plays an important role in clinical education. Problem based learning (PBL) model, with an outstanding feature of stimulating the learning enthusiasm of students, was applied by many American colleges. American College of Acupuncture&Oriental Medicine (ACAOM) combined PBL teaching model with traditional lecture based learning (LBL) model, which had achieved good results. In this article, PBL model and its characters were explored via qualitative case analysis, to provide reference for universities and colleges of traditional Chinese medicine on clinical education.

Objective To investigate the acute toxicology and intervention effect of Panacis Majoris Rhizoma on rats with chronic pharyngitis.Methods A single,maximum dose of Panacis Majoris Rhizoma(74.4 g·kg-1)was administered to Kunming mice to evaluate its toxicity,involving the assessment of the survival status of the mice,organ indices,morphological changes in major organs,blood routine,and biochemical indicators.SD rats were randomly divided into the control group,model group,prednisone group(6.25 mg·kg-1),and low-,medium-,and high-dose Panacis Majoris Rhizoma groups(0.58,1.16,and 2.32 g·kg-1).All rats received the corresponding drugs(or normal saline)via intragastric administration once daily for a duration of 30 days.Except the control group,chronic pharyngitis was induced in rats of the other groups by using β-hemolytic streptococcus.Following euthanasia,serum inflammatory levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)were measured.Additionally,pharyngeal tissues were stained with HE and pathological characteristics were observed.Results Toxicological studies have demonstrated that the administration of Panacis Majoris Rhizoma resulted in significant increase in plasma alanine transaminase levels and spleen index of mice,along with corresponding tissue pathological alterations.Nevertheless,no noteworthy pathological changes were observed in other organs,and there were no notable changes in blood routine and plasma biochemical indicators.Pharmacodynamic investigations have revealed that Panacis Maioris Rhizoma effectively reduces the serum levels of inflammatory factors and improves pathological changes in pharyngeal tissues.Conclusion Panacis Maioris Rhizoma alleviated β-hemolytic streptococcus-induced CP by inhibiting inflammatory responses,and may show potential toxicity to the spleen.

OBJECTIVE： To study the protective effect and mechanism of Miao medicine Liangjiang weiyang capsule on gastric ulcer model rats. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into normal group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， positive control group （omeprazole， 0.02 g/kg） and Liangjiang weiyang capsule low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.3， 0.6， 1.2 g/kg）， with 12 rats in each group. All rats were intragastrically administered once a day for consecutive one week. 1 h after last administration， all rats except those in normal group were given the absolute ethanol to induce gastric ulcer model. 1 h after modeling， gastric juice volume， gastric juice pH， pepsin activity， gastric ulcer area and inhibitory rate of gastric ulcer were recorded in each group. Histopathological changes of gastric mucosa in rats of each group were observed by HE staining. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. The expression of nuclear factor-κB pathway related protein （p-NF-κB p65， p-IκBα） in gastric tissue of rats were determined by Western blot. RESULTS： Compared with normal group， gastric juice volume， pepsin activity， gastric ulcer area， TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum， p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα levels in the gastric tissue were significantly increased/rised （P＜0.05）， while gastric juice pH was significantly decreased （P＜0.01）； there were gastric mucosal hyperemia and redness， obvious defect of mucosal epithelial cells， destruction of gland structure and incomplete cell structure. Compared with model group， gastric juice volume， pepsin activity， gastric ulcer area and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced/decreased significantly in positive control group， Liangjiang weiyang capsule medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， while pH value of gastric juice was increased significantly （P＜0.05）； gastric mucosa was normal， gland destruction was alleviated and cell structure was intact. The levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα in gastric tissue were significantly decreased in Liangjiang weiyang capsule high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Liangjiang weiyang capsule play a role to protect gastric ulcer by increasing gastric juice pH， inhibiting pepsin activity， reducing the release of inflammatory factors as TNF-α， IL-6 and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB pathway related protein.

Objective: To identify the function of 91-112 amino acids (aa) fragment, the interaction domain of head and stalk of Newcastle disease virus(NDV) HN glycoprotein, and clarify the role of the fragment in promoting cell specific membrane fusion. Methods: The specific gene sequences were identified by aligning 91-112 amino acids of NDV HN protein with amino acids of MeV H, RSV G, hPIV3 HN protein. The fragment deletion, fragment substitution and intermolecular homologous recombination method were combined to construct the deletion mutant, De(HN), and three chimeras, Ch(MeV), Ch(RSV), Ch(hPIV3). Cationic transfection reagent was used to transfect the plasmids into baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21), in which vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase expression system was expressed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were executed to analyze the cell surface expression level. Cell fusion promotion activity, receptor recognition activity and neuraminidase activity of each mutant were also detected. Results: Cell surface expression efficiency of De(HN) and Ch(MeV), Ch(RSV), Ch(hPIV3) proteins were 9.04%, 82.20%, 70.16%, 75.65% of that of wild-type (wt) HN. Fusion promotion activity of De(HN), Ch(MeV), Ch(RSV), Ch(hPIV3) were 3.83%, 24.76%, 29.42%, 57.84% of that of wt HN. The fusion promotion activity of De(HN) almost disappeared and syncytium couldn’t be found under the microscope. Hemadsorption activity was 13.48%, 36.25%, 34.93%, 65.22%, respectively (P<0.05), which was consistent with the fusion promotion activity of mutant proteins. Neuraminidase activity was 10.81%, 54.42%, 50.13%, 60.35% of that of wt HN, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions The amino acids fragment (91-112) of NDV HN protein plays an important role in promotion fusion. The loss of fusion promotion activity of De(HN) protein was related to the failure of effective cell surface expression of the mutant.