Objective To evaluate the left ventricle geometry shape and left heart regional function in mitral insufficiency (MI) by quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) and the left ventricle systolic and diastolic geometry spbericity index. Methods Thirty normal subjects and 62 MI patients underwent QTVI and color Doppler imaging (CDFI) were enrolled in this study in order to measure the left ven-tricular geometry shape and left ventrieular regional function along LV apical long-axis view. Off-line LV regional velocity images along LV apical long-axis view were synchronously obtained. Peak tissue velocities of LV regional muscular tissue during systole(Vs),systolic acceler-ation(a), early diastole(Ve), LA contraction(Va)were synchronously measured as the index of left ventricular regional systolic and dias-tolic function. The left ventricle geometry shape index were reflected from the systolic and diastolic geometry sphericity index (SIs and Sid) and the left ventrieular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the peak D and peak a (PVd/PVa) of pulmonary veins flowing spectrum reflected the global left ventricular function index. The Vs, Ve, Va, a, PVd/PVd ratio, LVEF, SIs, SId were recorded and their correlation between normal subjects and patients with MI were compared. Result Vs, Ve,Va,a,PVd/ PVa ratio,SIs,SId in patients with MI were significantly re-duced. There was positive relation between Sis and a(r=0.602)and Ve/Va and SId(r=0.635). Conclusion There was negative rela-tion between regional cardiac function and LV spberieity, the higher cardiac function was accompanied with the lower SI.

BACKGROUND:Many studies reported the relationship of the mechanical properties and water content about bone tissue, which is one of organizations containing the lowest water content on human body. Researches on effect of water on biological tribology behavior of bone tissue have been rarely reported and are the experimental study generally. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence and the damage mechanism of water on biological tribology behavior of bone tissue, by comparing multiscale numerical model established with the experiment. METHODS:Dehydration of the bone tissue was studied by nanoindentation test and both reciprocating sliding and impact wear tests. A multi-scale finite element model was constructed under a flat-on-ball configuration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The viscoelasticity and the tribological properties of bone tissue significantly decreased as well as the different wear mechanisms under applied loading after drying. The analytical results indicated that there were high stress condition, which incurred the micro-crack initiation and the appearance of peeling and wear, around the Haversian canal, circumferential lamellas and the interstitial tissues. Meso-scale:dehydration weakened the function of absorption and interruption of stress, which facilitated crack extension in pore. Micro-scale:the high stress gradient of structure of canaliculi and lacunae is an important cause of tissue damage.

Objective To assess the irregular shape of hematoma with math methods,which is one of the risk factors of hematoma enlargement.Methods We reviewed images data of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage treated nonsurgically who underwent initial computed tomography (CT) within 6 hours and repeated CT within 48 hours of onset.The area(s),the circumference(L),the greatest diameter(A)and the transverse diameter(B)of the greatest hemorrhage CT slice was measured.The formula X=L/S waft used to calculate the value.We calculated the area(S1)and the circumference (L1) of the ellipse with A as its long diameter and B as its short diameter.The formula X1=S1/L1 was used to calculate the value. We used formula R=X/X1 to assess the irregular hematoma shape.The relationships between hematoma enlargement and R was analyzed. Results Thirty-one patients(25.8%) showed enlarged hematomas after admission.The larger the value of R,the more irregular the shape of hematoma.When R≥1.3,the shape of the hematoma was significantly irregular.36.0% patients with R≥1.3 had hematoma enlarged.compared with only 18.6% those with R<1.3(χ2=4.62,P=0.032).Conclusions The irregular shape index R Can be used to assess the shape of a hematoma. A particularly high likelihood of hematoma enlargement is observed in patients with an irregularly shape index R≥1.3.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of cortex phellodendri water extract and etha -nol extract on the myocardial injury induced by pituitrin and isoproterenol hydrochloride in rats .Methods:SD rats as the experimental animals were randomly divided into the normal control group , model group , compound Danshen tablets group , phellodendron water ex-tract group and phellodendron ethanol extract group .Pituitrin and isopropyl adrenaline hydrochloride were used to establish the myocar-dial injury model in rats.The serum CK, LDH activity, myocardial tissue SOD activity and MDA content were detected and compared . Results:Compared with those in the normal control group , the serum LDH activity , CK activity and MDA content were significantly in-creased , and the SOD activity in cardiac muscle and myocardial tissue was significantly decreased in the pituitrin -established myocardi-al injury model group (P<0.01).In the isopropyl adrenaline hydrochloride-established myocardial injury model group , the MDA con-tent in myocardial tissue was obviously increased , and the SOD activity in myocardial tissue was decreased obviously (P<0.01).The serum LDH activity, CK activity and MDA content were significantly decreased , and the SOD activity in cardiac muscle and myocardial tissue was increased significantly in all drug-taken groups when compared with those in the pituitrin-established myocardial injury model group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The MDA content in myocardial tissue was significant-ly reduced , and the SOD activity was increased significantly in all drug-taken groups when compared with those in the isopropyl adrena-line hydrochloride-established myocardial injury model group , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Cortex phellodendri extract has certain protective effect on myocardial injury induced by pituitrin and isopropyl adrenaline hydrochloride in rats .

Objective To explore techniques of endoscopic ultrasonography for nasal cavity and its accuracy. Methods Under the guidance of nasal endoscope, ultrasonography of nasal cavity was performed by using a 10 MHz,3. 3 mm section probes. Thirty nasal cavities of 15 normal canine were scanned under general anesthesia. The sink experiment was used to decrease the influence of the ultraphonic artifact and to correct the data error. Results In gray scale ultrasound,most mucous and submucous tissue within nasal cavity were hypoechoic, the septal cartilage was echoless, and the cartilaginous membrane of the septal cartilage showed a consecutive hyperechogenicity line. The average thickness of the nasal septum and the average thickness of the inboard mucous and submuous of the inferior turbinate were (1. 87 0. 33)mm and (2.96 0.36) mm respectively. The rich blood flowing signals were observed by CDFI in soft tissues mentioned above. Pulsed Doppler of the nasal septum showed a venous waveform with the velocity ranging from 3. 1 to 13.8 cm/s and the arterial waveform with the peak systolic velocity of 10 to 54.8 cm/s, resistance index ranged from 0. 31 to 0. 57. Pulsed Doppler of the inferior turbinate showed a venous waveform with the velocity ranging from 4. 0 to 17. 3 cm/s and the arterial waveform with the peak systolic velocity of 7.5 to 79.6 cm/s, resistance index ranged from 0.25 to 0.62. Conclusions With correction factor,nasal endoscopic ultrasonography was accurate in localizing structures with clear images and high resolution. It could be a new imaging modality of diagnosing nasal mucosal and submucosal disorderes.

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of vesical leukoplakia under the cys-toscope imaging system. Methods The characteristics of vesical leukoplakia were observed under the cystoscope imaging system in 556 cases. After anti-infection treatment to these patients, the chan-ges of the characteristic under the cystoseope imaging system were re-observed and compared before and after treatment. SPSS 11.0 software package x2 teat for statistical analysis was used. Results Under the cystoscope imaging system, there were four different imaging manifestations in the 556 pa-tients. These were, from mild to severe, congestive type in 42 cases, spots type in 56 cases, thin macular type in 399 cases and thick macular type in 59 cases. One type could transform to another af-ter anti-infection treatment. When reexamination by the cystoscope, 131 cases got improved, 304 cases had no changes and 121 cases were aggravated. Statistical analysis showed the transformation among the 4 types had significant difference (x2 = 130.92, v=6, P<0.001). From congestive type to spots type, thin macular type and thick macular type, after anti-infection treatment, the ratio of improved cases decreased gradually, however the ratio of aggravated cases and cases without changes increased gradually. Conclusion Vesical leukoplakia could be classified into 4 types initially: congestive type,spots type, thin macular type, thick macular type. The different clinical treatments should be provid-ed.

Objective To explore a rapid,simple and effective therapy for serious pneumothorax which could be used in pre-hospital and in-hospital first-aid.Methods Sixty-seven patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group .Patients in the observation group were treated using laparoscopic trocar for rapidly closed thoracic drainage,and patients in the control group were treated by using the traditional large caliber drainage tube and the intercostal incision method of conventional closed thoracic drainage.The operation time,remaining time of drainage,length of stay,effective rate,and complications,including of postoperative pain,hemorrhage,subcutaneous emphysema and infection were observed in both groups. Results The total effective rate was 94.1%(32/34) in the observation group,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(90.9%,30/33)(x2=1.876,P＞0.05).No significant difference was found on the remaining time of drainage and length of stay between the two groups(remaining time of drainage:[4.56±1.65]d vs.[6.26±3.45]d;length of stay:(6.0±2.6)d vs.(6.7±2.2)d ,t=1.335 and 0.779,respectively,Ps＞0.05).The operation time of using laparoscopic trocar was significantly lower than that of the control group((5.00±1.28)min vs.(15.00±4.03)min,t=3.031,P＜0.05).The incision length was(0.95±0.11)cm in the observational group,which was significantly lower than that in the control group((2.41±0.52)cm ,t=2.585,P＜0.05).Postoperative pain occurred in 14.7%(5/34) of patients in the observational group,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(87.9%(29/33))(t=2.983,P＜0.05).In the observational group no hemorrhage and infection occurred,whereas in the control group the hemorrhage and infection rate was 36%(12/33) and 33%(11/33),respectively(x2=5.880 and 3.687,respectively,Ps＜0.05). Conclusion The use of laparoscopic trocar for rapidly closed thoracic drainage in the treatment of serious pneu-mothorax is simple,easy,convenient,effective and reliable,with few complications.This therapy is suitable for using in pre-hospital and in-hospital first-aid.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique in treatment of Tile type C pelvic fracture and evaluate its therapeutic effects.MethodsFrom January 2008 to March 2010, 12 patients with closed Tile type C pelvic fractures were treated with Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique.There were seven males and five females, at age range of 21-60 years (average 39.6 years).All patients had sacrum fractures of the posterior pelvic rings.The anterior pelvic ring fractures included unilateral ischiadic ramus fractures in four patients and bilateral ischiadic ramus fractures in eight.Three patients were combined with shock.The anterior pelvic rings were fixed with minimally invasive reconstruction plates and the posterior pelvic rings fixed with minimally invasive technique plus Legacy pedicle screw system.ResultsThe operation lasted for average 90 minutes (range, 80-110 minutes) , with average intraoperative blood loss of 105 ml (range, 80-150 ml).All patients were followed up for average 18 months (range, 6-32 months), which showed that all patients got satisfactory reductions and that the fractures were healed at one stage, with average period of 11.5 weeks (range, 9-13 weeks).There occurred no infections, failures of internal fixations or nerve injuries.According to improved Lindahl standard of pelvic injury function assessment, the result was excellent in 10 patients and good in two, with average score of 78.6 points.Conclusions Under master of the surgical indications, Legacy pedicle screw system plus minimally invasive technique takes advantages of minor trauma, less intraoperative fluoroscopy, short operation time, good curative resuhs and few complications in treatment of Tile type C pelvic fractures by fixation of the posterior pelvic rings and reconstruction of the anterior pelvic rings.

The effect of sucrose polyester (SPE) on cholesterol levels in sera of rats under hypercholesteremic diet and of artificial hypercholesterolemia was observed. The results showed that in experiment Ⅰ when SPE 3 gra/rat/day was administered orally in accompanying with hypercholesteremic diet for 20 days, the elevation of cholesterol levels in sera of rats were obviously less than that of the group without SPE (P

Objective To explore the causes of per-hospitalization high inpatient expenditure of a tertiary hospital in 2015,by analyzing the influencing factors.Methods We retrospectively studied 1 282 inpatient cases who cost more than 100 000 yuan per case at a tertiary hospital in 2015,analyzing statistically major influencing factors of such expenditure in variance analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results The average days of stay of these cases were 27.6 days,and the average medical cost of those cases was 149 153 yuan per person.Costs for medicines and material made up a large proportion of medical costs,respectively accounting for 33.38% and 31.98% of the total.The days of stay,prognosis of the patient,complications as well as hospital infection,surgeries,gender of the patients constituted major factors on inpatient medical expenditure.Conclusions Reducing the average days of stay,guiding reasonable applications of drugs and medical materials,strengthening management on operations and controlling excessive medical services are effective approaches to reducing excessive growth of medical costs.