Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of FK506 and the clinical signifinance of serially monitoring whole blood concentration of FK506 in renal transplant recipients.Methods Seventy patients were divided into FK506 group and CsA group. The initial dose was 0.1～ 0.2?mg/kg every day, 6～8?mg/kg every day, respectively. Whole blood trough concentrations of FK506 and CsA were serially monitored. The clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were also evaluated. Results FK506 had a shorter time to reach contant trough level than CsA, 4 days and 10 days, respectively. The rate of diabetic mellitus in FK506 group ( 20?%) was higher than that ( 7.5?%) in CsA group (P

Objective To investigate the significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching in highly sensitized recipients of renal transplantation. Methods 18 highly sensitized recipients preexisting panel reactive antibody IgG (PRA IgG) and their specificities were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with lambda antigen tray (LAT and LATM). Donors and recipients HLA class I typing was performed using complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) test with special monoclonal tray (SMT) and HLA class II gene typing by micro sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction (Micro PCR SSP). Results PRA IgG positive rate in 18 highly sensitized recipients was between 40%～96% with an average of 56%, patients with 0～1 or 2～3 mismatch (MM) of HLA A,B,DR antigen were 28%(5/18) and 72% (13/18) respectively according to the standard of conventional HLA antigen matching.Whereas cases with 0～1 or 2～3 MM of HLA crossreactive antigen groups (CREGs) were 11 (61%) and 7 (39%) respectively by the rule of CREGs matching and the cases with 0～1 MM increased 33%. Only 4 (22%) cases of posttransplantation developed acute rejection and was reversed by OKT 3 treatment. Conclusions The allocation based on CREGs matching should result in a significantly higher percentage of well matched between donors and recipients. Good HLA matching plays an important role in reducing the incidence of acute rejection and in improving the survival of grafts.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of transplanted renal artery stenosis (TRAS)-induced renal dysfunction and hypertension. Methods Between July 1998 and January 2007, PTA was performed on 16 patients with RTAS. Color Doppler uhrasonography preceded the intra-arterial angiographic investigation,with false-negative results in 18. 75 % of patients. Sixteen cases of TRAS were examined at 1 st week,6th month and 13 years after PTA. Hypertension improvement was defined as mean arterial pressure decrease of at least 15 % from the pre-PTA value. Graft function was evaluated by SCr levels, and the improvement was defined as a 20% change. Results Angioplasty was technically feasible in 100 %.Sixteen patients with RTAS were cured clinically. During the follow-up period, graft function was improved in 81.25 %, 68. 75 %, 62. 5 %, 56. 25 %, 50 % of patients respectively at 1st week, 6th month and 1-3 years after PTA. The blood pressure was decreased in 62. 5%, 75 %, 75 %,56. 25 %, 50 % of patients respectively, but no patient remained hypotensor medication free.Conclusion PTA improved renal dysfunction and hypertension induced by TRAS, and it is a safe and effective treatment for TRAS.

Objective To access the expression of germ P16 in cervical cancer patients , find out the connection between with the expression in germ of P16 and the prognosis of cervical cancer , and discuss whether P16 can role as an indicator to predict the prognosis. Methods The pathological sections of all 74 cases were tested for the presence of P16 germ , using an immunohistochemistry technique. And the results were analyzed to investigate the value of P16 on the prediction of prognosis of cervical cancer. Results Of all 74 cervical cancer cases, there are 63 cases show positive expression of P16, with the positive expression rate of 85% (63/74). The positive expression of gene P16 is associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer (P = 0.041). The cumulative survival rate for two years of the positive expression set is 85.2%, and the negative set 100%, which is statistically significant (P = 0.043). Positiveexpression of P16 is closely related (P < 0.05) with clinical stages LVSI and interstitial infiltrates, but is irrelevant (P > 0.05) with TNM and histological differentiation. Conclusions We suggest that the expression of germ P16 is closely connected prognosis in cervical cancer , and it might be used as one of indicator to predict the prognosis of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP)is a severe and life-threatening complication in renal transplantation patients.It is associated with high mortality,occult onset and rapid progression,so the clinicians who care organ transplant patients need in-depth study and understanding the law of occurrence,development and therapy of the disease to achieve the better outcome.OBJECTIVE: To retrospective analyze the etiopathogenisis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,as well as the prognoses of PCP in renal transplant recipients.METHODS: A total of 36 patients who suffered complication of PCP after renal transplantation in the Organ Transplantation Center,Zhujiang Hospital,were retrospective analyzed.The general information of cases,clinical manifestation,therapeutic regimen,and prognoses were analyzed.The diagnosis and intervention measures were summarized.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 36 patients,22 were male and 14 were female.Three patients died of complicated acute respiratory distress syndrome,the rest were cured with good renal graft functions.Among 36 PCP patients,31 cases were occurred within 6 months,and 5 in 7-18 months.Pneumocystis carinfiwas examined in bronchoalveloar lavage fluid or lung tissues of 15 cases(41.7%),which was not be checked out in the other 21 cases.Most of patients were cured and the transplanted renal function was well after reducing immunosuppressive agent doses,administrating compound sulfamethoxazole and supportive treatment.The findings demonstrated that PCP common occurred with 6 months after renal transplantation,with typical clinical symptom but indiscoverable pathogen.Its early stage diagnosis was based on clinical history,symptom,and image examination.Among organ transplantation cases,PCP is a severe opportunistic infection,but with early diagnosis and proper treatment the prognosis remains good.

Objective Toobservetheindication, safetyandefficacyofanew immunosuppressant Rituximab in kidney transplantation. MethodsFive patients, who were diagnosed as antibody mediated rejection (AMR) from December 2010 to June 2011, were treated with single dose of Rituximab (500 mg) and followed up for 6 months. The clinical data, such as age, gender, onset of illness, induction therapy, maintaining therapy, allograft function, change of PRA, opportunistic infection and other complications were collected and retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Rituximab used in AMR patients. ResultsAfter Rituximab therapy, all the patients had improved renal function measured by sera creatinine level: 4 cases retumed to normal, and 1 keep stable. Series of allograft biopsy demonstrated obviously reduced C4d deposition in nephridial tissue after treatment. One patient developed CMV viremia, another had urinary infection, but no one had lifethreatening infection during the follow-up period. The survival rate of human and allograft was both 100 ％. Conclusion Rituximab has a good efficacy and safety in treatment of AMR after renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Panel reactive antibody (PRA) can mediate hyperacute rejection, and lead to decrease in success rate of transplantation and survival rate of renal graft in highly sensitized recipients compared to non-sensitized recipients.OBJECTIVE: According to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) cross-matching standards to select suitable donors for sensitized recipients and to evaluate the incidence of acute rejection and survival rate of renal allografts.DESIGN: Case observation.SETTING: Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: 136 sensitized recipients with positive PRA underwent renal transplantation in Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 1997 and December 2003 were selected, including 41 males and 95 females, aged (45±9) years. Recipients of first, second, third, and fourth transplant were 115, 18, 2 and 1 case, respectively. The informed consent was obtained from all patients. The protocol was approved by Hospital Ethics Committee. Lambda antigen tray (LAT) and LAT-Mix were purchased from One Lambda, Inc, USA. Special monoclonal tray -Asian HLA class Ⅰ (SMT72R) and Micro SSP Generic HLA Class Ⅱ (DRB/DQB) were also purchased from One Lambda, Inc, USA.METHODS: Pre-operative PRA levels and specificity of recipients were detected by ELISA test with Lambda antigen tray (LAT). Donor and recipient HLA class Ⅰ typing was performed with special tray - Asian HLA class Ⅰ (SMT72R), and HLA class Ⅱ gene typing with Micro SSP Generic HLA Class Ⅱ (DRB/DQB) (Micro-SSP). HLA-matching between donor and recipient was performed according to HLA cross-reactive group (CREG) standards by UNOS and class Ⅱ antigen permissible mismatch. The incidence of acute rejection and survival rate of renal allografts were evaluated within 1, 3 and 5 years.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①PRA levels and specificity of sensitized recipients before and after transplantation; ②HLA-matching between donor and recipient; ③Incidence of acute rejection and survival rate of renal allografts after transplantation.RESULTS: 136 PRA positive sensitized recipients were all included in final analysis. ① There were 104 recipients with anti-HLA class Ⅰ IgG antibody, 76 with anti-HLA class Ⅱ IgG antibody, and 44 with both anti-HLA class Ⅰ and Ⅱ IgG antibodies in 136 recipients. ②The number of cases of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mismatch (MM) was 7, 26, 47, 39 and 17, respectively by the standard of conventional HLA antigen matching; However, the number of the recipients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4MM was 31, 53, 36, 16, and 0, respectively according to the principle of HLA CREG matching. ③By the principle of HLA CREG matching, rates of acute rejection in sensitized recipients with 2MM and 3MM HLA-CREG were significantly higher than those with 0MM (P < 0.05). Renal allograft survival rate in sensitized recipients with 0MM was significantly higher than those with 2MM and 3MM (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①HLA CREG matching can significantly improve the ratio of well-matched. ② Good HLA matching can reduce the incidence of acute rejection in sensitized recipients and increase the survival rate of renal grafts.

Objective To explore the optimized method of venous anastomosis for right donor kidney transplantation in rats.Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as donors and recipients for homologous rat kidney transplantation.Both bilateral kidneys were harvested from the donor rats (n =45).Ninety rats were used as recipients and divided into 4 groups according to randomly digital table:In groups AC (n =15 each),the right donor kidneys were transplanted into the left nephridial pit of recipients,and endto-side,venous bypass and modified end-toend (donor's proximal end of vena cava was anastomosed to recipients renal Vein followed by ligation of its distal end) venous anastomosis was done,respectively; In the control group (n =45),the left donor kidneys were transplanted into the same side of the recipients,and the conventional end-to-end venous anastomosis was used.Then the intra-operative findings,successful operation rate and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.Results The venous anastomosis time in group B was longer than in groups A,C and control group (P＜0.05),which significantly increased warm ischemia time of donor kidneys and operative time of recipients (P＜0.05).The venous anastomosis time,warm ischemia time of donor kidneys and operative time of recipients showed no significant difference between groups A or C and control group (P＞0.05).The successful operation rate in group C (93.3％)was similar to that in control group (86.7％) (P＞0.05),but higher than in group A (53.3％) and group B (53.3％) (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between group A and group C.Conclusion For right donor kidney transplantation,the method of harvesting the right donor kidney with a part of vena cava,and then anastomosing the proximal end to recipients renal vein and ligating the distal end,is highly feasible,efficient and economic.