[Objective]To evaluate curative effect of armor plate and xenogenic bony plate in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.[Method]Five cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia were reviewed from 1998 to 2004,there were 2 men and 3 women,average age was 5.8(ranged,3~10)years.All the patients were treated by armor plate and xenogenic bony plate.[Result]All of the patients were followed up for more than 3 years(from 3 years to 7 years),four cases achieved bony union.Average time of bony union was 5 months.The lower limbs resumed walking ability and bear a heavy burden.[Conclusion]Outcome of 4 patients demonstrates that treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with armor plate and xenogenic bony plate is a reliable treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of surgical management for upper thoracic tuberculosis with neurological deficits using primary bone grafting and internal fixation through right anterior intrapleural approach. Methods In this study, 6 cases of upper thoracic tuberculosis were admitted to our hospital from January 1999 to June 2002, of which 3 cases were male and 3 female. The age ranged from 26 to 48 years, and the period from the onset of the symptom to hospitalization was 12 months to 24 months. Clinical features included thoracic and back pain, kyphosis and neurological deficits. The kyphosis angle ranged from 15 to 30 degrees. One case involved T3 to T5, 4 cases involved T4,5, and 1 case involved T3 to T6. Neurological deficits were evaluated by ASIA score system. The results showed that there were 5 cases in C grade, and 1 case in D grade. MRI showed compression of dura in all cases, and abscess inside the vertebral canal in 2 cases and outer abscess in 4 cases. All were treated with primary debridement, decompression, interbody autografting and internal fixation of "K" shape plate or Ventrofix by right anterior intrapleural approach. The antituberculous treatment and nutritional supplement were also performed routinely during the perioperative period. Results During the follow-up period of an average 21 months, all cases healed without any recurrence and complications such as infection, respiratory failure and so on. The thoracic and back pain disappeared and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) decreased to a normal level. All neurological deficits recovered within 3 months, 4 cases of which recovered at 4 weeks after operation. Spinal fusion occurred after 3 to 8 months after operation, and sixteen degrees of kyphosis correction was achieved. Conclusion It is a safe and effective method to use right anterior intropleural approach, primary autografting and internal fixation in the management of upper thoracic tuberculosis associated with neurological deficits.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of implantation of homologous cancellous and autologous red marrow under endoscope in the treatment of traumatic bone nonunion or bone defect.MethodsTotally 25 patients with traumatic bone nonunion or bone defect were enrolled in this study.The lesion involved the tibia bone in 9 cases,the femur in 13,and the humerus in 3.The grafts were sized 1 to 6 cm in length(mean,2.7 cm).Before the implantation of the cancellous bones,the scar fibrous tissues within the nonunion were removed completely by endoscopy,and then autologous red marrow obtained from the iliac crest was injected.ResultsAll the patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months(mean,25 months).The surgical wounds healed primarily in all of the cases without injuries to the blood vessels and nerves.Bony union was achieved within 4 to 9 months(mean,5.1 months) in 23 of the patients,the other 2 failed because of breaking and loosing of internal fixators.No patient developed re-nonunion and infection.ConclusionsImplantation of homologous cancellous and autologous red marrow under endoscope is effective for traumatic bone nonunion or bone defect with a low rate of complication and high rate of bony union.Since no need to harvest the ilium bone,the method is minimally invasive for the patients.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the newly combined anterior platerod system in treatment of acute thoracolumbar burst fracture combined with neurologic deficit.Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 84 consecutive patients with acute thoracolumbar burst fracture combined with neurologic deficits treated by anterior surgery,bone fusion,and internal fixation with the new plate-rod system.There were 61 males and 23 females with a mean age of 31.4 years (range,19-53 years).Primary pathogenesis was high falls in 67 patients,traffic accidents in 13 patients and others in 4 patients.Fractured segments included T11 in 19 patients,T12 in 22,L1 in 25,and L2 in 18.Visual analogue scale (VAS),spinal canal encroachment,and loss of kyphosis correction were measured for all patients to evaluate radiologic and neurological outcomes.Results Bony union occurred in all patients at the 3-5 months of follow-up.There was no pseudarthrosis or vascular complications related to the fixation device.Percentage of canal encroachment decreased from preoperative 70％ to postoperative 2％.Mean segmental kyphotic angle measured 27.9 ° before operation and 7.4 ° after operation,with a mean correction of 20.5°.All patients demonstrated at least one grade of neurological improvement at final follow-up.Mean VAS was improved significantly from preoperative 7.3 points to postoperative 2.9 points.Conclusion The new anterior plate-rod system is safe and effective in treatment of acute thoracolumbar burst fracture combined with neurologic deficit.

Objective To evaluate our noval rod-screw construct in anterior single-segmental decompression and fixation for the treatment of Denis type B burst fractures.Methods From February 2007 through May 2010,we treated 28 patients with Denis type B burst fracture.They were aged from 18 to 52 years (average,37.4 years).The fractures were located at T1 1 in 3 cases,at T12 in 10,L1 in 12,and L2 in 3.Of them,7 were complicated with unilateral pedicle fracture and 3 with bilateral pedicle fractures.According to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale,the neurological deficits were rated as grade B in 11 cases,as grade C in 9,and grade B in 8.All the patients received anterior single-segmental decompression,titanium mesh and autogenous bone graft,and fixation with our noval rod-screw construct.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS),cobb angle,and spinal canal encroachment.Results The mean follow-up time was 26 months (range,from 17 to 33 months).The average length of surgery was 144 minutes(range,from 90 to 176 min);the mean blood loss was 580 mL (range,from 300 to 1 100 mL).The mean VAS score,cobb angle and spinal canal encroachment were improved from 8.2 ± 1.5,17.4° ± 4.3° and 53％ ± 16％ preoperatively to 2.7 ± 2.4,9.4° ± 5.8° and 4％ ±2％ at the final follow-up,respectively(P ＜ 0.05).None of the patients exhibited neurological deterioration.Conclusion Our noval rod-screw construct is a safe and effective device that can be used in the anterior single-segmental decompression and fixation for the treatment of Denis type B burst fractures.

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.

BACKGROUND: Autologous bone graft was always applied to repair bony cavity defect produced by benign bone tumor.OBJECTIVE: Taking autogenous bone graft for repairing bony cavity defect caused by bone tumor or tumor-like pathological change as control standard, to observe transplantation of deproteined bovine cancellous bone combined with autogenous red marrow in occluding the residual cavity and the density of newly formed bone.DESIGN: A randomized grouping design, controlled observation SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, the 175 Hospital of Chinese PLA PARTICIPANTS:We recruited 175 cases of bony cavity defect who received treatment in the Department of Orthopaedics, the 175 Hospital of Chinese PLA from July 1993 to July 1998. They were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental group and control group. There were 63 cases treated in the experimental group. The average disease-suffering time was (6.2±2.1) months and bone defect was (136±30) mm3. There were 62 cases treated in the control group. The average disease-suffering time was (6.1±2.3)months, and bone defect was (133±37) mm3.METHODS: Deproteined bovine cancellous bone combined with autogenous red marrow was transplanted in the experimental group and autologous bone graft was applied in the control group. We curetted tumor completely, cauterized the wound with alcohol of 0.95 volume fraction, then curetted the area of cauterization to make it bled. Bone graft was applied.The quantity of implanted bone should be abundant, and disposed compactly. The X-ray films of the first week after operation were used as a standard for density of new bone growth. X-ray films were taken at the 3rd,6th and 8th months postoperatively, and the X-ray films of the eighth months after operation were used as a standard.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To compare the bone union in two groups with a standard of residual cavity occluding and density of bone growth.RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 20 months.One case was lost six months after operation. And two cases were lost eighteen months after operation respectively in the experimental group and control group. After 8 months of operation, residual cavities of bone defect of 44 cases in experimental group and 46 cases in control group were disappeared. Palingenetic bone fused with left bone organization. Its density was the same as or higher than normal bone organization. Residual cavities of 12 cases in experimental group and 10 cases in control group were disappeared basically. The density of palingenetic bone was approximate to normal bone organization. To compare with autologous bone graft, deproteined bovine cancellous bone and an autogenous red marrow had an identical effect for repairing bony cavity defect.CONCLUSION: Bony cavity defect produced by benign bone tumor is often repaired by bone transplantation. To explore the substitutable grafting materials of autogenous bone in this study, a composite material composed of deproteined bovine cancellous bone and an autogenous red marrow (DBCAM) is applied to repair the bony cavity defect.

BACKGROUND: After internal fixation is applied to femoral shaft fracture with medial cortical defect, the fixation device is often bended and broken due to the stress on it. So far, reliable methods have not been found to solve this problem in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical stability of the allograft bone plate after a bony defect of the medial cortex is reconstructed with allograft bone plate.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental study.SETTING: This trial was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, the 175 Hospital of Chinese PLA, and Laboratory of Biomechanics, First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: This trial was conducted in Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, First Military Medical University. MTS858 Biomix biomaterial testing machine was used to simulate model of femoral shaft fracture on 3male adult femurs donated voluntarily by their relatives, aged 23, 24 and 28years old.INTERVENTIONS: The fracture model of medial cortical defect was made in the femurs. Different kinds of fixation were applied and the results were compared between fixated femurs and the normal ones. The fixations included steel plate fixation(fixation for group 1 ), steel plate with allograft bone plate fixation(fixation for group 2), steel plate with allograft bone plate fixation and reduction of the medial cortical fragment(fixation for group 3).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The vertical compression displacement under 500 N load, three-point bending strength under 10 N and anti-torsional angle under 300 N load are all measured.RESULTS: The vertical compression displacement and three-point bending strength of the control group were insignificantly different from those of the fixation group 3 ( P ＞ 0.05), but significantly different from those of the fixation group 1 and 2 ( P ＜ 0.05). The anti-torsional angle of the control group was significantly different from that of the three fixation groups( P ＜ 0. 05) . The result of fixation in fixation group 1 was the worst, better in fixation group 2and the best in fixation group 3.CONCLUSION: When there is a medial cortical defect in the femur, reconstruction with a bone plate can recover the integrity of the femoral medial cortex, and the successful rate of the plate internal fixation is increased.