The morbidity of shock in conventional combat is about 10%-15%. It is estimated that during the high-tech combat in the future it will be up to 25%-30%. Data from many sources showed that approximately 50% of combatants who died were as a result of hemorrhage. So it is very important to implement early management for war wound (or traumatic )shock. Based on the profound research and understanding of the pathogenesis of shock, the metabolism of tissue fluid and oxygen in recently years, government and military departments in many countries have made many beneficial explorations in resuscitation time,resuscitation approaches and principles, resuscitation endpoints and criteria, and the choice of fluids for war wound (or traumatic)shock, some new concepts and viewpoints have been raised.

AIM: To observe the regulatory effects of Rho-kinase,PKC and PKG on calcium sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle in hemorrhagic shock in rats.METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery(SMA) from hemorrhagic shock model of rat was adopted to assay the calcium sensitivity via observing the contraction initiated by Ca~(2+) under depolarizing conditions(120 mmol/L K~+) with isolated organ perfusion system.Rho-kinase agonist Ang-Ⅱ and inhibitor fasudil,PKC agonist PMA and inhibitor staurosporine,PKG agonist 8Br-cGMP and inhibitor KT-5823 were used as tool agents to study the regulatory effect of Rho-kinase,PKC and PKG on the calcium sensitivity of SMA following shock.RESULTS: Ang-Ⅱ,PMA and KT-5823 improved the calcium sensitivity of SMA and made the cumulative dose-response curve of SMA to Ca~(2+) shift to the left,their Emax of Ca~(2+)(at 3?10~(-2) mol/L) was 0.630 g/mg,0.595 g/mg and 0.624 g/mg,respectively,which were all higher than that in shock control(0.377 g/mg)(P

Objective To study the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?) on endotheliumdependent and-independent vascular relaxation reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats.Methods Two hundred and eight SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,shock control group and oligomycin group.Shock control and oligomycin groups were further divided into 0,0.5,1,2,3,and 4 h groups after hemorrhagic shock.Superior mesenteric artery(SMA) was used to compare the changes in vascular response to sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and acetylcholine(Ach) with or without administration of oligomycin,a kind of specific HIF-1? blocking agent,and to determine the expression of HIF-1? mRNA by RT-PCR.Results The vascular reactivity of SMA to SNP in each shock group was significantly decreased at lower concentrations(10-9,10-8 and 10-7mol/L) of SNP and oligomycin further depressed the response of SMA to SNP.The response of SMA to Ach in shock groups was transiently decreased after shock,and then began to increase during the compensatory period of shock,reached its peak at 2 h after shock,and then decreased again.The response of SMA to Ach decreased significantly in early hemorrhagic shock(0 to 1 h,P

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of hypertonic sodium acetate dextran (HAD) in combination with dopamine (DA) on hemorrhagic shock complicated by pulmonary edema in the rats first entering high altitude. Methods Forty-two SD rats, first transported to Lhasa, Tibet (3 760 meters above the sea level), were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, ip). Hemorrhagic shock model with pulmonary edema was induced by hemorrhage (blood pressure at 50 mm Hg) plus intravenous injection of oleic acid (5 _l/100 g) for 1 hour. All the rats were equally divided into 6 groups, ie, normal control (no hemorrhage or oleic acid), hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema (HSPE), HSPE plus lactated Ringer's solution (LR, 4 ml/kg), HAD (4 ml/kg) alone, DA (2 mg/kg) alone and the combined use of HAD and DA groups. After drug administration, the hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), left intraventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the changes of intraventricular pressure (?dp/dt max) were observed at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes respectively, blood gases at the 30th and 120th minutes respectively and the water content of the lung and the brain at the 120th minutes. Results As compared with LR control group, HAD (4 ml/kg) or DA (2 mg/kg) used alone significantly increased MAP, LVSP and ?dp/dt max ( P

Objective　To investigate the role of β-endorphin (β-EP) in conA-induced spleen cell proliferation after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods　①Wistar rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock were used and killed 0, 1, 3, 6,12 and 24 h after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Plasma specimens were collected and β-EP levels in plasma were detected. Rats with sham-operation served as the control. ②Spleen cells isolated from normal rats were cultured in shock plasma (group Ⅰ), inactivated shock plasma (group Ⅱ) and shock plasma+β-EP antiserum (group Ⅲ) respectively. Con A-induced spleen cell proliferation was observed. Results　①The plasma β-EP level was elevated significantly immediately after shock, and reached the peak 1 h later, then showed a deceasing tendency and restored to the level as before shock at 24 h. ②Shock plasma remarkedly suppressed spleen cell response to the mitogen conA (P<0.01) compared with control; ConA-induced spleen cell proliferative function in group Ⅱ was significantly increased than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01), so did in group Ⅲ, which still lower than in control. Conclusion　The significantly elevated β-EP in the plasma after hemorrhagic shock might play an important role in inhibiting the proliferation of spleen cells.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC assay for determining cassiaside B in rabbit plasma .METHODS: The proteinin sample was first denatured with methanol .The ?-- Bondapak C_(18) colurnn(3.9mm?300mm, 10?m) was used with a mobilephase of acetonitrile -- water -- THF -- glacial acetic acid(20:76.5:3.0:0.5) .The flow rate was 1.0ml/ min .Detecting wave-length was 278nm .RESULTS: The caliblation curve of cassiaside B was C=9.102?10~(-2)+4.871?10~(-5)R(r=0.9999) .Theaverage recovery of cassiaside B in plasma was (100.8?1.139)% .The relative standard deviations of intra -- day and inter -- dayassay were less than 2.08% .The detection limit in plasma was 0.05?g/ml .CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive and accu-rate. It is suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of cassiaside B.

AIM: To study the effects of hemorrhagic shock on BK Ca channel tyrosine phosphorylation in rat superior mesenteric artery and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in BK Ca channel tyrosine phosphorylation. METHODS: The hemorrhagic shock model [(35?5) mmHg] was established in rats and the whole lysate of superior mesenteric artery were extracted and analyzed by immune precipition (IP) and immunoblotting. The tyrosine phosphorylation levels of BK Ca channel alpha-subunit in mesenteric artery in hemorrhagic shock rats were investigated, and the modulation of BK Ca channel alpha-subunit tyrosine phosphorylation by NO and its dose-and time-dependended relationships were observed. RESULTS: The tyrosine phosphorylation level of BK Ca channel alpha-subunit in mesenteric artery in rats increased significantly after hemorrhagic shock 2 h and 4 h (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of vacuum suction on shaping sliming and breast anaplasty, to expand indications of vacuum suction, and to improve its result. Methods Based on injection of swelling solution more than routine dosage, vacuum suction was used in totally 825 cases, including local fat deposit in face or other sites of body, macromastia in female, hypermastia in male, lump after breast anaplasty by autograft of fat granule, as well as infection and induration after breast anaplasty by injection of polyacrylamide. Results Satisfactory rate of subjects to vacuum suction was up to 96 %, and clinical efficacy rate of the operation was 100 %. As to sliming cases, there were significant decreases in their measurements of figures or dimensions. In case of the lump from breast shaping by fat granule autograft, as well as the infection and induration caused by injection of polyacrylamide during breast anaplasty, vacuum suction could resolve all of them wonderfully. Conclusions When used properly, vacuum suction may play an excellent role in shaping sliming and breast anaplasty, and it can also resolve those complications brought up in breast shaping by fat granules autograftor and by polyacrylamide injection. Vacuum suction decreases the pain and cicatrisation caused by invasion surgery significantly.

The serine protease HtrA2/Omi is released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space following apoptotic stimuli.Once in the cytosol,HtrA2/Omi has been implicated in promoting cell death in caspase-dependent or caspase-independent pathway.On the other hand,HtrA2/Omi can refold and degrade misfolded proteins in the mitochondria during cell stress.

The incidence of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is increased year by year, and the median onset age is 67 years old. As old patients often have the viscera dysfunction, it is still lack of unified treatment clinically. This article summarizes the latest research progress of elderly patients with AML in the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.