Objective To know the contents and changes situation of trace elements among children aged 0-6 years old in Chengdu are‐a .Methods The BH5100T atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted to detect the levels of trace elements Cu ,Zn ,Ca ,Mg ,Fe in 786 children aged 0-6 years old undergoing the physical examination in our hospital from April 2015 to November 2015 .The detection results were statistically analyzed .Results The deficiency rates of Cu ,Zn ,Ca ,Mg and Fe in Chengdu area were 0 .4% ,5 .0% ,18 .1% ,9 .5% and 8 .3% respectively ,in which the deficiency rates of Ca in children aged <1 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,≥ 4 years old were 47 .4% ,27 .5% ,12 .6% ,9 .9% and 11 .9% respectively ,indicating that the Ca deficiency rate in children < 1 years old was higher .The Ca deficiency rate had statistical differ‐ence among different age groups(P<0 .05) ,and there were no statistically significant differences in the deficiency rates of several trace ele‐ments among different age groups of male and female children .Conclusion The abnormality rate of trace elements among children aged 0-6 years old in Chengdu area is higher ,in which the Ca deficiency rate is highest ,meanwhile the Mg and Fe were lack too .The trace element content in children is closely related with the feeding habit .The 0-6 years old children in this area should pay attention to the supplement of trace elements ,especially supplement of Ca ,meanw hile breastfeeding is advocated .

Objective:To investigate the effect of vitamin E, selenium and quercetin on the expression of zf-9 mRNA of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) during early acute liver injury in rats. Methods:90 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, pathological control, VE 20 mg/(kg bw﹒d) + Se 16 ?g/(kgbw﹒d) supplement, and quercetin 50 mg/(kg bw﹒d) supplement through intragastric way for 15 d respectively. The normal control group was injected with normal saline, the others were given intraperitonal CCl4 once to induce acute liver injury model. The serum levels of MDA, SOD, ALT and AST were determined at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after CCl4 injection respectively. The pronase-collagenase perfusion of liver was used to isolate HSC, and the expression of zf-9 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Results: Serum levels of MDA were lower in VE+Se supplement group and quercetin supplement group than pathological group. Supplementation with VE+Se and quercetin could decrease the level of ALT and AST and down-regulate the expression of zf-9 mRNA. Conclusion:Dietary supplementation of VE,Se and quercetin could effectively down-regulate the expression of zf-9 mRNA in HSC during early acute liver injury in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) on liver fibrosis and antioxidative function in the carbon tetrachloride induced rats. Methods: 48 normal male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (16 rats / group): intervention group, pathological group and control group. The control group was injected with normal saline; the others were given intraperitonally CCl 4 (diluted with an equal volume of olive oil). The rats in the intervention group were fed with chow supplemented with VE (250 mg/kg) and Se(0.2 mg/kg), and the others were given standard chow. All rats were put to death after 8 w injection. Tissue sections were stained with routine HE and Masson trichrome collagen; the markers of liver fibrosis and antioxidative function were detected and the changes of these markers were observed. Results: As compared with rats in pathological group, a lower degree of fiber proliferation occurred in the rats in intervention group. The serum levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and the content of hydroxyproline in the liver tissue were significantly lower; the rats in intervention group had a higher ability of anti oxidation, and the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the liver tissue and serum and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) in erythrocyte were higher, and the MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in tissue and serum levels were significantly lower. Conclusion: The adequate dietary supplement of VE and selenium could elevate the ability of anti oxidation and the proliferative degree of collagenous fibers in liver was significantly reduced.

Objective To discuss the application value of modified Hodge test(MHT) for screening carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.Methods The 24 Enterobacteriaceae reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were detected by MHT.At the same time,polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect carbapenemase genes of KPC,NDM,IMP,SIM and VIM.PCR products were sequenced and the results were compared with the sequences of Gen Bank database.Comprehensive analysis the application value of MHT and PCR to detect carbapenemase.Results Among these 24 strains,13 stains appeared to produce carbapenemase by MHT,5 positive strains were found to carry carbapenemase genes by PCR.By comparing with the sequences of Gen Bank database 1 strain were confirmed to KPC-2 and 4 strains were confirmed to IMP-4.We found that 4 strains of Enterobacteriaceae,detected carbapenemase by MHT and PCR at the same time.9 strains of MHT were positive,but we couldn′t detect the carbapenemase genes.1 strain of MHT was negative,but carbapenemase gene was found in the strain.Conclusion The value of MHT to screen carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is necessary to further study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on expression of MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA in placenta and small intestine of pregnant rats. Method: Eighteen healthy pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,normal control (ZC) and zinc supplement group (ZS). Rats in both groups were fed the same normal diet. Rats in ZC group drank deionized water and those in ZS group drank the water supplemented with 1.26 mmol/L Zn. At gestational 9.5d and 17.5d, serum zinc was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the expression of MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA of placenta and small intestine was examined by RT-PCR. Results: Serum zinc levels at gestational 9.5d and 17.5d were higher in ZS group. Relative expression of both MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA in placenta, MT-1 mRNA at gestational 17.5d and MT-2 mRNA at each time point were higher in ZS group. At gestational 9.5d, there was no difference between two groups in expression of MT-1 mRNA. Conclusion: The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA in placenta and small intestine was up-regulated by dietary zinc supplementation during pregnancy.

Objective:To investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on the expression profile of zinc transporters mRNA in placenta and small intestine of pregnant rats.Method:Eighteen pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into normal control(ZC)and zinc supplement group(ZS).Rats in ZC group drank deionized distilled water while those in ZS group drank water supplemented with zinc of 1.26 mmol/L.Placenta and small intestine were taken at gestational day 9.5 and 17.5,respectively.The expression of ZnT1,2,5 and 6 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR.Results:At gestational D9.5,the expression of placental ZnT1,2 and small intestinal ZnT1,2,6 mRNA was up-regulated,and placental ZnT5 mRNA down-regulated by dietary zinc supplementation.Dietary zinc intake had no effect on the expression of placental ZnT6 and small intestinal ZT5 mRNA.At gestational D17.5,the expression of placental ZnT5 and 6 mRNA was up-regulated by dietary zinc supplementation,and dietary zinc had no effect on the expression of placental and small intestinal ZnT1,2 mRNA.The expression of ZnT5 mRNA at gestational D17.5 in both groups was not detectable.Conclusion:Dietary zinc supplementation during pregnancy has significant effect on the expression profile of ZnT 1,2,5 and 6mRNA in placenta and small intestine of pregnant rats.

Objective To explore the related factors of diarrhea onset in critically ill patients during early enteral nutrition (EEN). Methods Thirty Zhejiang Provincial Emergency Intensive Care Units (EICU) and ICU to implement EEN support for critically ill patients from July 2016 to August were enrolled, and the incidence of diarrhea within 1 week after EEN administration was observed. The patients were divided into a diarrhea group and a non-diarrhea group according to whether diarrhea occurred or not during EEN. The basic status data [sex, age, body mass index (BMI), albumin, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), nutritional risk screening (NRS2002), major disease diagnosis], and EN status (feeding route, infusion method, EN type, amount of EN on days 4 and 7), and clinical treatment (applying following treatments or not: mechanical ventilation and its duration, vasoactive drugs, gastrointestinal motility drugs, probiotics) and clinical outcomes (survival after discharge or not) were collected in two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed on the indexes with statistically significant differences obtained from the univariate analysis to screen out the relevant risk factors of occurrence of diarrhea in critically ill patients during EEN administration. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of each risk factor for occurrence of diarrhea in critically ill patients with EN therapy. Results Of the 510 critically ill patients who underwent EEN, 156 had diarrhea, 70.5% (110/156) had diarrhea within 4 days of EEN, most diarrhea lasts for 3 days and most frequency of diarrhea was 3-4 times a day. The univariate analysis showed that the age of patients in the diarrhea group was significantly higher than that in the non-diarrhea group (years:69.42±17.94 vs. 65.76±17.69), the mechanical ventilation time and ICU hospitalization time were significantly longer than those of non-diarrhea group [mechanical ventilation time (days): 8 (5, 14) vs. 8 (4, 9), ICU hospitalization time (days): 11.5 (8.0, 19.0) vs. 9.0 (6.0, 14.0)], the proportion of probiotics used and the proportion of feeding by nasal tube were significantly higher than those of non-diarrhea group [proportion of probiotics: 26.9% (42/156) vs. 14.4% (51/354), proportion of nasal tube feeding: [26.9% (42/156) vs. 14.4% (51/354)]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of probiotics was a protective factor for diarrhea during EEN in critically ill patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.447, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.273-0.730, P = 0.001]. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of probiotics predicting diarrhea was 0.598 (95%CI = 0.554-0.640), P < 0.001, sensitivity was 35.9%, and because AUC was less than 0.7, the accuracy and sensitivity of predicting diarrhea with probiotics was considered to be relatively poor. Conclusion The incidence of diarrhea is high in EEN in critical illness patients and its occurrence is related to various factors. The addition of probiotics can reduce the incidence of diarrhea.