Objective To observe the clinical features of 575 patients with cardiac diseases from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,and to get a preliminary understanding of the incidence of cardia cancer in high incidence area of Chaoshan cardia lesions.Methods Recorded the clinical data of the patients with pathological changes of gastric cardia diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from 2007 to 2011.Analyzed the distributions of these patients by sex,age and pathological changes.Results There were 575 cases with all kinds of pathological changes of gastric cardia enrolled in this hospital,including 16.34% of chronic inflammation,3.3% of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia,2.26% of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 78.09% of gastric cardia cancer.Most patients were gastric cardia cancer.Trend χ2 test results showed that the numbers of gastric cardia cancer patients increased with age(P =0.000).The prevalence of pathological changes of gastric cardia in males was obviously higher than that in females.In gastric cardia cancer the ratio of male to female was 4.76∶1.Conclusion Most of the patients with gastric cardia pathological changes admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College are middle -aged and elderly men,and gastric cardia cancer is common with a higher frequency in males than that in females.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of gastric cardia cancer with neuroendo-crine cell differentiation(NED).Methods From September 2007 to October 2014,the clinicopathological features of 70 gastric cardia cancer patients with NED and 76 cases without NED confirmed by surgical pathology specimens and immunohistochemistry (Syn and CgA)in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were ret-rospectively analyzed and compared.Results The positive expression rates of synaptophysin(Syn)and chromogranin A(CgA)were 43.2% and 22.6%,respectively.Tumor differentiation was significantly related with NED (χ2 =4.989,P =0.026).Tumors with NED were larger and had deeper invasion,but they were not statistically significant. Conclusion Immunohistochemistry is important to the diagnosis of NED.Gastric cardia cancer with NED has poorer differentiation.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is suppression of the startle reflex when an intense startling stimulus is preceded by a weaker sensory stimulus (the prepulse). It is an operational measurement of sensorimotor gating mechanism to help human adapt to complex environment. This weak prepulse protect central cognitive processing by damping the effect of intense stimuli. Autistics cannot select out behaviorally important information from a lot of irrelevant resources and reflect abnormal gating mechanism and attentional abnormalities. Previous studies have not made agreement on whether autistic patients demonstrated deficits in PPI, because the results depend on age, sex, severity of the disease as well as the experimental parameters used. Moreover, these studies have not covered whether autistics have suffered deficits in higher-order processing. In this review, the "top-down" modulation of selective attention and subjective emotion are introduced into the PPI experiment. We also introduce fear conditioning and perceived spatial separation paradigm to further explore the interaction between autistic cognitive process and gating mechanism.
Attention ; Autistic Disorder ; Fear ; Humans ; Prepulse Inhibition ; Reflex, Startle