Objective:To optimize the influencing factors in Maillard reaction products ( MRPs) between valine and glucose/fruc-tose. Methods:The heating time, heating temperature, initial pH value and the molar ratio of amino to carbonyl as the evaluation fac-tors,and the activity of MRPs during the processing of Polygonati Rhizoma on DPPH radical scavenging as the evaluation index,the in-fluencing factors were optimized by L9 (34 ) orthogonal design. Results:The optimal reaction conditions for valine and glucose were as follows:the heating time was 24 h, the heating temperature was 110℃, the initial pH value was 7 and the molar ratio was 1∶3. The optimal reaction conditions for valine and fructose were as follows:the heating time was 8 h, the heating temperature was 120℃, the initial pH value was 9 and the molar ratio was 1∶2. Conclusion:The study provides theoretical basis for the further study on the pro-cessing of Polygonati Rhizoma.

Objective:To detect the related substances in norfloxacin glutamate and sodium chloride injections on the basis of nor-floxacin related substances analysis method described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition to establish a more scientific and feasible method. Methods:HPLC was performed under the following conditions:a Diamonsil C18(2)(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm) column, mo-bile phase A of 0. 025 mol·L-1 phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(87∶13), phase B of acetonitrile, with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength of 278nm and 262nm, the injection volume of 20 μl, and the column temperature of 25℃. Results:Under the HPLC conditions, the samples had good stability and separation. An excellent linear relationship was achieved within the range of 0. 032-3. 179μg·ml-1(r=1. 000 0),the detection limit of impurity A was 0. 159 ng,and the average recovery was 98. 3% with RSD of 0. 64%(n=9). Conclusion:Compared with the existing methods, the gradient elution method is accurate, sen-sitive, specific and reproducible, and can be used in the determination of related substances in norfloxacin glutamate and sodium chlo-ride injections.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of laryngofissure without tracheotomy.Method:One hundred and sixteen cases of laryngofissure without tracheotomy in our department were analyzed retrospectively.Result:Of 116 cases, 101 cases had the laryngeal carcinoma; 9 cases had laryngeal stenosis; 6 cases had benign tumor of larynx. All the incisions were healed by first intention; and postoperative duration of hospital stay were 7 to 20 days. Three cases recurred in 101 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (2.97%), and underwent reoperation,the 5 year survival rate was 100%. One case recurred in 9 cases of laryngeal stenosis, and underwent reoperarion of laryngoplasty with T-tube implanted. No recurrence in 6 cases of benign tumor of larynx.Conclusion:Laryngofissure without tracheotomy have the advantage of less trauma , fast rehabilitation and no destroying the normal respiratory functions. It is completely feasible so long as surgeons grasp the adaption of operation strictly and select suitable cases.

Standards provide technical basis for the development of health food, which are the technical cornerstone for health food to base on and the technical methods for the promotion of quality improvement of health food.Under the new situation of the Thirteenth Five-year period, a more systematic, safer and more effective inspection standard system for health food is urgently needed to establish, which can fully satisfy the growing needs of health food products and meet the requests of industry development at high level.Based on the current standards of health food, this paper stated the present development situation of inspection standard system of health food, and studied and summarized the main problems in the standard source, classification and existing standard system.On this basis, the author put forward some exploratory suggestions to improve the standard system of health food.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of laryngofissure without tracheotomy. METHOD: One hundred and sixteen cases of laryngofissure without tracheotomy in our department were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Of 116 cases, 101 cases had the laryngeal carcinoma; 9 cases had laryngeal stenosis; 6 cases had benign tumor of larynx. All the incisions were healed by first intention; and postoperative duration of hospital stay were 7 to 20 days. Three cases recurred in 101 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (2.97%), and underwent reoperation,the 5 year survival rate was 100%. One case recurred in 9 cases of laryngeal stenosis, and underwent reoperation of laryngoplasty with T-tube implanted. No recurrence in 6 cases of benign tumor of larynx. CONCLUSION Laryngofissure with out tracheotomy have the advantage of less trauma, fast rehabilitation and no destroying the normal respiratory functions. It is completely feasible so long as surgeons grasp the adaption of operation strictly and select suitable cases.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngoplasty ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore and compare the effect of clinical characters on quality of life (QOL) of laryngeal carcinoma postoperative patients. METHOD: We performed a retrospective cohort follow up study of 303 patients who underwent operation for laryngeal carcinoma. The Chinese version of the general and the head and neck specific quality of life questionnaires of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&H35) were used to measure the quality of life of those patients in the cohort, to study the relationship between QOL and clinical factors. RESULT: In the 303 cases, there were 78 cases retaining the permanent tracheostomies (59 total laryngectomy and 19 partial laryngectomy); 4 patient retain the nasal feed pipe. Female patients were worse than male patients in the domain of physical function and global QOL (P<0.05). Older patients were worse than younger patients in the domain of physical function and speech (P<0.05). Patients with glottic tumors experience better global QOL than their peers with under glottic or supraglottic tumors. The patients with supraglottic tumor have more problem with swallowings (P<0.05). Earlier stage patients have better suitation in many domains than later stage patients, but III stage have more difficulty with swallowing than IV stage. Patients who accepted minimally invasive operation and laryngofissure have better QOL than those accepted partial laryngectomy or total laryngectomy; total laryngectomee have more problems with physical, emotion function, global QOL, sense, speech, cough and morbid feeling than patients with partial laryngectomy, but less problem with fatigue, pain, dyspnea, swollowing and dry mouth; Patients with partial horizontal laryngectomy have more difficulty with swallowing. In the multivariable analysis, the operation mode was an independent factor to speech problem. Patients who accepted neck dissction have more negative outcomes than patients without neck dissection. In the univariable analysis, the permanent tracheostomy was a notable factor which affected many domains in the quality of life; multivariable analysis showed that permanent tracheostomy was an important factor which worked on global quality of life. CONCLUSION The quality of life was affected by many clinical factors. The operation mode was an independent factor which affect speech problem. Decannulation after partial laryngectomy was very important to keep the quality of life.
Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; psychology ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; psychology ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of injection n-Butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in treating laryngopharynx hemangioma. METHOD: Thirty cases of laryngopharynx hemangioma who received NBCA injection were obtained from our department 1998-2007. Twenty-five cases had tracheotomy under General anesthesia, and NBCA was injected into hemangioma by direct laryngoscopy. NBCA was mixed with iodide, and the concentration was 25.00% to 33.33%, NBCA dosage was 0.5 ml to 2.0 ml. There were 5 cases whose hemangioma confined to oropharynx didn't have tracheotomy, and they were injected straightly with the speculum oris. We observed the shedding of hemangioma in different time. RESULT: Hemangioma with diameter less than 1 cm, shedded in about 1 month. However, hemangioma with diameter more than 4 cm, shedded in a period more than 3.5 month. No recurrence was observed in the follow up of 3 months to seven years. CONCLUSION Avoiding dissection of neck and repetitious operation, NBCA injection could be a safe, simple and effective therapy for laryngopharynx hemangioma.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemangioma ; therapy ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To analysis the therapeutic procedure on the recurrent congenital fistula or cyst in lateral cervical part. METHOD: Thirty-nine cases with recurrent congenital fistula or cyst in lateral cervical part were enrolled in this study including 12 cases from the first branchial cleft, 6 from the second branchial cleft and 21 from the third branchial cleft. RESULT: All the cases underwent fistula or cyst excision for 2 to 5 times in their whole therapeutic process, not counting the incision and drainage. During 9 months to 17 years follow-up, fistula or cyst in 6 cases relapsed,including 1 fistula from the first branchial cleft,3 fistulae from the second branchial cleft, 1 fistula and 1 cyst from the third branchial cleft, respectively. One case with recurrent fistula from the first branchial cleft was diagnosed temporal verrucous carcinoma six months after the third fistula excision operation and died one year after the forth operation probably due to the intracranial metastasis of temporal bone verrucous carcinoma. In two cases, the fistulae went through the thyroid gland to the piriform fossa and both the fistulae and part of the thyroid glands were resected. In the patients whose inner orificium fistulae were found and ligated effectively,no recurrence occurred during the followed-up period. CONCLUSION The key point to cure the recurrent congenital fistula or cyst in lateral cervical part lies in proper occasion of operation, stain tracing in operation and reasonable program of operation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Branchioma ; congenital ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fistula ; congenital ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To compare the postoperative survival rate of laryngeal carcinoma patient at stage III or IV whom accepted partial laryngectomy and total laryngectomy. METHOD: We performed a retrospective cohort follow-up study of 126 patients of stage III or IV who underwent operation for laryngeal carcinoma in Chinese PLA General Hospital between January, 2005 and December, 2009. Survival rates were calculated by product-limit method. RESULT: There were 80 patients at stage III and 46 patient at stage IV. Sixty five patients underwent partial laryngectomy and 61 patients underwent total laryngectomy. There were 24 patients in whole group died in the 5 years, 15 of them underwent partial and 9 accepted total laryngectomy. The 5-years survival rate of partial and total group were 62.58% and 68.74% respectively. The survival curve of both groups had no significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For laryngeal carcinoma patients at later stage, with suitable operative indication, the partial laryngectomy could achieve an acceptable effect as well as total laryngectomy.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; mortality ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical characteristics of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in head and neck and to discuss its treatment.

METHODSTwenty-seven cases of IMT in head and neck diagnosed at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2004 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 27 patients, 12 males and 15 females, age ranged from 8 to 77 years, with a median 43 years old. Treatment included: 1 with radiotherapy, 22 with surgery, 3 with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, one with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Of the 27 cases, 5 located in the neck, 6 in the nasal and paranasal sinus, 4 in the temporal bone, 3 in the throat, 2 in the parotid gland, 2 in the lower pharynx, 1 in the mandible, 1 in the maxilla, 1 in the masseter muscle, 1 in the amygdala and 1 in the pharynx nasalis.

RESULTSFollowing-up time was 4-85 months, with a median of 26 months. Six cases lost follow-up, 1 case with malignant transformation and died, 16 cases survived with no recurrence, 4 cases relapsed, of whom 2 were alive with tumors and 2 died.

CONCLUSIONSIMT in the head and neck has a tendency to be malignancy, with certain recurrence rate and mortality. Radical excision is still the first choice of treatment for IMT in head and neck.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; pathology ; therapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult