Objective To make a cross-sectional assessment of the morbidity of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to analyze its risk factors,thus providing evidence for its clinical prevention.Methods We enrolled 664 inpatients with T2DM from June 2012 to June 2013 and collected clinical data,including age,gender,duration of diabetes,body mass index,smoking,fasting & postprandial blood glucose levels,glycosylated hemoglobin,serum lipids,renal function,fibrinogen,neck ultrasonography,lower extremity vascular ultrasound,ankle brachial index and treatment records.Logistic multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for LEAD.Results A total of 247 cases met the diagnostic criteria for LEAD,with morbidity reaching to 37.2％.The percentages of morbidity in patients with different durations of diabetes were:23.12％ (≤ 5 years),27.95％ [(5 10) years],38.71％ [(1015) years],51.16％ [(15-20) years],62.34％ (≥ 20 years).The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Of the patients in the LEAD group,73.2 ％ were treated with antihypertensive medications and 54.6％ were treated with statins.The goal attainment rates for total cholesterol,lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were 56.3％,39.3％,47.4％ and 61.5％,respectively,in the LEAD group and 45.1％,34.5％,35％,and 49.4％,respectively,in the non-LEAD group.With the exception of the rates for low density lipoprotein cholesterol,the rates between the two groups are statistically significant (P＜0.05).Significant differences in age,BMI,blood pressure,coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,carotid intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,and carotid artery stenosis were also observed between the two groups (P＜0.05 for all parameters).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed that age,history of diabetes,cerebrovascular disease,carotid artery plaque,and carotid artery stenosis were risk factors for LEAD.Conclusions The morbidity of LEAD is 37.2％ in type 2 diabetic patients.Age,history of diabetes,cerebrovascular disease,carotid artery plaque,and carotid artery stenosis are risk factors for LEAD,while traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis,including hypertension,levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,smoking,and non-drug intervention,are risk factors for LEAD in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and indications of the vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of severe diabetic foot gangrene.Methods We randomly recruited 60 cases,who had suffered from diabetic foot gangrene(DFG) at the grade of 3 -5,according to Wagner scale into VSD treatment groups and treated them with VSD methods.At the same time,62 DFG cases who had given routine drainage treatment one year ago were retrospectively analyzed as control group.The observed items included the wound healing time,number of dressing,outcome of treatment ( healing rate),the average days in hospital,total expenses of hospitalization and so on.Results The wound healing time of VSD treatment group and routine treatment group were ( 30.5 ± 6.8 ) days and ( 53.8 ± 5.5 ) days,respectively ( t =2.636,P ＜ 0.01 ).The numbers of dressing were( 15.0 ± 4.7) days and ( 29.5 ± 6.1 ) days,respectively ( t =2.374,P ＜ 0.01 ).The healing rates were 96.7％ (58/60) and 87.1％ (54/62),respectively(P ＜0.01 ).The average period in hospitalization were (20.1 ± 3.5 ) days and ( 36.5 ± 4.6 ) days,respectively ( t =2.564,P ＜ 0.01 ).Total expenses of hospitalization were(20 155.6 ± 153.8) yuan RMB and(41 465.5 ± 146.6) yuan RMB,respectively(t =2.873,P ＜0.01 ).All the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion The VSD method is effective for the treatment of severe diabetic foot gangrene(DFG).It is able to reduce the time of wound healing significantly,increase the healing rate,shorten the hospitalization period and cut the general expenses during hospitalization.It' s an effective method for the treatment of DFG.

Objective To understand the ability and level of emergency rescue at general hospitals in Tianjin city. Methods Such actions as formulating plans and examination forms, establishing assessment indicators and evaluation criteria, and simulation exercises were performed to evaluate the capacity of 28 general hospitals in terms of their organizational structure, emergency response, event reporting, and summary assessment. Results The emergency response assessment system consisted of 4 level-1 indicators, 19 level-2 indicators and 58 level-3 indicators. 28 hospitals were found high in their overall emergency response capacity, but some were found with setbacks. For example, the " organizational structure" scored the highest in 4 first-level indicators, up to 88. 91％ , while " incident report" scored the lowest, down to 67. 99％ . Among level-2 indicators, professional emergency professional procedures and initial reporting scored the lowest. Conclusions In order to further improve the ability of medical institutions to respond to emergency events, the hospitals are recommended to enhance their backup resources for emergency response, their staff′s awareness of first aid knowledge and first aid skills, as well as their timeliness of initial reports and the completeness of progress reports.

Objective To compare the difference of cutpoint and clinical significance of HbA1C for the diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism in two population groups with different ages.Methods According to oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),the cutpoint and clinical significance of HbA1C for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation(IGR)were investigated in the two population groups.Results The mean HbA1C of 1 064 young subjects in an academy and 1 671 aged subjects in a community were 5.31% ±0.41% and 5.79% ±0.71%,respectively.The cutpoints of HbA1C for diagnosis of diabetes were 5.7%(specificity 86.7%,sensitivity 66.7%)and 5.9%(specificity 73.8%,sensitivity 80.1%)in the two population groups,and 5.6% for diagnosis of IGR (specificity 82.8%,sensitivity 55.8%)and 5.7%(specificity 60.9%,sensitivity 64.3%),respectively.87.8%,78.7%,and 38.5% were diagnosed diabetes by current OGTT criteria at HbA1C levels of ≥5.7%,≥5.9%,and≥6.5%,IGR being 61.6%,39.6%,and 4.1%,and normal glucose tolerance being 24.4%,10.0%,and 0.4%.Conclusion The cutpoints of HbA1C for diagnosis of diabetes and IGR are different in populations with different ages and HbA1C levels.As one of diagnostic criteria for diabetes,HbA1C 6.5% with relatively higher specificity and lower sensitivity must be combined with fasting blood glucose,random blood glucose,and OGTT.