Objective To compare of flexible ureteroscope holmium laser lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treating renal stones of ≤2cm.Methods In this retrospective study,we compared 120 patients of renal pelvic stones of ≤2cm size treated with FURS(n=62)or PCNL(n=58).Factors such as operation time,hospitalization time,stone-free rate(SFR),drop in haemoglobin level,and complications were analyzed.Results The stone burden of the FURS group and PCNL group was(1.4±0.2)cm and(1.6±0.3)cm respectively.In FURS group,The operation time was(28±12)min with postoperatlve fever in 3 cases;he hospitalization time was(3.7±1.8)days.The decrease of hemoglobin was(0.18±0.06)g/L.No major complication was recorded.The SFR was 85.5%(53/62)one week postoperatively and 95.2%(59/62)one month postoperatively.In PCNL group,the operation time was (42±15)min with postoperative fever in 2 cases and bleeding in 2 case.The hospitalization time was 6.8±1.5 days.The decrease of hemoglobin was(14.30±3.50)g/L.The SFR was 91.4%(53/58)one week postoperatively and 96.6%(56/58)one month postoperatively.Conclusion For renal stones≤2cm,FURS has the advantages of shortening operation time,reducing blood transfusion requirements,decreasing postoperative complications with a farely SFR compared with PCNL.FURS is a good alternative.

Objective To explore the application value of telepathological consultation in helping grassroots hospitals.Methods 578 cases of intraoperative telepathology consultation were reviewed,and the accuracy and the timely rate of diagnosis were calculated.The systematic distribution,benign and malignant distribution,and the distribution difference in different primary hospitals were analyzed,so as to evaluate the popularization value of the intraoperative telepathology consultation.Results The accuracy rate of 578 cases of intraoperative telepathology consultation was 99.83％.The timely rate of consultation in 30min was 96.02％,and most reports could be diagnosed in 2 to 5 mins.The source of tissues involved in consultation were thyroid,breast,ovary/fallopian tube and lung.In all cases,24.39％ of the malignant tumors were found.Among the diseases of different systems,the proportion of malignant tumors is the highest in breast diseases,followed by lung,thyroid and ovary.Among the four hospitals with most of the consultations,the rate of malignant tumor in Renmin Hospital of Jianli County was the highest,followed by Renmin Hospital of Yingshan County,Renmin Hospital of Xiaochang County,and Fifth Division Hospital of Xinjiang.Conclusion Intraoperative telepathology consultation can provide accurate and timely expert consultation for grassmots hospitals,avoid the "second operations" of the patients,improve the access of medical treatment for people living in relatively remote areas,solve the shortage of pathologists at the grassroots hospitals,and improve the level of doctors' diagnosis and treatment at the grassroots hospitals,which is worth popularizing and applying in Pathology Department of the grassroots hospitals.