Objective To explore the clinical effect of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation combined with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 111 esophageal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemo-radiation combined with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2010 and December 2016 were collected.Among 111 patients,68 with interval time between neoadjuvant chemo-radiation and thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy ＜ 8 weeks were allocated into the ＜ 8 weeks group and 43 with interval time between neoadjuvant chemo-radiation and thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy ≥8 weeks were allocated into the ≥8 weeks group.Patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with TP regimen,and then underwent selective thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy.Observation indicators:(1) neoadjuvant chemo-radiation situations;(2) surgical and postoperative situations;(3) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative survival of patients and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to March 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Comparison of ranked data was done by the nonparametric test.Results (1) Neoadjuvant chemo-radiation situations:all the patients underwent neoadjuvant chemo-radiation,without severe adverse reaction.Number of patients with complete remission based on oncopathology were 34 in the ＜8 weeks group and 15 in the ≥ 8 weeks group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=2.441,P＞0.05).(2) Surgical and postoperative situations:all the patients underwent successful thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy,with negative surgical margins.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,time of postoperative intrathoracic drainagetube removal,time of postoperative neck drainage-tube removal,hoarseness,upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,anastomotic fistula,respiratory complication,pleural effusion and empyema,cardiovascular complication,incision abnormal healing,death within postoperative 30 days and duration of hospital stay were (354±103)minutes,(400± 76)mL,19±4,(11±4)days,(4.9±1.6)days,5,1,12,3,6,5,8,0,(19± 17) days in the ＜ 8 weeks group and (343±92) minutes,(392±51)mL,19±3,(12±6)days,(4.5±1.0)days,2,0,7,5,3,4,3,2,(18± 11) days in the ≥ 8 weeks group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.080,0.569,0.326,1.223,1.286,x2=0.029,0.035,1.114,0.000,0.000,0.246,t=0.315,P＞ 0.05).(3) Follow-up:90 of 111 patients were followed up for 3-82 months,with a median time of 25 months,including 55 in the ＜8 weeks group and 35 in the ≥8 weeks group.During follow-up,death and tumor recurrence were detected in 9,11 patients in the ＜8 weeks group and 6,11 patients in the ≥ 8 weeks group,respectively.Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemo-radiation combined with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic three-incision esophagectomy is safe and effective,and it doesn't increase the perioperative risks based on preoperative 8-week interval time.

Background Retinal hemorrhage in newborns is a common clinical finding,and serious retinal henorrhage resulting in poor prognosis.The factors affecting retinal henorrhage in newborns are unelucidated now.Identifying these factors is helpful for the early prevention and treatment.Objective This study was to explore the underlying maternal,obstetric,and neonatal clinical factors for degree of retinal hemorrhages in healthy full-term newborns.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in the approval of Ethic Committee of Zhongshan City People's Hospital.A total of 1 311 full-term infants,with gestational age more than 37 weeks and Apgar ≥9 scores were included in this study.Infants with severe systemic diseases or any other eye diseases were excluded.Ocular fundus of the infants were examined with Ret Cam Ⅲ within 4 days of birth and were independently identified by 2 eye doctors.The newborns of retinal hemorrhage were divided into grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups based on Egge criteria,and the infants without retinal hemarrhage served as the normal control group.Maternal,obstetric,neonatal parameters and general factors were analyzed and compared among different groups,and the risk factors that affected the newborns retinal hemorrhage were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results Retinal hemorrhage was seen in 28.30％ infants (371/1 311),and 152,116 and 103 infants were identified as grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,with the percentage of 11.59％,8.85％ and 7.86％,respectively.Among the factors that examined in the study,cord around fetal neck was the risk factor of aggravation of degree of retinal hemorrhage in newborns (OR =1.308,95％ CI:1.011-1.693,P =0.041).In the mode of delivery,spontaneous vaginal delivery appeared to be the positive factor of the incidence of retinal hemorrhage (OR=0.134,95％ CI:0.132-0.137,P＜0.001),but cesarean section was not a main risk factor.Conclusions Spontaneous vaginal delivery and cord around fetal neck are the potential risk factors for the aggravation of degree of retinal hemorrhage in full-term infants.Accordingly,infants with these risk factors should be paid more attention to prevent the progression of retinal hemorrhage.

Objective:To develop a two-step method for purification of monoclonal antibody rhTF243 protein from mouse ascites by using hydrophobic charge induction chromatography(HCIC) and affinity chromatography with protein A sepharose CL-4B.Methods:The ascites was first purified by HCIC after centrifugation and filtration.Then the fraction containing the protein of interest was directly purified by affinity chromatography with protein A sepharose CL-4B.Results:The purity of the obtained monoclonal antibody was up to 97% with recovery of 73% and of high activity.Conclusion:The method for purification of monoclonal antibody is developed using HCIC and Protein A affinity chromatography and the obtained antibodies are of high purity and activity.

OBJECTIVE To map a comprehensive metabolic pathway of herbacetin in rats, specifically, to elucidate the biotransformation of herbacetin in vivo and to simultaneously monitor the pharmacokinetic process of both parent drug and its major metabolites. METHODS liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) and ultra-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) were combined in the current study for qualitative and quantitative determinations of herbacetin and its metabolites in bile, urine and feces after both oral and intravenous administration of herbacetin to rats. Enzyme kinetic studies on the intestinal and hepatic metabolism of herbacetin were further conducted to elucidate metabolic profiles of herbacetin in rat tissues and organs. Additionally, plasma concentration profiles of herbacetin and its metabolites in rats were obtained to characterize the overall pharmacokinetic behavior of herbacetin. RESULTS It was found that herbacetin was excreted primarily from rat urine in the form of glucuronide-conjugations. Subsequent in vitro enzyme kinetic studies and in vivo pharmacokinetic investigations suggested an extensive hepatic metabolism of herbacetin and the high exposure of herbacetin- glucuronides in systemic circulation. The clearance, half- life and bioavailability of herbacetin in rats were determined as (16.4±1.92)mL·kg-1·min-1, (11.9±2.7)min, and 1.32%, respectively. On basis of these findings, a comprehensive metabolic pathway of herbacetin in rats was composed. In addition, a physiology based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was successfully developed with the aid of the GastroPlus to simulate the pharmacokinetic process of herbacetin in rats. Application of the PBPK modeling can provide a useful starting point to understand and extrapolate pharmacokinetic parameters among different species, populations, and disease states. CONCLUSION After oral administration, herbacetin was subjected to colonic degradation and extensive first pass metabolism, with glucuronidation as its dominating in vivo metabolic pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the pharmacokinetic process of salidrosidein rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The Caco-2 cell monolayerwas exposed to 1% oxygen (O2) concentration for 24 h to build the hypoxiccell model. The transportation mode of salidroside was investigated with the aid of this hypoxia model by detecting the apparent permeability coefficient(Papp). Healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 9% O2 for 72 h for the construction of hypoxic rat model. Liver sample was subsequently collected from the hypoxic rats with an aim to identify enzymes responsible for salidroside metabolism. The expression levels of sali?droside-transporting and salidroside-metabolizing enzymes, including Sodium-dependent glucose cotrans?porters (SGLT1), β-glucosidase (GBA3)and sulfotransferase (SULT2A1), were thereafter detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The metabolic activity of GBA3 and SULT2A1 was monitored by rat liver microsome incubation.In addition, the renal function of rats under hypoxia was assessed by detecting concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. RESULTS The AUC and t1/2 values of salidroside in hypoxic rats were more than doubled, while the in vivo clearance was significantly reduced. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the PappA- B/PappB- A eualsto 10.3, indicating the potential active transport of salidrosile. The expression of SGLT1 and GBA3 was significantly decreased, which indicated a reduced metabolism of salidroside under hypoxia. Moreover, rat under hypoxia was found to suffer from renal dysfunction, with an abnormal value of blood urea nitrogen. CONCLUSION Due to the reduced metabolism and the abnormal renal function under hypoxia, the systemic exposure of salidroside in rats was signifi?cantly enhanced.

The potential of Rhizobium sp. N613 to produce the exopolysaccharide (REPS) was studied in this paper. Using an orthogonal design in a flask-shaker culture system, the fermentation medium and conditions of synthesizing REPS were optimized. Based on these results, the fermentation kinetic parameters were obtained in the batch fermentation with a 10L fermentor. The REPS yield of 11.31g/L was achieved by metabolic regulation during 40 h fed-batch fermentation. Transplanted tumor models of sarcoma 180 in mice were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect. The result of anti-tumor activities showed that inhibition rate was 53.40%, when dose of REPS was 5mg/kg. These results indicate that REPS has the following properties: the short duration of fermentation, the high yield, the low cost, the effective immunocompetence and thickening. Thus, REPS has the value of development and application.

The potential of a Sinorhizobium fredii strain producing a copolymer polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA)from glucose and sodium decanoate substrates was studied in this paper.Using orthogonal design in a flask-shaker culture system,the culture medium,some culture conditions and vital regulation conditions for polymer synthesis were optimized.These optimized results were applied into further studies in two-stage fed-batch with a 10L fermentor.The whole culture process consisted of two stages,that is,the cell growth and the copolymer production.The first stage was for the cell growing to a desired biomass and the second was for the copolymer synthesis.For producing PHA polymers,the selected 8 mM sodium decanoate was added into the broth by adopting a two-step adding method for avoiding of foaming when the biomass had approached 28.5g/L dry cell.The maximum P(HB-HH)production could be 17.55 g/L with a monomer ratio of 79.4%(W/W)3-HB and 20.6%(W/W)3-HH.The molecule constitute of the copolymer is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)[P(HB-HH)] and its molecular weight(MW)is 1.4?105D.The results demonstrated that the employed S.fredii strain could be a potential candidate for industrial production of the copolymer.The fermentation parameters acquired in the experimental system offered some valuable references for studying large-scale production of the copolymer.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characters of human plague from Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan Province from 1986 to 2006 and to provide references for prevention and control strategy.Methods Data were collected and analyzed on epidemic situation of human plague in the past twenty-one years.Results From 1986 to 2006,the total human plague cases from Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan were 507,accounted for 59.5%(507/866)of the total cases in the whole country.There were three peaks of human plague outbreak in 1990,1996 and 2000.The number of annual cases were 73,88 and 122,accounting for 97.3%(73/75),89.8%(88/98),48.0%(122/254)of the total cases in the whole country respectively.The epidemic areas were mainly located in the west,southwest and southeast pans of Yunnan,but the number of cases changed with year in different prefectures(or cities).Seasonal pattern analyses revealed that the epidemic could occur in whole year,with a peak period through July to November,especially September.There were different prevalence of plague cases in age and professions,which related to the chance of contact with infected animals and infectious fleas.All human plague cases were primary bubonic plague.Conclusions The results suggested that there were clear epidemic characteristics for human plague for Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan.In order to control human plague effectively,it was necessary to reinforce surveillance and warning system to diminish the outbreak of human plague.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of multiple stents placement in the management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,especially in the complex cases of which the hepatic ducts are invaded.Methods Forty-five consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were treated with percutaneous transhepatic placement of two or three self-expandable metallic endoprostheses.The cause of hilar obstructions in these patients were all cholangiocarcinoma,including Bismuth classification type Ⅱ(n 12 ),Ⅲa(n 17),Ⅲb(n 10),and Ⅳ(n 6).Two or 3 stents were placed in the configuration of T,Y or X over the strictures.Results Stent placement with 2 or 3 endoprostheses was successful in all patients.All patients showed significant decrease in serum bilirubin level.The mortality rate within 30 days of stent placement was 2.2%(1/45).The mean survival and stent patency times were 215.3 d(26— 516 d)and 181.5 d(26—473 d),respectively.Conclusion Deploying of multiple metallic stents is an effective method to treat complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma,especially for the cases of which hepatic ducts are invaded:the henatic ducts should be drained as much as nossible.

Continuously cropping obstacle restricts ginseng production and rational use of land resource severely, and autotoxicity is one of the most important factors. In our previous work, ginseng autotoxin degrading bacteria were isolated, in the present re- search, plate culturing method and traditional physiological and biochemical method were used to analyze biological indices and protective enzyme activities, in order to elucidate the mitigative effect of autotoxin degrading bacteria on autotoxicity of P. ginseng. Results indicated that, except for palmitic acid, autotoxicity of benzonic acid, diisobutyl phthalate, diisobutyl succinate, and 2,2-bis (4- hydroxyphenyl) propane on the growth of ginseng seeds was significantly alleviated after autotoxins degrading bacteria was inoculated, and which have no evident difference with control. Except for benzoic acid, enzyme activity of SOD, POD and CAT in other autotoxin degrading treatments decreased significantly. The present research showed that, microbial degradation could alleviate the autotoxicity of autotoxins on ginseng seeds effectively, and which will be helpful for the resolution of ginseng continuously cropping obstacle problem.
Bacteria ; metabolism ; Panax ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Toxins, Biological ; metabolism