Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer. EGFR-targeted therapeutic agents include extracellular monoclonal antibodies and intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Many new agents such as trastuzumab, cetuximab, panitumumab and lapatinib, have been tested in randomized phase Ⅲ clinical trials. Results from ToGA trial may shed some light on the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

Tumor progression is often associated with immune suppression or the ability of the tumors to avoid immune surveillance.Immunotherapy improves the ability of the immune system to recognize and clear tumor cells with a little influence on the normal tissues.Immunotherapy is a hot spot in the research of advanced esophageal cancer.Innnunotherapy of esophageal cancer includes immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cellular immunotherapy,tumor vaccines and antibody therapy.At present,a large number of clinical trials are underway to evaluate the role of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.Checkpoint inhibitors represented by Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab,has achieved initial success in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer to improve the prognosis and life quality of esophageal cancer patients.In the future,further studies are needed to have a research on the effects of tumor heterogeneity,prediction of therapeutic targets,and immune tolerance.

Objective To study of vascular false as the clinical effect and safety of acromastitis were treated by com -pound anisodine treatment , to provide reference for the treatment of vascular pseudo optic .Methods From June 2013 to June 2015, 132 cases of patients with vascular pseudo optic papilla in our hospital were selected as the observation objects , and were divided into observation group and control group each 66 cases according to the treatment method .The control group was treated with routine drug therapy , and the observation group in the control group on the basis of daily injections of Com -pound Anisodine Hydrobromide Injection .Two groups before and after the treatment of vision changes , and the treatment of safety and efficacy were compared .Results The curative effect:The two groups of patients after treatment were improved , but the observation group was significantly higher than the control group after treatment ;The cure rate and total effective rate of the observation group were 39.51%and 88.89%respectively, which was significantly higher than the control group of 24. 36%and 73.08%, and had better curative effect in observation group .Security aspect:The total incidence of adverse reac-tions in the observation group and the treatment group was 10.61%, significantly less than 24.24% of the control group, higher safety .Conclusion In the treatment of vascular pseudoaneurysms as papillitis drugs , the curative effect of compound anisodine is much better with better security , which can significantly improve the visual acuity of the patients .

Objective:To study the effect of exogenous hyaluronidase on proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods:The proliferation of human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30 were detected by MTT-assay and flow cytometry.Results:The absorbency value(A) of ZR-75-30 in study group treated with Hyase (0.674?0.221) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.563?0.046).The percentage of phase S cells in study group(18.36?0.65) was higher than that in control group(2.19?0.10);the percentage of phase G0/G1 cells in study group(44.49?4.33) was lower than that in control group(62.14?26.97).The absorbency value(A) of MDA-MB-435 in study group (0.674?0.221) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.563?0.046).The absorbency valve(A) of MDA-MB-231 in study group (0.674?0.221) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.563?0.046).Conclusion:Exogenous hyaluronidase may promote the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines in vitro.

Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment methods for esophageal carcinoma. However, radiation resistance is the biggest problem and obstacle for patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Radiosensitivity is the focus and difficulty in the study of tumor radiobiology. A variety of genes and their expression products affect the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma. Consequently, if the genes and biomarkers that determine radiosensitivity can be detected before radiotherapy, it will play a vital role in investigating the mechanism of radiotherapy sensitization, targeted therapy and radiotherapy efficacy prediction to guide individual therapy. In this article, major genes and biomarkers associated with esophageal carcinoma radiosensitivity in recent years were reviewed from different signal transduction pathways.

Objective To investigate the ontogeny of the islet amyloid polypeptide immunoreactive (IAPP IR)cells and 5 hydroxytryptamine(5 HT)immunoreactive cells(EC cells)in human fetal small intestine and the relation between IAPP and 5 HT. Methods The immunohistochemical technique was used. Results IAPP IR cells were only observed in the fetal duodenum.At 16 weeks,single IAPP IR cell occurred in the epithelium of duodenum;From 22 to 27 weeks,the number of IAPP IR cells was gradually increased,which were mainly located in the intestinal glands.EC cells were detected in each section of small intestine,with the growth of fetus,the density of EC cells in small intestine decreased in order of duodenum,jejunum and ileum respectively.At the week of 11,EC cells were found in the epithelium of intestinal villi and undifferentiated glands.The number of EC cells showed a peak from 17 to 21 weeks of gestation.EC cells were dominantly concentrated in the epithelium of root villi and glands.After 22 weeks,EC cells decreased.The co existence of IAPP and 5 HT was not detected in the same cell,as compared with adjacent sections.Conclusion\ The results indicated that IAPP and 5 HT were expressed in endocrine cells of human fetal small intestine.IAPP IR cells and EC cells varied with the development of the human fetus. [

The coming of an aged society in China will surely greatly affect the chief concerns of health care. The Chinese orthopaedists should be prepared for the tasks imposed by the new situation. Once a fracture happens due to osteoporosis in a senile person, a series of problems will follow. This paper discusses the diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis, preoperative assessment of the patient, proper application of internal fixation and combined treatment of fracture and osteoporosis. The critical point is how to improve the therapeutic effects and to reduce the operative risks.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of intramedullary spinal cord tumors(IMSCT) in children.MethodsThe clinical data including sex,age,pathohistology,clinical manifestations and medical check-up collected from 16 children diagnosed as IMSCT in Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University,were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe study subjects inclu-ded 11 male and 5 female,with an average age of(8.55?4.28) years old,ranged from 15 months to 14 years old.The interval lasted 1 day to 9 years from onset of the syndrome to confirmed diagnosis of IMSCT.The first clinical manifestation was mostly pain.The main clinical mani-festations included limb dyskinesia in 14 cases,pain in 12 cases,urine and stool disturbance in 9 cases,gait irregularity in 8 cases,extremity atrophy in 3 cases.Medical check-up included abnormal tendon reflex in 14 cases,abnormal superficial reflex in 9 cases,sphincter dilatation in 6 cases,positive Babinski's signs in 5 cases,spinal deformity in 4 cases,region masses in 3 cases,paraesthesia in 2 cases,inequality of lower limb in 1 case,dermai sinus in 1 case,pigmentation in 1 case.The cases were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging,which presented thickened spinal cord and intramedullary abnormal signals in all the cases.Pathological types: teratoma in 5 cases,dermoid cysts in 2 cases,epidermoid cyst in 2 cases.Misdiagnoses included urinary tract infections in 2 cases,rheumatoid arthritis in 1 case,and lumbar disc protrusion in 1 case.ConclusionsThe main pathohistology of pediatric IMSCT is congenital tumor.First clinical manifestation is pain.MRI can show a reliable evidence for the diagnosis.It is important to improve the outcomes of pediatric IMSCT by establishing the diagnosis and administering proper management as early as possible.

AIM:To investigate the effect and safety of modified small incision cataract surgery in patients with soft core cataract.METHODS: Totally 80 cases (109 eyes) of soft cataract patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 2015 to May 2016 in ophthalmology center of our hospital, using random number table method were divided into improved group (improved manipulation of small incision cataract surgery), traditional group (traditional approach to small incision cataract surgery), 40 cases in each group.Comparison of the two groups of treatment, the incidence of complications were taken.RESULTS: There were no significant differences on uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups before and at 1d, 1wk and 1mo after operations (P>0.05).The uncorrected visual acuity of the two groups improved significantly at 1d, 1wk and 1mo after operations compared with those before operations (P<0.05).There were no significant differences on intraocular pressure(IOP) between the two groups before and at 1d, 1wk and 1mo after operations (P>0.05).The IOP of the two groups increased significantly at 1d, 1wk and 1mo after operations compared with those before operations (P<0.05).The complication rate was 9% (5/54) in the modified group, significantly lower than that in the conventional group 25% (14/55) (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Improved small incision cataract surgery for soft cataract patients was with reliable results, less complications.