Objectives　To investigate the effect of nitric oxide(NO) on hepatic steatosis caused by total parenteral nutrition(TPN) in rats.Methods　Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A,normal control; Group B,TPN group;Group C,TPN plus L-arginine; Group D,TPN plus NG-nitrio-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME，NOS inhibitor); Group E,TPN plus L-arginine and L-NAME.At the seventh day,liver function tests were performed and the livers were resected to test the lipid and nitric oxide content,and nitric oxide synthase activity.Results　The hepatic lipid content 〔triglycerid(μmol/g),cholesterol(μmol/g)〕in group B significantly increased compared with group A （39.3±2.4、13.1±1.1 vs.6.9±0.8、5.6±0.6）(P＜0.05).That was higher in group D（49.7±6.2、14.1±1.7）than in group B(P＜0.05),whereas that was lower in group C（18.2±4.4、7.3±3.1）than in group B(P＜0.05).The activity and distribution of NOS in the liver were associated with the content and distribution of hepatic lipid.Conclusions　NO produced by the liver may protect hepatic steatosis caused by total parenteral nutrition in rats.

Objective To investigate the role of protein O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in glutamine-induced improvement in the vascular hyporeactivity in rats with septic shock.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (S group); septic shock group (C group); glutamine group (G group) ; alloxan group (A group).Septic shock was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).In G and A groups,glutamine 0.75 g/kg was infused intravenously over 30 min at 1 h before CLP,and in addition alloxan 90 mg/kg was infused intraperitoneally in A group.Phenylephrine (PE) 0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 μg/kg was injected intravenously at 20 min intervals at 6 h after CLP and the percentage increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated.The thoracic aorta rings were isolated to perform the isolated vascular tension experiment.The concentration-response curve of PE was obtained in tension experiments,and the PE maximum efficacy (Emas) and median effective dose ( EC50 ) were calculated.The expression of O-GlcNAc modification and iNOS content in the thoracic aorta were detected in all groups.Blood samples were taken to determine the serum concentration of NO.Results Compared with S group,the percentage increase in MAP and Emax were significantly decreased,while the EC50,serum concentration of NO,and expression of O-GlcNAc modification and iNOS content in thoracic aorta were significantly increased in C,G and A groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with C group,the expression of O-GlcNAc modification in the thoracic aorta was significantly increased,and EC50 was significantly decreased in G group,and the percentage increase in MAP and Emax were significantly increased,while the serum concentration of NO,and content of iNOS in the thoracic aorta were significantly decreased in G and A groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with G group,the EC50,serum concentration of NO,and content of iNOS in the thoracic aorta were significantly increased,while the percentage increase in MAP,Emax and expression of O-GlcNAc modification in the thoracic aorta were significantly decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Glutamine improves the vascular hyporeactivity through increasing the level of protein O-GlcNAc modification in rats with septic shock.

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Conventional CT plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, radiotherapy target delineation, and prognosis of NSCLC, but it still has many limitations.PET/CT has been widely used in the diagnosis and treamtent of lung cancer.In particular, PET/CT metabolic parameters have great guiding significance in the prognosis of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy, and may be superior to many clinical indices.This review summarizes the advances in the application of PET/CT in the prognostic evaluation of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy.

The standard ofClassificationandDetermination of Physical Constitutions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which was issued by the China Association of TCM in 2009, has been promoted and implemented. However, we found that the criteria were inconsistent with the principles and methods of constitution classification in TCM after serious research. The features for physical constitution classification were repetitive and redundant without clear boundaries among them. Furthermore, there were poor correlations among different factors within a single physical constitution. Accordingly, it was suggested that the theory of physical constitutions in TCM should not be confused with and treated as the science of it. Because the standard ofClassiifcationandDetermination of Physical Constitutions in TCM is not mature enough, we should be cautious when applying it.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive system neoplasms in China. Recently, the morbidity and mortality rates of CRC continue to increase with the improvement of people's living standard and the change of the dietary structure. It was accepted that the etiology of colorectal cancer is a multi-factor and multi-step process. However, the mechanism of CRC is still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of -21 nucleotide non-coding RNAs and function as a negative regulator of gene expression after transcription, participating in tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and invasion. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), as an important oncogenic RNA, plays a vital role in the development and progression of CRC. This review summarizes the advances in research on miR-21 in colorectal cancer.

Objective:To approach the potential rules ofsyndrome differentiation and medication for diabetes by ancient medical scholars.Methods:By DBMS(Data Base Management System) ofPuji Fang, the information about diabetes and its correlated disease was collected, such as kinds ofthe drugs, application times ofdrugs and the number ofprescription.The qualitative analysis and quantitive analysis were used to ascertain the optimal and common used drugs and pairs ofdrugs for diabetes, and to deduce the potential indication ofdiabetes in ancient times.Results:The most optimal drugs used for diabetes in ancient times were DwarfLilyturfTuber, trichosanthis, Ginseng and Indian Bread.The common used pairs ofdrugs were DwarfLilyturfTuber and trichosanthis, DwarfLilyturfTuber and Ginseng, trichosanthis and Golden Thread, Ginseng and Indian Bread.So we can deduce that the potential indications ofdiabetes were impairment ofbody fluid by dry and heat, and deficiency ofboth qi and yin.Conclusion:By integrated logic analysis and statistical analysis, we can reveal the ancient treatment rule ofthe disease and it provided reference for clinic today.

There was severe logical contradiction among the basic concepts in Chinese medicine such as syndrome, symptoms and signs, etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis .In this paper, from the comparative reseaech of the different versions of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used in higher colleges and universities of TCM in recent 50 years,higher Colleges of Chinese medicine materials, it cleared up the evolution of the basic connotation of syndrome, symptoms and signs, pathogens and pathogenesis, and revealed fundamental reason for the occurance of logical contradiction.

Pathogenesis theory occupies an important position in TCM theoretical system. Suwen is the pioneer. Enriched by later generations,the traditional pathogenesis has been a significant change. It causes understandable bias to their initial implications and affects modern research. In this paper,based on Suwen's academic background,it discusses the composition,completeness and the basis to confirm Pathogenesis 19,offering some new ideas.

Recent clinical trials suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted agents could benefit many patients with colorectal cancer. This article reviews the clinical efficacy of cetuximab, which is an antibody directed at the EGFR, in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Several articles about EGFR-targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal carcinoma and other solid tumors were reviewed. Cetuximab showed the increase in progression-free survival (3.98 months vs 2.56 months, P