The primary eye care service is still absent in most of primary medical organizations in present China.Since imaging examinations provide main contribution to the diagnosis of eye diseases,ophthalmology and blindness prevention have technical predominance and requiring market in the field of telemedicine or e-healthy.We have explored different paradigms of blindness prevention according to variable levels of the region economy and medical conditions.In the urban community,the paradigm for preventable blindness has been adopted,and however,in the rural areas,the paradigm for curable blindness has been taken.It should be advocated to combine the primary eye care with the primary healthy care.It is in favor of sharing information,enhancing efficiency,improving quality, as well as entire orientation management to carry out digitalized ophthalmology regional cooperative medical service.Moreover,governmental leading function and policy sustaining are needed to complete the reform.

[Objective]To explore the rabbits' lipid peroxidation and cytokine level change caused by endotoxemia,use EPO for intervention.[Method]Bleed rabbits femoral for shock,after coming to,make injection of endotoxin,two beatings make dysfunctional multi-organs model;randomly divide 24 healthy rabbits into control group(1),2-beating group(2),EPO group(3),8 in each;take blood for testing indexes of TNF?,IL6,IL10 and MDA.[Result]Group 2 was higher than other groups on MDA level,group 3 less than group 2;group 2 was much higher than other 2 groups on TNF?,IL6 and IL10,group 3 less than group 2.[Conclusion]The cytokines and lipid peroxidation participating in the course of multi-organ injury caused by blood loss shock and endotoxemia can be reduced by EPO.

Prevention and management of glaucoma is a priority task in the second phase of WHO " Vision 2020" project. In order to popularize the knowledge of glaucoma guideline, the author compiles the protocol of glaucoma guideline summary after referring to those deriving from American Academy of Ophthalmology, European Glaucoma Society, and South East Asia Glaucoma Interest Group. The guideline summary is easy to master and verify, and highlight the crucial points. The ISNT rule of neuroretinal rim is used to differentiate diagnosis between the physiological cup and glaucomatous rim lost. Foster's classification for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is used to select the treatment for PACG. It is emphasized that taking target pressure in the initial diagnosis, monitoring the optic discs and visual field loss in follow-up, and glaucoma screening by non-mydriatic digital fundus camera in the high risk population with screening diabetic retinopathy.

Health Promotion ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment

The changes of the pulmonary ultrastructures of 15 dogs of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)induced with intravenous injections of different doses of oleic acid under different methods of management (nontreated and treated with scopolamine) were observed after the animals were killed 6 hours and 24 hours after injection. The changes were similar on all the specimens except that those of the dogs killed at the earlier interval were less severe. The nontreated dogs and the dogs treated with scopolamine slso showed similar changes, which indicates that scopolamine is useless in treating the RDS produced by oleic acid.Correlating to the accumulation of neutrophils in the capillaries, the authors suggested that the injury induced by oleic acid to the capillary endothelium, besides the chemical toxic action of the drug, was also due to the complement and the toxic oxygen radicals produced by neutrophils.It was found that the hyaline membrane consisted of plasma protein granules in some cases and fibrin in others but no necrosis of the epithelial cells underneath the hyaline membrane was seen. Some authers suggested that the different constituents of the hyaline membrane were resulted from the precipitation of the edema-tous fluid protein on the surface of alveoli, but this suggestion could not be confirmed either by the electron microscopic study of othrs or by ours.There was a large amount of surfactant found in the intraalveolar space and vacuolation was seen, which indicates that no reduction of surfactant occurred in RDS but there was some alteration of its nature resulting in the loss of its activity.

Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides produce the biologic effects involved in activating P2 receptors.P2 receptors are divided P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes.There is molecular and functional evidence for widespread expression of P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes in osteoblasts,osteoclasts and cartilage cells of the skeletal system.Working through P2 receptors,ATP and other nucleotides released into the bone microenvironment regulate formation and activity of bone and cartilage,including development,growth,turnover and repair of biological functions.The release of nucleotides is increased under inflammatory conditions,and localized ATP release could stimulate formation and activation of osteoclasts.Abnormalities of bone remodelling can produce a variety of skeletal disorders.P2 receptors play an important role in the inflammatory disease of bone.

The current prevalence of myopia has been as high as 27.65%～53.80%among adolescents in Chinese schools.The major reasons are too much near-work activity and lack of outdoor activity for a long time.In order to reduce the prevalence of myopia in Chinese adolescents,we suggest that Chinese students should have 3.5 hours outdoor activity everyday,including 30 minutes travel between home and school,1 hour outdoor activity between classes,1 hour outdoor sport class at school,and 1 hour outdoor activity after school.

Photography of slit-lamp biomicroscopy combined with retro-illumination photography is the gold standard in cataract evaluation. However the application is limited due to its complexity and low efficiency. We introduce digital non-mydriatic fundus photography as a new method for cataract screening in patients with visual impairment,which might play an important role in screening low vision and blindness caused by cataract. Two distinguished benefits are found in this method including compatibility for tele-diagnosis,and integration with screening of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Cautions should be made on the photographs in which media opacity derived from other than cataract or low quality photos due to small pupils.

AlM:To observe the clinical effect of slack skin excision combined with orbicularis oculi muscle shortening and orbicularis muscle shortening in the treatment of elderly patients with lower eyelid entropion, and provide the reference for the clinical treatment.METHODS: Eighty-two ( 126 eyes ) clinical diagnosis’s elderly patients with lower eyelid entropion were collected from our department, then randomly divided into excised relaxing skin and orbicularis oculi muscle shortening treatment group and the orbicularis muscle shortening treatment group. The general data of the two groups, long term curative effect and short-term curative effect were compared.RESULTS:The age, sex, proportion of patients with the first time operation, course of disease were no statistical significance between the observation group and the control group (P>0. 05). The short-term effective rate of the observation group was 95. 2%, while the short-term effective rate of the control group was 77. 8%, the short-term efficiency differences between the two groups was statistical significance (χ2=4. 100, P=0. 043). The long-term cure rate of the observation group was 82. 5% ( 34 cases, 52 eyes), recurrence rate was 17. 5% (7 cases, 11 eyes), while the cure rate of the control group was 60. 3%(25 cases, 38 eyes), recurrence rate was 39. 7% (16 cases, 25 eyes) , the difference of long term cure rate was statistical significance between the two groups (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: The clinical curative effect of slack skin excision combined with orbicularis oculi muscle shortening in the treatment of senile inferior entropion is better than orbicularis muscle shortening operation, recommending application in the clinical.

In this paper graduation field work of students of one grade majoring in preventive medicine is investigated by means of questionnaire and making a diary for practice.The investigation shows that the major difficulty for the practical units to admit trainees is no housing.In spite of this,most of the units welcome the students and devote much attention to guiding practice.Generally,they can arrange for interns to practice in different departments according to the time and the contents of the practice plan.Different units have different practice situations.Each unit has a good evaluation of our school's students,except for the operation skill.The writers hereby have offered concrete suggestions on how to solve the problems.