Objective:To enhance the functional safety of medical electrical equipment and reduce the risk to patient when using the medical electrical equipment.Methods: Theory and rationale introduction of functional safety and provide application cases.Results: Introduce the definition and application scope of functional safety standards IEC 61508, the determination of safety integrity level of functional safety in the Medical Electrical equipment, and the design structure and development, meanwhile show some application examples.Conclusion: Provide suggestions for the manufactures for safety design that introduce functional safety standards IEC 61508 to the development process of Medical Electrical equipment will help enhance the safety level of Medical Electrical equipment and reduce the unacceptable risk’s probability to patient.

Thymus derived CD+4; CD+25 regulatory T cells (Treg) are thought to be specific T cells that play an important role in controlling autoimmunity, preventing transplant rejection, restraining anti-infectious immune response, suppressing allogeneic immune respons. More recently, these cells are reported to have the ability of suppressing antitumor immune response. Foxp3 are the most specific protein of Treg. In this review, we will discuss the expression of CD+4 CD+25 Treg in patients with hematological malignancies and its implication for immunotherapy.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor 1(APE/Ref 1) is a multifunctional protein that is responsible for repairing DNA damage,it also infleunce reduction oxidation (redox) reaction and modulate the DNA binding activity of transcription factors,it is important to cell survival.Recently, much data concerning APE1/Ref 1 and information on APE1/Ref 1 in a wide variety of functions and systems have rapid growth,including its gene,function,distribution and relations with some diseases,especially nervous system diseases and tumors.

Objective: To observe the short-term and long-term efficacy of acupuncture and traction plus Ba Duan Jin (Eight-brocade Exercise) in treating discogenic low back pain (DLBP). Methods: Sixty patients were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by acupuncture and traction, while the observation group was given additional Ba Duan Jin (Eight-brocade Exercise) practice. The intervention lasted for a total of 1 month, with a follow-up study conducted 6 months later. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores in the two groups were compared before and after treatment, and the efficacy was compared at the end of the treatment between the two groups; the relapse rate was compared at the 6-month follow-up between the two groups. Results: The pain VAS and ODI scores decreased after treatment in both groups, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); the pain VAS and ODI scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment with statistical significance (both P<0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, the relapse rate was 10.3％ in the observation group versus 48.0％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of acupuncture, traction and Ba Duan Jin (Eight-brocade Exercise) is an effective method for DLBP and patients who received this method are less likely to relapse.

Objective To analyze the incidence,severity and morphologic characteristics of anemia in patients with malignant tumors.Methods Five hundred and thirty hospitalized patients with a primary diagnosis of tumor were enrolled in this study at our hospital from Jan.2009 to Mar.2011.Their hemoglobin (Hb) levels,age,sex,and type of tumor were recorded.Anemia was diagnosed to be present when their Hb on admission was less than 110 g/L Results There were 111 in the 530 patients (20.94％) had anemia on admission.Anemia was seen in 35.3％ of patients with digestive system cancer,in 19.4％ with gynecologic cancers,in 18.3％ withlung cancers,in 6.8％ with urinogenital cancers and 1.8％ with breast cancers.The difference of incidence of anemia in different types of cancers was statistically significant ( x2=44.9785,P ＜ 0.01 ).Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱanemia accounted for 15.66％ ; and grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 5.28％ of all.There was no significant difference of incidence of anemia between male and female [ 22.36％ ( 72/322 ) vs.18.75％ ( 39/208 ),x2 =1.0020,P ＞ 0.05 ].The more severe the anemia was,the smaller the erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume was.The rate of anemia was 2.08％ when patients were discharged,and 5.66％ were intervened.Conclusion The incidence of anemia was high in patients hospitalized with tumor,but only a small percent got enough medical care.

Objective Using apomorphine, a potent dopamine receptor agonist and rotating T-maze, the effect of apomorphine on the visual discrimination learning and reversal learning in rats was investigated. Methods All rats were trained in a visual discrimination task (food reward and light stimulus) in rotating T-maze. After reaching the acquisition criterion, rats were trained in a reversal task (food reward and without light stimulus) in the same maze. During the period of visual discrimination task, apomorphine was administrated either 30 minutes prior to learning or after learning immediately. Results The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning( 259.20±26.29 and 264.00±16.97, compared to 168.00±16.97 and 163.20±20.08) and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning (451.20±39.44 compared to 360.00±29.39). Conclusion The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning.

Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric retinal tumor initiated by biallelic inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene ( RB1 ) , affecting roughly 1 in 15000 children with 1100 new cases each year.In China, RB remains a potentially devastating disease while lack of early diagnosis and aggressive treatment strategies.Moreover, RB patients individually show a variety of drug response to regular systemic chemotherapy since intensive chemotherapy and long-term follow-up are not as readily available.The majority of patients with advanced diseases require enucleation which affects the future quality of children life.Recent studies showed that alterations in genomics and epigenomics of RB play very important roles in RB progress and therapy.We thereby review current understanding changes of genomics and epigenomics in RB as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.

With the recent understanding of cancer biology, physiopathology, and cancer genetics& genomics, new treatments and methodologies are constantly developed, including on the development and application of molecular targeted drugs for cancer therapy have been widespread concerned.Antibody-based drugs targeting over-expressed oncogenes or other functional proteins in cancer with its high specificity, less side-effects and significant clinical efficacy became rapidly the hot-spot of anti-tumor drug research.Currently, there are already more than 20 of anti-tumor antibody-based drugs approved for clinical application, and achieved remarkable results.This article summarizes the development and current situation of monoclonal antibody-based drug research for cancer therapy, as well as their anti-tumor mechanism of action.At the same time summarizes the new advances in cancer research in the field of monoclonal antibody drugs made,and its prospects as well as shortcomings were outlined.

Objective To study the toxicity of herbicide,butachlor,to myocardium of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Methods One hundred and sixty Bufo bufo gargarizans were randomly divided into control group,paddy goup,5 times paddy group,10 times paddy group,forty in each group and the exposure was conducted in the experimental containers at the concentrations of 1,5,10 times of the application dosages( 5,10,30 ml/L) ,1/2 of the body of Bufo bufo gargarizans was immersed in the sulotion. After 3,6,9 days of exposure,electrocardiogram was recorded using calculator living creature signal analysis system and the structures of atrium muscle and ventricles muscle were observed with HE stain. Results The structure of myocardial cells of Bufo bufo gargarizans was damaged by butachlor with different levels. Pathological examination showed that the myocardial cells appeared necrosis in different degrees with the increasing doses of butachlor. Butachlor could affact the eletrocardiogram of Bufo bufo gargarizans with obvious dose-time-dependent manner,time-dependent manner was even dominant. Abnormal electrocardiogram was seen,P-R and Q-T changed. Conclusion Butachlor exposure can damage the structure and eletrocardiogram of myocardial cell in Bufo bufo gargarizans.

Objective To assess the feasibility of ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT for differentiation of malignancy from benign in pericardial Lesions. Methods ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT data of 16 patients with pericardial lesions (9 malignancy, 7 benign) were analyzed using maximum standard uptake values (SUV_(max)) and the density of lesions, the relationship with surrounding tissues were also evaluated. The results of malignancy or benign were proved by needle biopsy.Results SUV_(max) of malignancy (10.1±6.0) and benign (3.0±2.1) was significant different (P<0.01). Taking the optimal cut-off value as SUV_(max) 3.5-4.5, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of differentiation of malignant from benign in pericardial lesions was 100%, 85.71%, 93.75%, 90.00% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT can predict benign or malignance of pericardial lesions with moderate accuracy.