Adult ; China ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Occupational Exposure ; Personnel, Hospital ; Protective Devices ; Young Adult

Drug abuse and addiction are increasingly severe, which is both a serious social problem and an important medical research work. It is very significant to evaluate dependence potential of centrally acting drugs. Several lines of evidence have shown that there is a close relationship between drug sensitization and drug abuse and addiction. More attention has been directed to sensitization of abused drugs. We introduce the establishment of behavioral sensitization animal model, review neurobiological mechanisms underlying development and expression of behavioral sensitization, and further discuss the role of behavioral sensitization animal model in evaluation of drug dependence.

Conventional CT plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, radiotherapy target delineation, and prognosis of NSCLC, but it still has many limitations.PET/CT has been widely used in the diagnosis and treamtent of lung cancer.In particular, PET/CT metabolic parameters have great guiding significance in the prognosis of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy, and may be superior to many clinical indices.This review summarizes the advances in the application of PET/CT in the prognostic evaluation of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Basal Ganglia ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Germinoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Thalamus

Objective: To investigate the anti-fungal activities of 20 tetralin compounds in vitro. Methods: We adopted the M27-A project recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS). Tetralin compounds were tested and selected with several candidal strains and non-candidal strains with different susceptibilities to fluconazole. After obtaining the susceptibility results, we plotted the time-growth curves of several typical tetralin compounds, including compound 22-1, 31-1 and their muriate 22, 31, as well as compound 34-1, 26-1 and their bromate 34, 26. The combination effects of compound 22, 26, 34, 31-1 with other anti-fungal agents (with different structures) were also determined. Results: The 20 tetralin compounds were proven to have different degrees of anti-fungal activities. Compound 31-1 had a stronger anti-fungal activity to FLC-susceptible strains than fluconazole did, and its effect lasted for over 54 h at the concentration of 6 μg/ml. Compounds 22-1 and 22 markedly suppressed the growth of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Trichophyton rubrum, with all the MIC50 values less than 0.125 μg/ml. Time-growth curves indicated that the anti-fungal activity of 22-1 on fluconazole-resistant strain was more powerful than that of ketoconazole. Furthermore, tetralin compounds had a synergistic effect with terbinafine and berberine on fluconazole-resistant strains. Conclusion: Tetralin compounds have powerful anti-fungal activities and their structures are different from those of other anti-fungal agents currently used, which provide a basis for developing new anti-fungal agents.

With the wide use of azoles, drug tolerance and cross tolerance of Candida albicands has seriously hampered the clinical treatments of Candida albicands. New antifungal agents (potent and effective) have been developed over the past years based on the discovery of many new target sites of Candida albicands. For example, Echinocandins (caspofungin and micafungin), aiming at the cell wall of Candida albicands, showed strong antifungal activities to fluconazole resistant candidas and fungal biofilm. Moreover, because β-glucan synthase does not exist on the cell membrane of mammalian cells, Echinocandins has a low toxicity and a promising clinical future. Though the mechanism of Histatin (targeting fungal membrane) is not clear, it has strong activity not only on candida resistant of polyene and azole, but also to Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. Berberine and Ocimum gratissimum L. were also found to have prominent anti-fungi activities. Berberine extract can intensively inhibit 24-SMT in a dose-depended manner; besides, it has more potent inhibitory activity against the growth of mycelia than against that of yeast. Various new methods can be used to increase the susceptibility of Candida albicands to antifungal agents, such as altering fungi membrane composition, changing some genes, adopting the photodynamic inactivation method, employing hypersensitization agents and combining antifungal agents. This article reviews the newly-developed antifungal agents and newly-proposed target sites of Candida albicands.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of serum Golgi protein-73 (GP73) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The peripheral serum samples from 504 individuals were collected, including 144 HCC patients, 50 cirrhotic patients, 100 hepatitis B patients, 84 hepatitis B virus carriers, 50 patients with other malignancies, 26 patients with benign liver tumor, and 50 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of serum GP73 and alpha-fetal protein (AFP) were detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA and electrochemiluminescence assay, respectvely. Results: The expression level of serum GP73 from the HCC patients was significantly higher than those from the other patient groups (P <0.05). When the cut-off value was determined as 64 ng/mL by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the sensitivity and specificity of GP73 for the diagnosis of HCC were both higher than those of AFP (83.3% vs 72.2%; 88.3% vs 76.7%; both P <0.05). The sensitivity of GP73 in combination with serum AFP for the diagnosis of HCC was 94.4%. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of serum GP73 for the diagnosis of HCC are higher than those of serum AFP. The rate of HCC diagnosis is increased by combined examination of serum GP73 and AFP. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

Objective To investigate the technical feasibility and oncological safety of EPMR for early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods Clinicopathological data, procedure quality and complications of 70 patients with early esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions were retrospectively ana?lysed. The technical safety and feasibility were assessed, and the complications were investigated through postoperative surveillance. The results were compared with published data from two high?quality meta?analysis studies on ESD. Results In a total of 70 patients who underwent EPMR, 35?7%( 25/70) were diagnosed as having early esophageal cancer and 64?3%( 45/70) atypical hyperplasia. And tumor size greater than 2 cm was 78?6%(55/70). The mean EPMR time was(28?31±9?49) minutes. The R0 resection rate of EPMR was 88?6%(62/70) and no perforation occurred. The bleeding rate was 21?4%(15/70). The esoph?ageal stricture rate was 1?4%( 1/70) . The recurrence rate was 2?9%( 2/70) . Compared with published ESD data from the two studies, EPMR showed shorter procedure time, lower curative rate and lower rates of stric?ture and perforation, but slightly higher rates of bleeding and recurrence. Conclusion Both EPMR and ESD are feasible and effective for early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. The curative results of EPMR are similar to ESD, with shorter procedure time, but higher bleeding and recurrence rates.

Objective To explore significance of Ligustrazine on acute cerebral infarction rat model and its effects on hydrogen sulfide, plasma bilirubin and oxidized low density lipoprotein level.Methods 100 healthy SD rats, ( 250 ±30 ) g, male or female, were divided into five groups ( control group, sham operation group, model group, western medicine group, and Ligustrazine group) ,each had 20.Experimental groups prepared focal cerebral ischemia model with suture method.Normal group, model group and the sham group once daily intravenous injected sterile saline 10 mL, Ligustrazine intravenous injection group injected Ligustrazine 10 mL/(kg? d), the WM group intravenous injected atorvastatin 10 mL/(kg? d).Half of the rats were sacrificed at 10 days of the experiment to detect the relevant indicators, at 20 days, the remaining rats in each group were sacrificed.Blood hydrogen sulfide, plasma bilirubin and oxidized LDL levels were detected, and brain pathology change were observed.Results Compared with control group and sham group, in Ligustrazine group and western medicine group,hydrogen sulfide and plasma bilirubin levels increased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);after 20 days of treatment, compared with western medicine group Ligustrazine group hydrogen sulfide and plasma bilirubin levels rose more significant (P<0.05).Compared with control group and sham group, in Ligustrazine group and western medicine group, OxLDL levels decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); after 20 days of treatment, compared with western medicine group, OxLDL levels in Ligustrazine group decreased more significant ( P<0.05 ) .The rats brain histopathology examination showed that, Ligustrazine group:few nerve cell death, cytoplasm loose and swelling reduced significantly;WM group:condensation nuclei rare, brain edema relieve;model rats: brain tissue surrounding the nerve yuan swelling and the emergence of shrinkage, nuclear condensation within the infarct cells and vascular necrosis of normal tissue disappeared, fuzzy structure, interstitial edema; the control group and the sham-operated rats: normal cell morphology, distribution, no cortical Ministry pale infarction.Conclusion Ligustrazine can increase acute hydrogen sulfide, plasma bilirubin levels in rats with cerebral infarction, elevate level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, has clinical significance.

Objective Stem cell transplantation is a new approach to the treatment of lower limb ischemia ( LLI) .This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BM-MSCs) in the treatment of LLI. Methods We established the left LLI model in 12 New Zealand rabbits and divided them into a control and a trial group of equal number.The control animals were injected with DMEM, while the rabbits in the trial group with autologous BM-MSCs, into the ischemic skeletal muscle.Four weeks after injection, we performed CT angiography and perfusion imaging of both lower limbs of the rabbits and conducted HE staining of the paraffin sections of the skeletal muscle of the ischemic limbs. Results Dynamic ob-servation revealed different degrees of ecderon necrosis in 2 of the LLI models in the control group, even with toenail coloboma, but no necrosis in the trial group except for some slight muscular atrophy. Both collateral arteries and blood perfusion were obviously increased in the ischemic lower limbs in the trial than in the control group.HE stai-ning showed a significantly higher density and percentage of capillaries in the skeletal muscle fibers in the former than in the latter ([6.500 ± 1.049]/HP vs [3.670 ±0.816]/HP, [9.68 ±0.56]%vs [5.87 ± 0.86]%, P<0.01), with no necrosis in either group, nor hematoma, bony tissue, or fibroid tumor in the trial group. Conclusion Autologous transplantation of BM-MSCs can improve neovascularization in ischemic lower limbs in rabbits and can be used as a safe and effective treatment of limb ischemia.