Objective:To study the the mental health and relevant factors of patients with hepatitis B. Methods: 58 cases of patients with hepatitis B were assessed with the Social Support Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Trait Coping Questionnaire and compared with healthy person. Results: All patients had obvious psychosomatic symptoms. The mental health level was negatively correlated with postive coping style and social support. Conclusion: Several psychosocial factors played an important role in the onset and trealment of Hepatitis B disease.

Objective To compare the neurotoxic effects of intratheeal ropivacaine and bupivacaine on the spinal cord in rats.Methods Female SD rats weighing 240-330 g were used in this study.Catheters(PE 10 tubing)were inserted through an incision in the cisternal membrane and advanced caudad until the tip of the catheter reached the lumbar spinal level according to the technique described by Yaksh and Rudy.Fifty-four successfully catheterized rats were randomly assigned tO one of 3 groups(n=18 each):group Ⅰ received normal saline 30μlIT(NS);groupⅡ received 2%bupivacaine 20μl IT(BU)and group Ⅲ 2.7%ropivacaine 20μl IT (RO).Degree of motor block was assessed and scored(0=no block,2=inability to flex the hind limb)before (T1,baseline)and at 10,20,30,60 and 120 min(T2-6)after IT injection.On the 4th day after IT injection specimens were obtained from lumbar spinal cord for microscopic examination.Results The motor block score was significantly higher in group BU and RO than in group NS(P＜0.05),and the tissue damage was severe in group BU and RO.The motor block scores were significantly higher at T2 than at T3-6 in beth group BU and RO(P＜0.05).There Was no significant difference in motor block score at T2 between groups BU and RO but the motor block scores were significantly lower at T3-5 in group RO than in group BU(P＜0.05).The tissue damage was Severer in group RO than in group BU(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal 2.7% ropivacaine is more toxic to the spinal cord than intrathecal 2%bupivacaine in rats.

Objective To investigate the expression, relationship, significance of cyclooxygenase_2 (COX-2) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) after cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury and provide basis of treatment. Methods The focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion model was established with thread embolish of middle cerebral artery. Western blotting, barhituric acid method and neurological evaluation were used to examine the expression of COX-2, MDA in cortex and the changes of neurological function;TTC staining was used to observe the changes of cerebral infarction volume. Results COX-2 prorein expression was correclated well with the MDA(r=0.910,P＜0.01). The content of COX-2 and MDA was very low in sham operation group, they were increased significantly at I2h/R6h model group, with the increase of reperfusion time,they remarkably reached its peak at I2h/R24h,they were slightly lower at I2h/R48h, but still maintained at a high level;Compared with model group, in tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) treatment group, the content of MDA and cerebral infarction volume were markedly decreased(P＜0.01). Conclusion The expression of COX-2 and MDA increases in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury.It indicates they may play an important role in the mechanisms of cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury;TMP has neuroprotective effect.

An analysis of the present development of general practitioners in China,probed into the bottlenecks found.The paper proposed to set forth from the training,use and incentives of GPs to promote the systematic design of China's GP system.These measures center on the regulation of GPs development,while building a multi-channel and multi-level GP development system.Other recommendations include raising the professional standing and attractiveness of GPs as a discipline,and enhancing GPs capacity building to promote general practitioners development.

With the increasing perfection and improvement of microsurgery technique in modern ophthalmology, especially the popularization of micro-incision cataract extraction and the rise of femtosecond-laser-assisted cataract extraction, the cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation is gradually transformed from vision rehabilitation surgery into refractive surgery and people also pursue better postoperative visual experiences. However, the preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism is always the main factor affecting the postoperative visual effect. ln recent years, the development of design and materials of the intraocular lens ( lOL) provided necessary basic conditions for clinical application of the Toric lOL. The Toric lOL is primarily characterized by effective correction of cataract patients′postoperative corneal astigmatism, which results in the enhancement of patients′postoperative visual function. ln this paper, the design, classification and clinical application of Toric lOL were analyzed, and current problems and prospect were discussed.

Schistosomiasis hematobia is one major human schistosomiasis. The disease is endemic in Africa and Mediterra-nean region,and is the main cause of urogenital diseases. Although only Schistosoma japonicum is spreading across the Main-land China,now more schistosomiasis hematobia cases are reported among aid projects and migrant workers to Africa,with the economy development and the increasing degree of foreign exchanges. Meanwhile,the relevant clinical data of schistosomiasis hematobia are rare in China. This article reviews the clinical manifestations and progress in diagnosis and treatment of the dis-ease.

Objective To clarify protective effect of the application of Ginkgo-damole in elderly patients with hypertension in total hip arthroplasty.Methods From January 2012 to December 2013,67 elderly patients with hypertension which should take total hip arthroplasty were divided into observation group and control group.Ginkgo-damole were only used in observation group during the operation.The anesthetic effect and the change of systolic blood pressure(SBP)diastolic blood pressure(DBP),heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were observed,postoperative recovery time of consciousness were recorded. Results The level of SBP,DBP,MAP and HR in both group were significantly difference when compared with before anesthesia(P<0.05 ).At the T2-4 time point,the level of SBP,DBP,MAP in observation group were significantly higher than that of control group,the level of HR was significantly lower than the control group,there had significant difference(P<0.05).At the T5 time point,the level of SBP, DBP,MAP and HR in observation group were significantly lower than of control group,there had significant difference between two groups(P<0.05 ).The postoperative recovery time in observation group was(10.41 ±2.35)min,which was lower than that in control group(15.63 ±2.42)min,there had significant difference between two groups(P<0.05 ).Conclusion Ginkgo-damole can effectively relieve the stress reactions caused by anesthesia and total hip arthroplasty,it has good protective effect on elderly patients with hypertension.

Objective:To investigate the effects of enteral nutrition assisted therapy in preventing postoperative anastomotic fistula in patients with esophageal cancer and its influence on immunity,healing process and nutritional recovery.Methods: The clinical data of 90 cases of patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed.According to the mode of postoperative nutritional support,the patients were divided into group A(n=34),B(n=30)and C(n=26)three groups.Group A was treated by immune-enhancing enteral nutrition(Supportan)assisted therapy.Group B was treated with routine enternal nutrition(Nutrison Fibre)assisted therapy.Both of the two groups were treated with 25%,50% and 100% of the full dose on the 1st,2nd and 3rd-7th day after surgery.Later,the dose was reduced day by day till normal diet.Group C was treated by parenteral nutrition assisted therapy.Since the 1st day after surgery,patients in group C were intravenously injected with glucose,vita min and a mino acid mixed liquid calculated by 125.52 kJ/kg.8-10 d later,patients gradually transited to the normal diet.The incidence rates of anastomotic fistula,pulmonary infection and incision infection,wound healing time,total hospitalization time and initial exhaust time were observed and compared between the three groups.The changes of immune index [T lymphocytes and its subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+)],inflammatory factors[C reactive protein(CRP),IL-6]and nutrition indexes[serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)]before surgery,on the 1st and 8th day after surgery were recorded.Results: ①There were significant differences in the incidence rates of postoperative anastomotic fistula and pulmonary infection between the three groups(P<0.05),and the incidence rates in group C were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P<0.05).②There were significant differences in wound healing time,total hospitalization time and initial exhaust time between the three groups(P<0.05)and that of group C group was longer than that of the other two groups(P<0.05).③On the 1st day after surgery,the levels of immune indexes such as CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and nutrition indexes such as TP and ALB in the three groups were significantly lower than those before surgery.CD8+ levels and levels of inflammatory indexes such as CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher than those before surgery(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).On the 8th day after surgery,the nutrition indexes in the three groups were still significantly lower than those before surgery.However,those in group A and B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05);the inflammatory factors were still significantly higher than those before surgery(P<0.05)but those in group A and B were significantly lower than those in group C(P<0.05).Among the three groups,there was no statistical significance in comparing the immune indexes with those in group A(P>0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ in the other two groups were lower than those before surgery while CD8+ level was higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion: To apply enteral nutrition assisted therapy in patients with esophageal cancer after surgery can effectively improve the prognosis.It has positive effects on shortening the healing process,improving the immune function and improving the nutritional status.

BACKGROUND:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been reported to hold a self-recovery potential, which may be related to certain cytokines and biological factors, such as stem cells or progenitor cells.OBJECTIVE: To review the literatures about the relationship between mesenchymal stem cells and ACL injuries, and understand the potential of stem cells or progenitor cells differentiating into ACL, thus providing a basis for the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ACL injury. METHODS:A computer-based online research of PubMed databases was performed to collect articles including reviews, clinical trials and basic studies using the English keywords of ACL regeneration, stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells. Forty-five eligible articles were included finally. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In recent years, there are a lot of studies addressing the treatment of ACL injuries and muscle/bone regeneration, but the use of stem cells is still far from the clinical requirements. The source of stem cells suitable for the ACL regeneration and their most suitable injection points are under discussion. Although the mesenchymal stem cells have been reported to successfully repair ACL injury in animal models, either trophic factors of stem cells or these cells themselves improving the regeneration remains unclear.

The application of molecular biological technique provides opportunity to pancreatic cancer patients since the cancer is resistant to routine treatment. Clarifying the molecular mechanism in the genesis and development of pancreatic cancer is the first thing to do. Recent researches found that there were different signaling pathways activated in different stages of pancreatic cancer. The important signal pathways included mitosis pathways, growth factor pathways, developing pathways and mucin pathways. This article will review the relationship between molecular pathways and pancreatic cancer.