Objective To introduce the mechanisms of graft injuries after small-for-size liver transplantation and protective measures.Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized.Results Portal hypertension after small-for-size liver transplantation induces mechanical injuries as well as hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation disturbance and cytokines release,which worsened the injuries.Decrease portal pressure by surgery or drug could improve grafts function.Conclusion Comprehending the mechanisms of graft injuries will contribute a lot for the living donor liver transplantation.

Objective To analyze the influence of anticoagulants on platelet count .Methods A total of 5 patients with decreased platelet level ,detected by using haemocyte analyzer and samples anticoagulated by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium (EDTA‐K2 ) ,were enrolled ,and EDTA‐K2 ,sodium citrate ,heparin lithium ,sodium fluoride anticoagulated venous blood samples and fingers peripheral blood samples were collected and detected for platelet by using haemocyte analyzer and microscopic detection . Wright‐Giemsa′s stained cell smears were prepared and observed by using microscope .Results Platelet levels of anticoagulated samples ,detected by haemocyte analyzer and microscopic detection were obviously decreased ,and with large platelet aggregation ob‐served under microscope .Platelet levels of finger peripheral blood samples detected by haemocyte analyzer and microscopic detection were normal ,and without platelet aggregation observed under microscope .Conclusion Various anticoagulants could cause pseudo‐thrombocytopenia ,and fingers peripheral blood samples ,without anticoagulants ,should be used for platelet count to obtain accurate results .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Baquting (hemocoagulase for injection)for hemostasis in biliary surgery. Methods A total of 240 patients were divided into hemocoagulase group (n=120)and control group (n=120).Normal saline was used instead of hemocoagulase in the control group.The two groups were compared in terms of intraoperative blood loss,blood loss per unit area, total drainage volume at 3 d after operation,and transfusion volume of suspended red blood cells (RBCs)in the perioperative period,and the effect of hemocoagulase on coagulation function was evaluated.Comparison of measurement data was made by t test.Results Compared with the control group,the hemocoagulase group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss (94.3 ±11.4 vs 128.6 ±10.3 ml,t =24.456,P<0.05),significantly less blood loss per unit area (0.2 ±0.1 vs 0.3 ±0.2 g/cm2,t=4.899,P<0.05),and significantly lower transfusion volume of RBCs (0.7 ±0.3 vs 1.9 ±1.1 U,t=11.529,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in coagulation function between the two groups before and after operation (P>0.05).Conclusion Hemocoagulase is effective and safe in preventing and treating bleeding during and after biliary surgery and can reduce intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and requirement for suspended RBC transfusion in the perioperative period.

Objective] To observe Zhuang medicine tendons back muscle fasciitis therapy clinical efficacy.[Methods] 90 patients were treated randomly and divided into treatment group and control group. Treatment group, Zhuang medicine tendons therapy(massage and tendons fire needle + Zhuang medicine cupping); control group using traditional Chinese medicine therapy(Chinese massage techniques+EA+cupping) treatment once every other day, five times as a course, of two courses, and observe the effect. [Results] The treatment group: the total efficiency 93.33%; control group: the total effective rate 71.11%. The total effective rates had difference( P<0.05), the difference was statistical y significant. [Conclusion] Zhuang medicine tendons therapy for myofascitis had clinical efficacy, easy to operate, safe, with appropriate application.

The impact of glucagon on diabetes mellitus has become a hot area at present .Researchers hold that both the lack of isletβcells and islet αcells dysfunction exist in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Glucagon plays an important role in the occur-rence and development of T1DM, such as regulating the blood glucose and βcell function.Currently, a new therapy model represented by incretin is emerging , aiming at adjusting islet αcells function.And it has the prospect of becoming a new treatment of T 1DM be-sides insulin.Here we summarize the effect of glucagon on blood glucose and βcell function in T1DM, as well as the progress of T1DM treatment with glucagon as the therapeutic target .

Because there are the fiber connections between striatum and substantia nigra, the striatal infarction may result in the secondary degeneration of the substantia nigra. In recent years, there have been a series of characteristics on secondary lesions of the substantia nigra, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the studies of how to detect the patients with striatal infarction in vivo. This article reviews the advances in this field.

Objective To analyze the association of serumγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level with kidney function in essential hypertension patients.Methods 500 patients with essential hypertension were selected.They were divided into high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) group,normal renal function group,mild renal function decline group,and moderate or severe renal function decline group based on GFR.The fasting blood glucose,serum lipid,routine laboratory tests,hepatic and renal function were detected by routine methods.The one way ANOVA test was used to show differences among groups,and the relationship of serum GGT with GFR was assessed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions.Results There were 500 hypertension patients [(56.03 ±7.38)years old,240 males and 260 females] enrolled in this study.Among them,43 (23/20) cases were in the high GFR group,161 (82/79) cases were in the normal renal function group,219(105/114) cases were in the mild renal function decline group,and 77 (30/47) cases were in the moderate or severe renal function decline group.The sex,blood pressure,heart rate,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid level had no statistically significant differences among the groups (all P ＞ 0.05),but the age,aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase (ALT) and GGT had statistically significant differences among the groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed:age (r =0.278,P =0.002) was negatively associated with GFR,while AST (r =0.159,P =0.003),ALT (r =0.352,P ＜ 0.001) and GGT(r =0.237,P ＜ 0.001) were positively correlated with GFR.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum GGT (β =0.146,95％ CI 0.099,0.282,P ＜0.001) was also positively correlated with GFR.Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the level of GGT was positively correlated with GFR in essential hypertension patients,and monitoring the changes of serum GGT may have significant effect on kidney function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of rehabilitation therapy at early stage following spinal cord injury on the patients function recovery.Methods88 cases with spinal cord injury were divided into early rehabilitation group(n=50) and control group (n=38) according to the start time of the rehabilitation therapy (within 2 weeks or after 3 months).Rehabilitation assessment of the patients with Barthel index and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was carried out before and 3 months after the rehabilitation therapy respectively.ResultsBarthel index and FIM score all improved after the rehabilitation therapy in two groups, but the improvements were more significant in early rehabilitation group(P<0.01).ConclusionEarly rehabilitation treatment improves the function of patients with spinal cord injuries.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of coronary artery stent implantation (CASI) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI ) . Methods :According to voluntary choice , a total of 89 AMI patients were divided into drug thrombolysis group (n=44 ,received intravenous drug thrombolytic therapy) and CASI group (n=45 ,received CA‐SI treatment) .Therapeutic effect ,symptom relieving time after treatment ,hospitalization duration and left ventric‐ular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared between two groups ;all patients were followed up for 1~3 years ,in‐cidence of death and cardiac events ,including re -occlusion ,severe heart failure and severe arrhythmias were ob‐served and compared between two groups .Results:Success rate of reperfusion of CASI group was significantly high‐er than that of drug thrombolysis group (91.11% vs .68.18% ) , P<0.05. Compared with drug thrombolysis group , there were significant rise in LVEF [(42.58 ± 13.10)% vs .(57.32 ± 18.61)% ] ,and significant reductions in symp‐tom relieving time [ (8.09 ± 8.31) h vs .(3.75 ± 3.58) h] and hospitalization duration [ (19.84 ± 8.15) d vs . (13.01 ± 5.40) d] in CASI group , P<0.01 all .During follow -up ,compared with drug thrombolysis group ,there were significant reductions in incidence rates of severe heart failure (18.18% vs .4.44% ) ,severe arrhythmias (22.73% vs .6.67% ) and death (6.82% vs .2.22% ) in CASI group , P<0.05 or <0.01.Conclusion:Coronary ar‐tery stent implantation possesses significant therapeutic effect on acute myocardial infarction ,it can significantly shorten hospitalization duration ,and its incidence rate of adverse cardiac events is significantly lower than that of drug thrombolysis ,which is worth extending .

BACKGROUND:Pancreatic islet transplantationviaportal vein system leads to the apoptsis of a number of islet cels due to local hypoxia,therebyaffecting transplant outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To explore theeffect ofpre-micrvascularization network of tissue-engineered constructs on the survival of transplanted islets and the feasibility of xenogenic islet transplantation. METHODS:A 5-mm-long cylindrical silicone tube filed with Matrigel TM matrix surrounding the superficial epigastric vessel was placed in the groin ofdiabetic mice. After the syngeneic islets with 300 islet equivalents (IEQ) were transplanted into the silicone chamber on days 0, 14 and 28 post-chamber implantation, respectively, the recovery time of blood glucose was observed. The islets with the quantity of 100 IEQ, 200 IEQ and 300 IEQ, respectively, were transplanted on day 28 post-implantation and then the blood glucoselevelwas determined. Moreover, the survival of human pancreatic islets with 1 000 IEQ transplanted into the pre-vascularizated chamber or under the renal capsule of diabetic mice, folowed by the treatment of anti-CD45RB and/or anti-CD40L (MR-1) was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:An abundant micro-vascularized network was established in the silicone chamber on day 28 post-implantation. The time of the blood glucose returningto normal level in diabetic mice was negatively correlated with the time required for pre-vascularization and the number of implanted islets. No islet grafts implanted in the silicone chamber and treated by anti-CD45RB survived for long term. However, one of seven (14.3%) grafts survived for long term, which was not significantly different from the transplantation under the renal capsule group (n=8, MST > 71 days,P> 0.05). The tissue-engineered pre-vascularization network markedly extends the survival time of the islet grafts before transplantation. The transplantation of the xenogenic pancreatic islets into the vascularized silicone chamber might be a promising method in the future clinical application.